Kodi ziwerengero, nanga kufunika kwake masiku ano?

Kuti mudziwe za mmene anthu amagwiritsa lonse osiyanasiyana sayansi. Mmodzi wa iwo - ziŵerengero. Ndi chiyani icho?

ziwerengero ndi chiyani?

Kotero ife timachitcha nthambi ya chidziwitso, pamene nkhani wamba zosonkhanitsira, kayesedwe ndi kusanthula deta misa (kachulukidwe kapena Mkhalidwe). Ziwerengero chimakhudzanso kuphunzira zinthu kachulukidwe ya misa zochitika chikhalidwe mawu a mawonekedwe awo M'ndandanda. mawu amachokera za Latin, kutanthauza "zilili". Poyamba, sayansi ichi chotchedwa "gosudarstvovedenie".

Mawu akuti "ziwerengero" anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1746, ndipo nthawi iyi chinali chiyambi cha chilango chimenechi maphunziro ndi sayansi. Komabe, sitingathe kunena kuti anayamba ntchito yake mwachindunji ngati mlandu, muyeso, ndi kusanthula deta kunachitika kale kwambiri. An chizindikiro kwambiri ndi mafashoni. Zofanana kukumbukira kuchokera Masamu, koma si bwino. Koma ndi zimene mafashoni mu zochitika za pa? Kotero ife timachitcha kufunika kwa dongosolo liniya, kumene kumachitika kawirikawiri.

zitsanzo

Tiyeni tikambirane za chinthu kuyandikira ku chenicheni. ndi ziwerengero Webusaiti tsamba chiyani? Monga chizindikiro zingakhale angapo owerenga amene adakhala ku gwero ndi kuti ndizolowere nkhani zake. Komabe, kwa mfundo imeneyi kudzakhala kovuta funso, kodi ziwerengero "VKontakte".

mudziwe osiyana tsamba lililonse si anasonkhana. Koma wochititsidwa kuti awerenge chiwerengero cha owerenga kuti alowe tsiku, mwezi - ambiri, nthawi zonse. Izi ndi yankho ku funso la chimene ziwerengero kuchita ukadaulo zambiri.

mitundu ya magulu

Chilango sayansi kulekana ikuchitika pa m'ndandanda wa magulu osiyana amene homogeneous mu ulemu wina. Kuti awerengere nambala ya intervals pamene palibe chimango bwino, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito chilinganizo Stordzhesa:

Chi = 1 + 3,322 * LG CHN kumene

• Chi - chiwerengero cha integrals;
• LG - logarithm;
• CHN - chiwerengero cha kuzipenya.

Malinga cholinga, pali mitundu itatu ya magulu:

• Analytical. Ntchito kuti mupeze kulumikizana kwa pakati pa magulu.
• Typological. Phunziro anthu ukugawa m'magulu homogeneous.
• Kapangidwe. Kupatukana kuyanjana homogeneous zachokera mbali bwino.

magulu lililonse tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti azipeza amasiyana mzake ndi kukhala ofanana zochuluka mkati mwathu. Iwo pulayimale ndi sekondale. The woyamba kupangidwa pa kuonerera zowerengera. magulu Secondary akuchita zochokera deta analandira.

njira gulu Statistical

Iwo akhala ntchito kulikonse. Choncho tikhoza kuganiza kuti palibe chida konsekonse. Malinga ndi kulunjika mosabisa mavuto kumiza kuonetsetsa ngati njira zowerengera wa kusanthulidwe ka deta:

• Development ndi kafukufuku wa zipangizo ndi onse omwe cholinga kuti kodi kuganizira maonekedwe a ntchito.
• Kupanga ndi ntchito zitsanzo zowerengera wa chodabwitsa weniweni kapena ndondomeko m'munda makamaka ntchito.
• Development komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi zipangizo yosanthula deta yeniyeni ntchito.

ziwerengero Akutsatira

nthambi ili la sayansi zimafunika processing deta ya chikhalidwe umasinthasintha. Monga maziko masamu ziwerengero ntchito ndi njira yake kusanthula ndi ziwerengero masamu ndi chiphunzitso Mwina. Zikuyamba ndi malongosoledwe a mtundu wa deta, komanso limagwirira kwawo. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira probabilistic ndi deterministic. Yotsirizira angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene kutaya ofufuza deta zokwanira (Mwachitsanzo - malipoti matupi boma ziwerengero zimene malinga ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi makampani). Koma kusamutsa zotsatira kwa pamlingo wokulira ndi kuonanso ziyembekezo zotheka ntchito probabilistic ndi zowerengera mawerengeredwe.

Vuto losavuta deta zilipo mfundo kutumikira monga khalidwe yapadera yomwe ndi osamvetseka kwa chinthu pansi kuphunzira. Magawo pano ali kachulukidwe kapena woonekeratu (malingana ndi gulu limene mwini). Yachiwiri zambiri amasonyeza khalidwe Mkhalidwe. Kodi ngati kutenga ochepa? Kapena kuwonjezera kachulukidwe? Pamenepo tingathe kunena kuti analandira vekitala chinthu. Amaona ngati mtundu watsopano deta. Pamene maphunziro zikuluzikulu chitsanzo amapangidwa ndi kukukhala angapo a zamoyo zina. Nkofunika zosinthika ndi iwiri onani zimene timaphunzira. Pakuti ichi kukonzanso zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ntchito.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, zochitika za pa limakupatsani kutsogolera yambiri deta kuti akufunika kuti kupezera zambiri pa nkhaniyi m'madera ena. Choncho amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa ndalama chifukwa amapereka mwayi kusunga mphamvu ya kukula kwa chuma cha. Amapereka ziwerengero chidwi ndi anthu ndi maulamuliro, kuwauza za njira mu dziko: kukula zaziwerengero kapena mavuto, moyo kuchuluka kapena dontho ndi zina zotero.