Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera lolemera zitsulo: njira ndi zipangizo

Madzi kuyeretsedwa ku zitsulo, mosakaika, ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kupeza wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito, woyera ndi wowona kuti madzimadzi anthu. Ndi zitsulo ndi zinthu zimachitikira amene ali ndi katundu zachitsulo chotero likhale lalikulu atomiki kulemera.

Iwo anali mavuto aakulu pa zamoyo anthu ndi nyama ntchito, ndipo sapeza chuma cha wambirimbiri ziwalo ndipo zimakhala ndi kuwononga mpaka kalekale thanzi. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti akhazikitse zomera mankhwala Zosefera madzi chitsulo, mkuwa, kutsogolera faifi tambala, nthaka, cobalt, Mercury, cadmium ndi siliva.

Kufunika zosefera amenewa chifukwa chakuti chifukwa cha ntchito kwambiri madzi mafakitale zosiyanasiyana ndende zitsulo awa ndi mkulu zilipo. Zoipitsa ndi nyumba osiyana ndi katundu, kutanthauza kuti aliyense wa mtundu wawo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo.

Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi zitsulo katundu mu mawonekedwe a ayoni inatulutsidwa kudzera mankhwala ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti kusintha pH a sing'anga ndi mlingo ankafuna. Akafike pH phindu 9.0-10.5 zitsulo aliyense kukhala insoluble ndi precipitate amene kuchotsedwa ndithu chabe.

Kusankha mankhwala, amene amapangidwa ndi mankhwala mafakitale madzi kumatengera zifukwa zotsatirazi:

- chofunika chiyero;

- ndende ya zoipa zopezeka ndi;

- kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka zosafunika.

Kamodzi analimasulira mankhwala insolubilizing, sitepe kuŵapatulanya, kawirikawiri yokoka yothetsa wa zitsulo. Opaleshoni imagwiridwa ndi precipitating ntchito muli yapadera imene particles waikamo ali kusamutsidwa kwa dewatering ndi kuyanika. Plus, njira imeneyi ndi kuphweka ake ndi zoipa - ndi kulingalira mkulu kukhalapo kwa mankhwala extraneous kuti akhoza kusokoneza ndondomeko mafunsidwe. Izi zikhoza kukhala sopo, hydrogen peroxide kapena detergents.

Madzi kuyeretsedwa ku zitsulo ndi kubala m'njira ina. Njirayi imatchedwa "Kakhungu", ndipo anachita mothandizidwa ndi unsembe wapadera ndi partitions. Childs, mu madzi, anayeretsa nembanemba zitsulo ndende si upambana 1 mg pa lita, ndi tsidya lina la sefa iwo wambiri misa gelatinous.

Iwo izi ayeretsedwa ndi madzi zitsulo zolemera imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri ndipo zingamuthandize. mkulu khalidwe wake chifukwa cha katundu wapadera wa zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga:

1. mkulu selectivity, mwa kulankhula kwina, mphamvu kupatukana zinthu za makhalidwe osiyana. The sangathe kumvetsa bwinobwino ndi kudutsa semipermeable yokha madzi okha, kwathunthu anamasulidwa ku zodetsa. Recent kudziunjikira tsidya nembanemba lapansi.

2. aloyi imene septum kuumbidwa makamaka mphamvu ndi kukana kuti kuukira mankhwala.

3. Kakhungu The mofanana ogwira ndi kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana kugwira ntchito mu nthawi ya ntchito. Ubwino wa njira ndi zosafunika zitsulo ndi anakaika pa sefa pamwamba ndi kuononga pores ake ndiponso m'njira zambiri ndi kuchotsedwa anati Kakhungu.

View a kuyeretsedwa amenewa ndi n'zosiyana osmosis. Njira imeneyi amakhala mu njira ya (kusukulutsa madzi) ntchito kuthamanga amene alumphe yake. The kuipa ndondomeko komanso zofunika mkulu khalidwe zipangizo amene ali kukonza unsembe ndi zovuta kuchotsa ndende wosanjikiza.

Wambirimbiri madzi ndi ndende otsika zitsulo m'pofunika kuyeretsa ndi kuwombola ion. Monga amadziwika, luso lake zachokera ntchito ion kuwombola resins kwa ayoni zitsulo amene kudziunjikira pamwamba. Zikhazikiko mbali zimenezi kulola kukhala utomoni kwa zaka zingapo, kupatula caking awo.

Komabe, kwambiri mokwanira kuyeretsa njira ndi zovuta kwambiri luso chilango cha mankhwala ozungulira ndi ultrafiltration. Komabe, njira imeneyi ntchito okha electrolysis ndi electroplating mafakitale, madzi zinyalala lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri njira zinyalala ndi zimalimbikitsa helanitami. Ntchito imeneyo ntchito makina amene wapadera.