Kodi kupanga caramel mafuta: sitepe ndi sitepe kalozera

A zaka zingapo zapitazo, pamene anthu raved malo kufufuza, rocketry chizolowezi anali ukali onse. Ndi ophunzira, ndi amuna achikulire nsangala alembedwera mosungira ndi m'makhitchini maroketi chitsanzo kuchokera ku zipangizo zidutswa. Tsopano akuyambitsa tulo pang'ono, koma kodi zosangalatsa koposa kuthamanga ndege ake anapanga mlengalenga? Kodi kupanga chombo kuuluka? Angakwanitse kwambiri ndi zothandiza - kugwiritsa ntchito caramel mafuta osakaniza a ammonium nitrate ndi zimam'patsa.

Kodi muyenera

Zogwiritsira zigawo zikuluzikulu si chachikulu chotere.

1. Shuga kapena sorbitol - ndi zopangira kwa caramelization lapansi.

2. ammonium nitrate (mungagwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zambiri za m'munsimu).

3. Chitsulo chidebe - zambiri kutenga zitini mwachizolowezi, ngakhale kuti ankakonda kutenga mbale ndi makoma wandiweyani - kwa Kutentha yunifolomu kwambiri. Ngakhale bwino - enamel kapena zosapanga dzimbiri, kupewa njira anachita ndi zithunzi tableware.

4. mbaula magetsi - kuphika mafuta pa mbaula mpweya sangakhale!

5. pepala kapena pepala lina kuti mutipatse (ngati cholinga chanu - kuchita osati mafuta caramel ndi pepala maswiti). Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu injini roketi, impregnating itatha, "caramel" ndi kuumitsa (popanda Kutentha).

6. chitetezo: Goggles ndi magolovesi.

7. mpweya wabwino.

Atatu kupanga njira

Pangani caramel mafuta akhoza kukhala osiyana. Chophweka - chabe kusakaniza popanga. Wina "caramel" kuphika - losavuta kapena evaporation. Mu ochiritsira mafuta kusanganikirana anazitsanulira mwa mtsuko galasi kugwedezeka kangapo, ndiye linasindikizidwa kuteteza mayamwidwe madzi. Ndi ntchito mwachindunji mu injini nkhondo mtundu uwu wa mafuta ayenera womata, mwinamwake chiopsezo kuphulika.

Cook, kapena m'malo mafuta kusungunuka caramel pa kutentha madigiri 120-145 pamaso kusintha zonse ndi mapangidwe misa shuga pa kugwirizana ofanana ndi semolina madzi. Pakuti akuigwiritsa zosakaniza safunika. Ndi zofunika mu njira, kuti iwo anapanga mpweya thovu. Limatsogolera kumafuna evaporation ndi Kuwonjezera wa madzi ndi evaporation wotsatira. Kuipa njira izi: mafuta amakhala yonyowa, ndipo kumachepetsa mlingo wa kuyaka ake.

Chinsinsi № 1

Caramel mafuta kuchokera nitrate potaziyamu (nitrate potaziyamu) - Njira. Zosakaniza atengedwa mu kufanana zotsatirazi: shuga kapena sorbitol - 35%; nitrate - 65%. Nitrate zouma pa lathyathyathya poto ambiri za 100-150 madigiri pafupifupi maola awiri. Ndiye kuuluka pafupifupi 20 masekondi - n'zotheka ntchito mtondo kapena chopukusira khofi.

Kuyika mbali ofanana pa magalamu 50. Pofuna kuti Musiyeni ndi kukukuta shuga, ndi bwino kugula okonzeka zopangidwa icing shuga. Pakuti "yophika" kapena mafuta caramel akupera munthu, palibe kuyanika chofunika. Kuonjezera cangu, kodi zidzawonjezedwa kwa osakaniza 1% chitsulo okusayidi (Fe ₂ O _3).

Chinsinsi № 2

Caramel mafuta kuchokera nitrate ndi sodium. Features wa osakaniza izi - ndi zambiri hygroscopic. Kudzatenga 70% ya ammonium nitrate, 30% shuga, ndi mabuku awiri madzi (200%).

Chinsinsi № 3

Kugwiritsa iwo ali osavomerezeka. Izi caramel mafuta nitrate ammonium (nitrate ammonium). N'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kulabadira maphikidwe ena? Chifukwa ndi wosakhazikika pawiri, ndipo Kutentha chilichonse mukhoza kupita cholakwika. Chifukwa cha ntchito, zikuoneka kuti athetse ndi moto!

Komanso, kupanga "caramel" wa nitrate ammonium zigwire fumes poizoni kwambiri. Choncho, maphikidwe onse pogwiritsa ntchito nitrate ammonium muli zigawo zina kutembenuza kukhala ndi sodium kapena potaziyamu. Chophweka njira Baibulo ndi sodium wochuluka. Tengani 40% ammonium nitrate, 45% ya soda ndi 200% madzi. Onani mlingo madzi ndi chamunthuyo mpaka palibe fungo amoniya kusiyiratu. Kenaka yikani madzi mlingo koyamba (ndi pang'ono vaporized), kuwonjezera 15% shuga ndi kudikira mpaka amasungunula.

catalysts

Kuonjezera mphamvu ya "caramel" kunachititsa catalysts zosiyanasiyana. Wotchuka kwambiri - chitsulo okusayidi. Pasanathe chodziwika bwino caramel mafuta ndi aluminum. Chenjezo! zotayidwa nitrate osakaniza akhoza azinyadira pamaso pa madzi. Oopsa kwambiri, makamaka pamaso pa zosafunika soda kuti akhoza kupezeka mu nitrate, ndi oyera zokwanira kapena payekhapayekha. Choncho, mafuta pamaziko a zotayidwa nitrate monga chothandizira ali wofunikila kuwonjezera 0.5-1% asidi aliyense wopanda mphamvu, ndi chakuti chiwerengero ichi zitikwanira, - zimatengera mtundu wa nitrate. Boric - Njira. asidi Oxalic acid acetic sali oyenera - zotayidwa amachitira nawo. Ngati pa ndondomeko kuphika likamatenthetsa osakaniza foams ndi zimatulutsa fungo Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala la ammonia - kufunika kuchotsa pomwepo ku matailosi ndi kumizidwa m'madzi.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa ndi catalysts bwino anakumana raketostroitelyam amene katswiri mitundu zosavuta mafuta. Ndipo kuphunzira umagwirira sizingatiletse: ntchito okonzeka zopangidwa malangizo ndi yosavuta, koma ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa kudziŵa ndi kuzindikira chimene iwe ukuchita, ndipo kodi zochita kutenga malo mu kusakaniza.

Zotayidwa anawonjezera kuti potaziyamu ndi, "caramel". Analola Kusiyana - kuchokera 2.5 kuti 20%. Zina Zambiri amapereka ndalama zosiyanasiyana za kusintha mu mafuta mlingo moto. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ozungulira zotayidwa ASD-4.

Kodi kukhala otetezeka ndi wathanzi

The mafuta owopsa kuphika caramel ndi kusungunuka shuga ndi nitrate, koma njirayi ndi asonyeza. Mphamvu imene wophika "caramel", ayenera kukhala mwangwiro oyera - vuto lina chifukwa moto.

Nearby pasakhale malawi lotseguka - mabomba ku khitchini sitifunanso. Nkofunika kuwunika kutentha kwa osakaniza - kuposa madigiri 180 sitiyenera adzaukitsidwa zivute zitani!

Pamene oyambitsa bwino ntchito ndodo matabwa kupewa zosiyanasiyana chokhwima. Kulowerera ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono: Air mutsanulira mu mafuta yomalizidwa ntchito kutsogolera ndi kuphulika kwa chombo cha. Pamene kudzaza kwa mafuta mu mawonekedwe komanso ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe thovu. Ntchito koyenera kutambasula kapena panja, makamaka Chinsinsi ndi nitrate ammonium.

Musati kupera shuga ndi nitrate mu komweko pamodzi! Ayenera pogaya payokha, wosakaniza ndi kugwedeza mu chidebe galasi.

Atsopano sayenera kulankhula ndi nitrate ndi ammonium, choyamba yesani losavuta ndi otetezeka kwambiri (pamaziko a nitrate potaziyamu) caramel mafuta. Kupanga mafuta amamwa ziyenera kuchitika kuyang'aniridwa bwino khalidwe la zosakaniza, kutentha, chinyezi wokhutira ndi kugwilizana ndi miyeso ngozi!

Kodi kutenga zosakaniza

Nitrate amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ndi madipatimenti wa uphungu azaulimi truckers monga fetereza. Sorbitol - shuga wogwirizira odwala matenda ashuga. Anagulitsa, motero, mu mankhwala a. Fe ₂ O ₃ - chitsulo okusayidi - kale wogulitsidwa dzina "okusayidi wofiira chitsulo". Mukhoza kuchita zimenezo pophunzira mabuku zogwirizana. Maminolo hematite - yemweyo chitsulo okusayidi. Zotayidwa chogulitsidwa ndi opanga mankhwala.