"Kizhi" - owonetsera zakale. Kodi, zithunzi

dziko Russian wolemera zipilala wapadera m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe kake. Koma, mwinamwake, malo apadera kwambiri pakati pawo ali ndi chilumba chokongola ili mu mtima wa Russian North. Russian Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" matabwa zomangamanga - waukulu pabwalo zovuta. likulu lake - mapulani gulu loyimba, yomwe imakongoletsa Kizhi churchyard.

Ali m'nyumbayi "Kizhi"?

Funso Ndithu chidwi okonda zomangamanga wakale matabwa. M'mbiri komanso kamangidwe Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" lili pa chilumba chomwecho mu makilomita makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera Petrozavodsk - likulu la Karelia. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu zakale pabwalo m'dziko lathu. Malo ndi mahekitala oposa zikwi khumi. Karelia ndi amodzi mwa malo ambiri anapita. Chaka chilichonse pali zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu zikwi alendo Russian ndi achilendo.

chikhalidwe

Kubwera ku malo amenewa kwabasi ndi okonda zachilengedwe. Pachilumba mozizwitsa anapulumuka wapadera zachilengedwe zovuta, anthu ambiri a mitundu osowa wa mbalame. Masiku ano, pali anayamba chidwi zachilengedwe njira, amene kutalika ndi makilomita oposa atatu. m'gawo lake ndi okonzeka ndi malo angapo kumene mukhoza amasirira zodabwitsa chikhalidwe cha Karelia. Paulendo, ndi alendo akhoza kufufuza zizindikiro za glacier omwe anabwera kumusi kuno zaka zoposa khumi zikwi zapitazo, kuona malo kukaikira mazira a choyenda mbalame, asangalale ndi kukongola understated zachilengedwe kumpoto.

Museum "Kizhi" Matabwa Zomangamanga

Wotsimikiza kuti anthu omwe anali asanakhalepo ku Karelia mudzadabwitsidwa zam'mene ndi kukongola ndi m'maganizo malo awa. Koma choyamba, tiyeni bwino pa zimene nyanjayi ndi kowonera zakale "Kizhi". Onega ndi wachiwiri kukula mu Europe, kuwonjezera pa Ladoga. Pali oposa 1,300 zilumba zazing'ono, koma mwa iwo malo apadera ali pa chilumba cha Kizhi. Pa izo, ndi nyumbayo ili. "Kizhi" - zakale, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa oposa awiri ndi theka zaka. Malinga ndi ndende ya zinthu ya cholowa mbiri ndi malo apadera, amene alibe wofanana mu North European dziko lathu.

Mwaupeza magulu zipilala mapulani ali nyumba 76. Amakhala 82 zipilala mbiri pachilumba cha Kizhi ndi 68, ku madera ozungulira - 8, mu Petrozavodsk - 6. Pangani otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse tsopano kowonera zakale "Kizhi", chithunzi chimene Tingaone mu timabuku onse a mabungwe akuluakulu ulendo, inayamba mu 1966 ndi Kizhi. Mwa njira, tsopano mbali ya List UNESCO. Pa nthawi zovuta anaonekera zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali, omwe anasonkhana ku midzi ya Karelia.

owonetsera zakale Features

Yomanga nkhuni Russia m'nthawi zakale anamanga ntchito chida chimodzi chokha - nkhwangwa. Koma masiku ano, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nyumba zoterozo pafupifupi munthu, chifukwa pamene anaukitsidwa amisiri ntchito misomali ndipo Chalk ena nyumba.

Ndipotu chilumba chonsecho ndi kowonera zakale wapadera. Kamangidwe zipilala, amene ali "Kizhi" zakale, linagawidwa zigawo zitatu. Iwo nthawi zambiri anachezeredwa ndi alendo. zipilala zazikulu zili m'mudzi mbiri kumpoto kwa chilumbachi. mwapadera "Kizhi" (owonetsera zakale) amapereka maphunziro ndi kufalitsa ntchito. Zovuta zikuphatikizapo nkhani holo, kumene mungaphunzire kwambiri m'mbiri ya nyumba.

Mpingo wa kusandulika

chinthu, umene unali woyamba anamuona onse amene anabwera ku chilumba cha Kizhi. M'nyumbayi (kapena kani, ndodo yake) ndi wonyada kwambiri za zidzasintha dongosolo matabwa - Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro. Kapangidwe chonchi ndi chimango (octagonal) ndi anayi prirub. Aliyense wa iwo mosamalitsa zochokera kwa kadinalayo. Pa pansi ndi nyumba matabwa awiri, laling'ono kwambiri mu kukula.

Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro cha Ambuye - wotchuka akonzedwa chidutswa. Mbiri yakale amakhulupirira linamangidwa mu m'ma XVI. Komabe, moto waukulu pafupifupi kukawononga. Kapangidwe zazikulu zimene tikhoza kuona lero inamangidwa 1714. wamtali - 37 mamita. Mpingo korona chaputala 22 cha mtundu wapachiyambi, amene amapereka yomanga tione lowoneka.

The mbali yaikulu ya mkati mwa mpingo ndi iconostasis (The yachinai), chomwe ndi zithunzi 102.

Mpingo wa Kupemphera ndi

Wina wa mpingo wotchuka, amene angathe kuona zithunzi zonse Museum "Kizhi". Ichi ndi Mpingo wa Kupemphera kwa Virgin. Linamangidwa m'zaka XVII mochedwa, koma patapita (1764) linadzamangidwanso. Chigawo chapakati cha nyumbayi - ndi chimango octagonal. Denga yake chokongoletsedwa ndi domes naini. The iconostasis wa mpingo kubwezeretsedwa pa kubwezeretsedwa - mu makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo, monga mbali ya zithunzi pachiyambi anasowa.

Mpingo wa Kupemphera mogwirizana analankhula Chiwalitsiro zomangamanga, complementing view m'chimake ndi panorama pachilumbachi. The khonde atsogolera khonde Kumwambamwamba, amene ndi mmene ambiri mipingo kumpoto Russian. Choncho n'zotheka kupita ku matchalitchi. Mpingo wa Kupemphera, mukhoza kukaona utumiki, mverani amalonda chodabwitsa Chimonko ndi kumva mabelo wakumwamba. Kuliganizira osati alendo komanso akatswiri kuitana mafano. Kwenikweni, analembedwa ndi anthu a m'deralo. Domes mipingo zazikulu kukwapula ntchito yabwino. Aliyense wa iwo idzafotokoza kakang'ono - zolimira, dzanja chosema kuchokera pine.

Mpingo wa Kuukitsidwa kwa Lazaro

Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" (chithunzi mungathe onani pansipa) ali pa m'gawo lake ndi maofesi ambiri odzichepetsa kusiyana Mwachitsanzo, mpingo Chiwalitsiro. Pa Kizhi inali yosauka wakale mpingo wa Kuukitsidwa kwa Lazaro. Kapangidwe chaching'ono ngati chizindikiro cha ulendo epic tililaka nacho Russian zomangamanga achipembedzo ku chiyambi chake zidutswa yapadera matabwa zomangamanga zokhudza zaka XVII-XVIII.

Asayansi, olemba mbiri taphunzira m'chigawo cha matabwa ndi mbali structural. Anaganiza kuti nyumbayi wa atumwi XVI. Izi ndi mwachilungamo wophweka dongosolo Kletskaya mtundu. zomangamanga ofanana ndi nyama chetyrehstenny: otchedwa matabwa denga ndi khola, zomwe zimabweretsa iwo kunja ndi gulu nyumba wamba - kuchokera kusamba ndi pamaso barani kanyumba. Mu 1961, chipilala anali anakongoletsa ndi wamanga AV Opolovnikova. Iwo anali bwinobwino anafufuza ndi ntchito yosala 1876 miyezo, zopangidwa ndi Academician L. V. Dalem. Izi kubwezeretsa mpingo molondola kwambiri.

yomanga ena

"Kizhi" - zakale, omwe asamukira m'gawo la nyumba zoposa makumi awiri wamba, matchalitchi angapo, outbuildings: nkhokwe, osambira, nsanja. The Interiors nyumba zili ndi zipangizo, ziwiya, mipando, amene m'masiku akale. Oposa mazana asanu mafano kusungidwa pano kutsindika chizindikiro cha mwambo wa kumpoto wa iconography.

wapatali deta

Museum "Kizhi" - si manda a kamangidwe, komanso chofunika kwambiri katundu deta. Izi ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ethnography mipukutu ndi kusindikizidwa mabuku, zojambulajambula, zithunzi ndi zojambula. A zosiyanasiyana ndalama amalola m'nyumbayi kuti ngati chionetsero chachikulu ndi zisudzo zosakhalitsa.

Ndalama yagawidwa m'magawo angapo:

1. Orthodox iconography. Izi Kutolere zithunzi zasungidwa mu matchalitchi ndi akachisi, mafano amene anakongoletsa "ngodya wofiira" m'nyumba za anthu wamba.
2. Kukongoletsa-ntchito malo. Apa tiri olemera zosonkhanitsira kuluka, kupenta, nsalu, matabwa kusema.
3. zikalata Archival. Apa anasonkhana Opolovnikova wamanga zojambula kuchititsa kubwezeretsa ntchito.

The ndalama wa nyumbayi anasunga mapositi kadi akale ogwirizana Kizhi lathu. A osiyana, mbali mofanana wapatali ya zithunzi thumba la m'deralo amene anali pamaso 1940.

ntchito yobwezeretsa

Popeza 1980, mu wapadera zovuta pansi mwatcheru wa UNESCO ikuchitika ntchito yobwezeretsa. Pamaso akatswiri panali funso: "Kodi kupulumutsa nyumbayi matabwa, madzi ndi mvula ndi kuwinduka ndi mphepo kuchokera kumpoto 1714". Padziko lonse anali kufunafuna njira zamakono komanso kuteteza mitengo processing popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mwatsoka, kanthu za mtundu opezeka mu dziko. Choncho, lokonza ndinachita kutembenukira kwa zinachitikira makolo amene analenga ntchito izi luso. Lero zidzukulu za mapulani kumpoto ntchito pano, mitengo ndi amisiri a matabwa si mu m'badwo wina.

Wapadera ntchito likugwirizana koposa ndi mfundo yakuti paini mitengo, imene sikumanga mipingo, kudula m'nyengo yozizira ku aakulu ozizira ndi yekhayo ndi nkhwangwa. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti mu nkhani iyi pali zachilengedwe kusamala utomoni. Zimenezi zinathandiza nkhuni kusungidwa kwa zaka zingapo. makungwa awa anali zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, koma pambuyo pake iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito yomanga.

Pali maganizo nthawi kuchokera XIV ya m'zaka za m'ma XVIII anali m'madera amenewa "Ice Age." Ndipo 1714 anali pachimake cha kuzizira, kotero makungwa a mitengo ndi startlingly mkulu osalimba mphete.

mode

Museum "Kizhi" akhoza anadzacheza pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. M'nyengo yozizira kumeneko kudikira alendo ochokera 10,00 kuti 16,00, m'chilimwe - kuchokera 8,00 kuti 20,00. Ku chilumba pa nthawi iliyonse, inu akhoza kuyendetsa ku likulu la Karelia, Petrozavodsk. Njira yachiwiri mukhoza kuyamba m'mudzi wa Velikaya Guba (Medvezhiegorsk dera). Akapita chilumba nthawi zambiri m'gulu pulogalamu ya maulendo kuti achoke St. Petersburg.

Pa navigation ndi siteshoni Petrozavodsk Water amapereka flights zonse. ulendo amatenga ola limodzi ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Milomo Wamkulu wa inu angakhoze kubweretsa kwa chilumbachi ndi onyamula payekha. Fans wa masewera kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira akhoza kuno kutsetsereka kapena galu sledding. M'chaka angathe kuperekedwa ndi alendo ndege. Chilumba alibe m'mahotela. Ndipo mu oyandikana pali kuthekera kwa masiku angapo kuthetsa m'nyumba ya alendo. Osungitsidwa malo awo akhoza preset.

Travel Zokuthandizani

Aliyense amene akufuna kuona wapadera zovuta "Kizhi" - kowonera zakale - ayenera kudziwa kuti pali malamulo chakuti akuoneni. Choyamba, anayendera chipilala cha umachitika pamodzi ndi khadi ulendo. Kachiwiri, sikuloledwa kukaona m'nyumbayi ndi ziweto. Chachitatu, magalimoto alendo akhoza anapereka pa malo yoikidwiratu. A magalimoto galimoto iliyonse mgwirizano ndi makonzedwe a.