Hazelnut: kubzala ndi chisamaliro. Kubzala hazelnuts m'dzinja

Mwa mtundu mbewu horticultural a mtedza hazelnut imatengedwa mfumu. Mutu aulemu analandira kwa mkulu zokolola. Hazelnut ngati chomera nakulitsa akhala nakulitsa kuyambira nthawi zakale. Tikutero chifukwa zokumbidwa pansi.

Hazelnuts anatchula lalikulu-fruited otuwira (Lombard), ambiri wokhala deciduous ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Dziko hazelnut - kum'mawa mbali ya Black Sea gombe. chikhalidwe ambiri ku Ulaya ndi America.

Panopa hazelnuts ali ndi malo otsogolera pakati pa zikhalidwe za mitundu iyi. Ruggedness la kulima, kuswana kuphweka, ndi zakudya mtengo wa zipatso ndi ntchito m'mayiko m'mbali anapanga mtedza mosavuta alimi ndi wamaluwa.

ndi hazelnuts chiyani?

A chitsamba ndi kufanana kwa otuwira lapansi. Hazelnut - mphepo mungu Mipikisano unayambika mbewu yaikulu, amene kutalika ranges ku mamita atatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Masamba mdima wobiriwira, serrated pa m'mbali, ndi kuzungulira kapena mawonekedwe chowulungika. Maluwa mbewu ndi mitundu iwiri: wamwamuna, mu mawonekedwe a ndolo, ndi akazi - impso ndi ofiira owala stigmas-maburashi mkati.

Ngati nyengo kulola, mtedza limamasula kuchokera yozizira oyambirira mpaka March. Fruiting umayamba chaka 4-5th pambuyo kubzala. Chitsamba otuwira catkins m'nyengo yozizira ndi zingwe ndi kowala masamba wachikasu mu kugwa amakopeka maso ndi kukongola. Izi kulolerana mthunzi, kulola kuti n'kutela pa malo otsetsereka a kumpoto. Pa malo dzuwa ndi kutetezedwa hazelnuts bwino fruiting. Ndiyamika mizu yolimba ya zitsamba kumalimbitsa nthaka, kotero kubzala mtedza akhoza adzaikidwa pa malo otsetsereka, zigwa.

wokongola kwambiri mu nyengo kukula, kuyambira Mphukira mpaka kugwa masamba, hazelnuts. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kupereka osiyanasiyana ntchito. Makamaka kumakondweretsa diso korona chitsamba yokutidwa ndi velvety lalikulu masamba kapezi wothira lalikulu mtedza chonse kapena oblong. Hazelnuts, amene woyenera sikutanthauza khama, wawachititsa monga zipatso, ndipo zotsatira zake kukongoletsa. Choncho, ili chitsamba chilichonse ngati anthu komanso mosangalala kukula mu minda.

kukonzekera nthaka

Hazelnut - mwachilungamo undemanding chomera, amene ali oyenera kukula kwa nthaka aliyense, kupatulapo mchenga wouma, mchere ndi chinyontho. dothi Acidic laimu pa 1 sq. m. theka kilo ya laimu. Komabe, hazelnuts, ankafika pa zimene nthaka yachonde ndi onyowa, amapereka imabereka kwambiri.

Kuyamba pa malo anasankha kuti kubzala n'kofunika kufotokoza ndi kuchita pawo ndi Kuwonjezera tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka fetereza ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, ngati pakufunika kutero. Zotsatirazi khasu lapansi akuya 30-40 masentimita ndipo tidakocheza ndondomeko malo. Chotero kulima kwambiri zichitike pofuna mwayi kwa mpweya kuti mizu ndi kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka. Pakuti chabwino fruiting hazelnut muyenera kwambiri zakudya, zimene iye akutenga padziko lapansi. Choncho, ayenera kukumana ndi manyowa kapena kompositi pa mlingo wa quintals 2-3 pa mamita lalikulu mazana a dziko.

nthawi kubzala

Chitsamba chilichonse mtedza anabzala m'chaka ndi autumn, malingana ndi dera. Kubzala m'dzinja hazelnut makamaka m'madera a kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera, kumene ikuchitika kwa masabata 2-3 mpaka chisanu. Zimenezi zimathandiza chomera mizu, kupeza mphamvu, ndipo mwamsanga kupita kukula masika. M'madera ena a hazelnuts zingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse ankafika chaka.

Kusankha ikamatera malo hazelnut

Bwino mtedza amamera kum'mawa, kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi kumpoto otsetsereka, pamene pali ochepa kusinthasintha tsiku kutentha, ndipo mukhoza kupewa ngozi ya zomera ndi amayaka kuzizira. Hazelnut wakonda dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Lifunika anabzala pa mtunda wa mamita 4-5 zomera zina ndi akorona chachikulu, kupereka malo zikuluzikulu chakudya.

M'minda kunyumba hazelnuts, ankafika pa malo otsetsereka amene chigwa kapena pafupi mezhoy mudzakula mu mawonekedwe zachilengedwe. Ndipo ngati inu kuwonjezera zina sapling, izo kukongoletsa munda wanu. chitsamba Izi zikhoza kuikidwa pa malo a ulemu.

ankafika

Pambuyo kusankha gawo ndi nthaka kukonzekera anasankha hazelnut mtengo. Kudzala mu dzenje mapazi awiri kwambiri ikuchitika kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Kuti wosanjikiza izi chapamwamba nthaka wosakaniza ndi mchere potaziyamu (50g), superphosphate (150 g) ndi 2-3 zidebe humus. Feteleza amafalitsidwa wogawana mdzenje.

Kubzala hazelnuts m'dzinja ndi masika umachitika kwambiri. Iwo kupereka malo msomali mmera anabzala ndipo atasunsa chidutswa izo mu njira. Ndipo musaiwale kuika una mu nthaka pang'ono kuchokera hazelnut. Muzu khosi m'dziko tisagone, ndi kuzamitsa pa masentimita 2-3 kulimbikitsa kukula mizu ndi nthambi. Pamwambapa nthaka mbali ya mbewu yomweyo mutabzala, kudula pa msinkhu wa 5-6-TH impso. Mmera kufupikitsa ndi masentimita 15-20 pamwamba nthaka.

Anabzala tchire madzi 3-5 ndowa ya madzi mu dzenje limodzi ndi kuphimbira. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito paini masingano, utuchi, manyowa, zimene manyowa - kuti adzakhala pa dzanja. Bwino kukumbukira chinyezi. Kupewa makungwa zovunda mbande, kuphimbira ayenera asakhudze thunthu. Patapita mlungu umodzi, m'pofunika kubwereza kutsirira lapansi. chikhalidwe wodzichepetsa ndi hazelnuts. Kubzala ndi kusamalira kwambiri khama adzafuna.

Mapangidwe nati chitsamba

Ngati wina sakonda mawonekedwe a mbewu mu mawonekedwe zake zachilengedwe, n'zotheka kupanga chitsamba lotsatira. Pakuti kugwa, pambuyo kukula nyengo chachiwiri, inakonzedwa 8-10 mphukira amphamvu. Iwo adzakhala tsogolo la tsinde. Patangotha zaka 2-3, kuchotsa mphukira ndi kudula mphukira owonjezera chitsamba akhoza kupangidwa pa nzeru zake.

Kudulira zomera ndi chofunika yodalirika mkulu zokolola. Kupanga chitsamba kwa zaka 4-5, mpaka fruiting. M'tsogolo, kuti palibe thickening, kuchotsa nthambi wosabereka. Ndipo m'chaka cha kukula Muziyesetsa kupeza rejuvenation, amene kudula chaka atatu thunthu zaka khumi. M'malo kukonzekera mphukira woyambira.

Kuthilira ndi feteleza

Wodzichepetsa mu kulimapo horticultural hazelnuts. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro si zovuta. Pofuna kupeza mkulu zokolola za mtedza, m'pofunika kangapo nyengo kuthirira tchire. Makamaka hazelnuts safunika kuthirira m'nyengo ya chilimwe, pamene zipatso ndi kukula mofulumira.

Kuonjezera zokolola ndi feteleza nthaka. Mtundu ambiri kudya ndi kompositi ndi manyowa, amene kubweretsa mu zaka 2-3 kamodzi mlingo wa makilogalamu 10 pa mita lalikulu. feteleza ndi mankhwala akhoza kukhala chaka chilichonse, makamaka pamene zipatso angamvetsere. Kuchita izi, ntchito urea. Asafe sizikupanga. Izo zimayambitsa kukula mofulumira chitsamba, zokolola pa amachepetsa yomweyo.

chokoma ndi wathanzi zipatso amapereka hazelnuts. Kudzala mtedza mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse sizitenga nthawi yaitali. Koma kuti tisangalale ndi kukoma zipatso ndi kukongola anapanga tchire inu motalika.

kubalana

Zimafalitsidwa mtedza mbewu ndi vegetatively. Pamene ntchito mbewu kuswana mitundu ya mbewu sali opulumutsidwa. Kubzala hazelnut mtedza ntchito kwa misa kulima ndi kuswana mitundu yatsopano. Kukula mbande hazelnut, chenjerani osati zouma bwino wakucha mtedza. Bzalani iwo mu kasupe kapena yophukira nthaka yachonde akuya 6-8 cm.

Pamene vegetative kafalitsidwe kusungidwa, opatsirana wotetezedwa ndi maonekedwe komanso katundu mitundu. Iwo ikuchitika ndi layering, mizu, nagawira chitsamba, ndi kumezetsanitsa. Kubalana hazelnut layering imagwiridwa ndi kuphunzitsa zanthete popanda kuŵapatulanya m'tchire. Ngati maziko kutenga pomwepo kenaka, suckers 2-3 wazaka wosiyana chitsamba ndi anabzala. Pa chulutsa ndi kugawa chitsamba pa kupatulira hazelnut m'minda ena tchire achotsa. Kuwaza iwo kuti aliyense mizu anakhalabe, ndi anabzala mu malo atsopano. Pa chulutsa ndi kumezetsanitsa cuttings kuchita izo mu kasupe. Njira imeneyi kafalitsidwe ntchito zo tchire.

zothandiza zimatha

The hazelnut lili zakudya zambiri: mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya ndi mavitamini. Maso ntchito mu chakudya ndi Confectionery makampani, mafuta - mu mankhwala ndi zodzikongoletsera. Kalori hazelnut kuposa mkate, mkaka ndi nyama. Ngakhale mungu inflorescences. Ndi oyambirira yozizira njuchi forage.

Nati ndi mankhwala a magazi m'thupi zakudya ndi kukula prostate, thrombophlebitis ndi mitsempha varicose, zilonda trophic ndi haemorrhoids. mankhwala akulimbikitsidwa anthu ndi matenda a dongosolo mtima. Akukhulupirira kuti hazelnut Kubweretsa thanzi ndi chimwemwe.