Hawk Owl: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi

Mkazi wa Hawk ndi mfumukazi ya nkhalango kumpoto kwa Eurasia, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Kamchatka ndi Nyanja ya Okhotsk. Icho, pokhala chimodzi mwa mbalame zodabwitsa kwambiri zakutchire, chimaonedwa ndi anthu ambiri monga chizindikiro cha nzeru ndi chidziwitso.

Maonekedwe

Zambiri zimasiyanitsa mitundu iyi ndi zikopa zina. Dzina lake nkhandwe ya hawk yolandiridwa chifukwa chofanana ndi nyamakazi, yomwe imasonyezedwa osati kunja kokha, komanso khalidwe ndi zizoloŵezi. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikati, kukula kwake sikuposa 380 g. Mutu waung'ono wokhala ndi kuwala kosaoneka pang'ono kumakhala kochepa, palibe "makutu" a nthenga. Maso ndi mlomo ndi zachikasu. Mapikowa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70 mpaka 80. Amayi omwe ali ofanana mofanana ndi amuna nthawi zina amakumana ndi akulu. Paws ndi zikhomo zakuda zimaphimbidwa ndi nthenga zazikulu.

Mtundu wautali ndi wofiira ndi zofiira pambuyo, pamutu ndi m'mapewa. Kuwala kwa pamwamba pa mimba ndi m'mawere kumatanthawuzira kutembenukira kwabwino. Nadhvoste kanyumba kakang'ono kuposa kumbuyo. Pali lingaliro lakuti ndi zaka, Hawk Hawk imakhala yowala. Zithunzi ndi kufotokoza kwa mbalamezi zimapangitsa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimakhala zowala ndi zamdima bwanji, msuzi ndi mikwingwirima mthupi zimabisa chikopa pansi pa makungwa a birch. Chifukwa cha mtundu umenewu umatchedwanso birch owl.

Habitat

Nkhalango za kumpoto kwa America, nyanjayi ya ku Ulaya ndi Asia, Central America ndi Russia ndi malo omwe mbalameyi imakonda chisa. Zosagwirizana ndizomwe zimapezeka ku Tien Shan, Mongolia, Sakhalin ndi Primorye.

Taiga, tundra - malo otchuka kwambiri achikopa. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango yam'mphepete mwa mtsinje, m'mapiri akukula pafupi ndi nkhumba zazikulu, kulikonse komwe kuli mitengo yambiri ya maluwa. Kawirikawiri mbalamezi zimakhala zowonongeka kugwa, zinyalala zakale. Malo okonda kwambiri m'mapiri ndi zigwa za mitsinje ikuyenda pansi kuchokera kumapiri komanso pamphepete mwa mapiri.

Njira zodziwira nkhumba

Nkhani yonse ya akambuku a hawks ndi nkhani yovuta, chifukwa izi zimayenera kuyendetsa misewu yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pakati pa mawebusaiti amenewa, ma phonogram a kufuula kwa amayi ndi abambo amabwereranso kuti aganizire mozama.

Pofufuza, mitengo ndi mapiri a mitengo yosweka amafufuzidwa mosamala. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ntchitoyi panthawi yomwe nkhuku zochepa zimatha kuchoka pa chisa ndipo zili pafupi ndi nthambi za mitengo komanso mitengo ikuluikulu.

M'nyengo yozizira, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa ndi chipale chofewa chomwe chimasiyidwa ndi kadzidzi. Zimasiyana ndi zochitika za mamembala ena a banja lino ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana X. Chifukwa cha pubescence yamphamvu ya paws, zojambula zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi mbalame zamphepete mwa chisanu sizidziwika. Mukamabzala, palinso mzere kuchokera kumchira.

Chakudya choyamba

Nkhukuzi zimadyetsa makamaka makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina mbalame zimakhala nyama zawo. Choyamba, nkhuku ya mbalamezi imagwira makoswe ngati mbewa (lemmings, voles red). Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku Kandalaksha Reserve anawonetsa kuti nthawi yopanda chisanu chakudya cha anapiye ndi 98 peresenti ya zinyamazi. Ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi voles. Ngakhalenso zotsalira za achule zimapezeka m'madziwe otsalira ndi mbalame. Kumadera a nkhalango ya Finland ndi Norway, kafukufuku ofanana amasonyezanso kuti gawo lalikulu la nkhuku zakutchire ndi mbewa yamtundu, ndipo chiwerengero cha mbalame ndizoposa peresenti imodzi.

Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira yokha ya chaka, mbalamezi zimawombera makamaka mbalame. Choyamba, iwo ndi white grouse, gulu la hazelisi ndi oimira ang'onoang'ono a mapepala.

Kusaka

Kuwonekera osati kokha, komanso khalidwe la chikopachi ndilofanana ndi ntchentche. Amasaka makamaka masana, kawirikawiri madzulo. Mofanana ndi mbalame zina zowonongeka, kumakhala m'nkhalango, kadzidzi amasonkhana mofulumira, amawuluka ndi mapiko ake mobwerezabwereza, kenako amapitiriza kufalikira, kupita patsogolo.

Zimatha mosayembekezereka kuchoka ku mtengo wamtali ndipo, mofulumira kwambiri kwa mphindi pang'ono ikuuluka mamita mazana, mozama kwambiri. Nthaŵi zina, ikuuluka pafupi ndi nthaka, imayenda pamwamba pa phiko ndipo imagwa ndi mwala. Zimapezeka mofulumira kwambiri kuti muthe kuona momwe nkhungu ya hakali imakhala kale ndi nyama.

Kufotokozera momwe wolombo amawonera nyama yake, ndizofanana ndi zizolowezi za mbalame. Kuwombera kumalo otseguka, kadzidzi kamangokhala pamwamba, kuyang'ana pansi. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yokhazikika ya shrunken. Kuyang'ana kuzungulira pafupi ndi theka la ora, ntchentche kumtengo wina.

Kumeta

Nthawi yowomba pa chiwombankhanga amayamba mu March. Mu April, amakonza malo oika mazira kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zisala zakale. Kawirikawiri nkhuku imakhala ndi zipilala zakutchire, zomwe zimakhazikika pamtunda, pamapiri kapena pamapiri, komanso pamapiri okwera 14-15 mamita. Kawirikawiri zisa pamwamba pa ziphuphu, zimakhazikika muzinthu zovunda. Mbalame zimaona mtunda wa pakati pa zisa kuyambira makilomita awiri mpaka asanu, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu.

Mu April-May, amai amaika mazira. Pafupipafupi, pali mazira 4-5 mu clutch. Mu nyengo yambiri yokhala ndi makoswe a mbewa, chiwerengero chawo chingathe kufika pa khumi ndi awiri. Kukula kwa mazira ndi pafupifupi 35 mpaka 40 mm. Ng'ombe za a Hawk pachiwombankhanga zimakhala zowawa kwambiri. Munthu atangomva pafupi, amayamba kufuula mokweza, akuuluka kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, ndipo pangozi, amai ndi abambo amateteza chisacho mwa kumenyetsa zitsulo pamutu wa adani.

Chick

Nasizhivanie imatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ndipo mwezi wa June ana amabadwa. Chovala chawo choyamba ndi choyera choyera chimene chimakhala phokoso loyera. Pa galasi lakuda la mdima muli nsiduwa zoyera komanso mtundu womwewo umakhala wozungulira pamaso. Mawanga akuda, omwe ali pafupi ndi maso, akuphatikiza pa mulomo.

Poyembekeza kubwera kwa makolo, ana aamuna omwe amakhala m'chisawa amafalitsa mwapadera kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu iwo ali kale ndi maluwa omwewo monga munthu wamkulu wa mbalame, amene chithunzi chake chikuwonetsera bwino maonekedwe ake. Ngakhale osatha kuthawa, anapiye amakhala pamwamba pa nthambi pafupi ndi chisa chawo, akuimba mluzu.

Pamene nkhuku zazing'ono zimatembenuza mwezi, zimatha kuthawa mtunda wa mamita 20 mpaka 30. Koma kwa nthawi yayitali, makolo akupitirizabe kusokoneza anapiye awo, kuwatsutsa mopanda mantha aliyense amene safuna kuwafikira. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndi kulira kwawo, komwe kumatanthauza chizindikiro choopsa, amachititsa kuti mnyamatayo afere pamutu. Makolo amafuula molimba mtima. Moyo wodziimira wa zikopa zazing'ono ukuyamba pozungulira September.

Nkhuku zakufa kwambiri. Ngakhalenso ndi zikuluzikulu zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri si mbalame zitatu. M'madera ambiri, kutha kwatsala pang'ono kumeneku ndi chiwombankhanga. Bukhu Loyera la Mizinda Yachigawo, Madera a ku Moscow ndi madera ena amaphatikizapo mitundu iyi ya ziphuphu pamodzi ndi zinyama zina zomwe zimafunikira kutetezedwa.