Italy: Lombardy Ndi Korona Ya Lombards

Lombards (Latin Langobardi) kwenikweni amatanthauza ndevu zambiri.

Mawu akuti Lombard m'mawu ake oyambirira ali patali kwambiri ndi lingaliro lakuti "Kuika chinachake chofunika ndi chiyembekezo ndikudutsa tsiku lina." Mwa mawu awa a French adatcha amuna ophwasa, owopsa, ndi a ndevu a magazi a German. Nsabwe zambiri - mu Latin zidzakhala Langobardi - Lombards. A French anawatcha kuti Lombards .

Chigawo cha Italy, kumene Lombards chinakhazikika, kenako anadziwika kuti Lombardy. Ndipo Lombards, omwe adachokera ku chigawo cha Lombardy, atatha kuwonongedwa kwa Knights Templar kumayambiriro kwa zaka khumi ndi zinayi (palibe malo opatulika), omwe anali ndi mabanki. Makamaka, amapereka ngongole kubanki ya zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa cha Lombard.

Lombards inagonjetsa kumpoto kwa Italy m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Mtsogoleri wawo ndi ulamuliro wamfumu anali Alboin . Zaka ziwiri zisanachitike iye adagonjetsa Akumayi , anthu ena achijeremani, omwe analankhula ndi Lombards m'chinenero chimodzi. Anagwira ndi dzanja lake yekha mfumu ya Göpides Kunimund . Pachigawa cha mdani wake adadzipangira yekha vinyo; ndipo mwana wake wamkazi adakwatira mkazi. Mkwatibwi wosauka anali Rosamund .

Monk Sigebert wochokera ku Gamble , wolemba mbiri wakale, akulongosola zochitika ngati izi:

Nthaŵi ina adampatsa chikho ichi ndi mawu akuti: "Imwani ndi atate wako," mkaziyo adakwiya kwambiri ndipo anaupanga kuti aphedwe pabedi ndi ake ake.

Ndipo Pavel Deacon, yemwe amachokera ku mbiri ya Lombards, amapereka zina:

Kupha bambo ake Rosamund, Alboyin analamula kuti akhazikitse chigaza ku chigaza chake. Ndipo mwinamwake nthawi ina anapangitsa Rosamund kukhumudwitsa munthu, kumukakamiza kuti amwe ku chigaza cha atate wake. Pofuna kubwezera, Rosmund anapitanso ku Helmegis, yemwe mwina anali wokondedwa wake. Komabe, ankaopa kuchita zinthu zokha ndipo anapempha kuthandiza Pederio, mwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri. Pederio anakana kuthandiza ophwanya malamulo, koma, komabe, molakwika anagona ndi Rosamund usiku wotsatira, ndikuyesa bwenzi lake. Podziwa zolakwitsa zake, adagwirizana kuti achite nawo chiwembucho, poopa mkwiyo wa mfumu. Tsiku lotsatira Rosamund adalamula ku nyumba yonse kuti awonetse chete pamene Alboin akugona madzulo. Ndipo, pamene iye anagona, anamangirira lupanga lake pabedi ndi kuwasiya ophawo. Alboin atadzuka ndikuwona opha, adagwira lupanga, koma sadatha kulitenga, monga Rosamund anamangiriza lupanga kumbali yake. Anayesetsa kudzitetezera ndi chopondapo mapazi, koma mphamvu sizinali zofanana ndipo anaphedwa. Alboin anaikidwa m'manda m'nyumba yake ndipo Lombards analirira maliro ake.

Kupha Alboin ndi kupereka zakumwa "ndi bambo ake" zinali zowonjezera nkhani za ojambula.

Lombards inalowa ku Italy mu 569. Posakhalitsa, Lombards inagonjetsa pafupifupi kumpoto ndi pakati pa Italy. Mizinda yomwe inachititsa kuti Lombards iyambe kukana, idatha, pamene mizinda yomwe inkazindikira kuti mphamvu za Lombards zinalibe zisanachitike. Mu 572, atatha kuzungulira zaka zitatu, a Lombards adagwira Pavia ndipo adalitenga kukhala likulu la dziko lawo. Pavia ndilo lokha la mizinda lokana Lombard, silinaphedwe, monga olemba mbiri zakale amakhulupirira, kokha chifukwa cha kupembedzera kwaumulungu.

Mabomba amodzi ndi anthu amderalo sanalowere m'banja ndipo sanasakanizane nawo. Lombards ankadziganizira okha ngati Akhristu, koma asanalowe ku Italy iwo adalowa mu chiphunzitso cha Arian, ndipo anthu a kumeneko anali Akatolika. Apapa Achiroma, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi Akatolika, sankalemekezedwa kwambiri pakati pa a Lombards ndipo ankachititsidwa manyazi, omwe amawonekera ngati nthaka yochepera. Ndiye, ndithudi, iwo analapa ndipo anakhala Akatolika abwino, koma iwo sanasiye kuyendera papa.

Pang'onopang'ono, ma Lombards anagonjetsa pafupifupi masiku onse a Italy, akusiya Papa ndi gawo laling'ono pakati pa Apennine peninsula. Mpaka lero, kuchoka m'derali kudakhala malo otchedwa Vatican.

Ufumu wa Lombard, chodabwitsa, unafera pampando wake wamphamvu. Panthaŵi imeneyo, France anayamba kulamulira Charles I, wotchedwanso Charlemagne , wotchuka kwambiri monga Charlemagne . Kuyambira pamene kuphedwa kwa Lombards kwa apapa kunapitirira kuwonjezeka, Papa Adrian Ndinadandaula kwa Karl, yemwe anali naye paubwenzi weniweni.

Mwachilungamo, ndiyenera kunena kuti panali mkazi wogwirizananso. Charlemagne poyamba ankawoneka kuti anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa mfumu yomaliza ya Lombard. Koma, sindikudziwa chifukwa chake, ndinamutumizanso kwa bambo anga, ndipo ndinatenga mkazi wina kuti akhale mkazi wanga. Desiderius , mfumu yomalizira ya Lombard, anakhumudwitsidwa ndipo, molingana ndi zomwe zanenedwazo, adayamba kuthamangira kwa papa waku Rome. Ndipo iye anatembenukira kwa yemwe pa nthawiyo anali ozizira kwambiri.

Mu 774, Charlemagne anagonjetsa Ufumu wa Lombard ndipo anakhazikitsa Iron Crown ya Lombards. Korona uyu ndi chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri. Zapangidwa ndi golide wagolide 3 mainchesi lonse ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali. M'kati mwa golide wagolide chimangidwe chachitsulo chachitsulo chimayikidwa. Chophimba chachitsulo, monga chimakhulupirira, chimapangidwa ndi msomali, womwe unakhomedwa pamtanda wa Yesu Khristu.

Kuyambira apo, mpaka lero, korona imasungidwa mu tchalitchi cha John Baptisti ku Monza, pafupi ndi Milan. Adzakhala m'madera amenewo, ayimire ndiwone. Ili ndi korona wakale wa ku Ulaya. Kuwonjezera pa mafumu a Langobard, adakonzedwanso ndi mafumu a Germany, kuyambira Charlemagne. Komanso Napoleon Bonaparte atatha mu 1805 adakonzanso kachiwiri dziko la Italy ku ufumu wa Italy.