Gini index

Vuto lina lalikulu kwambiri m'mayiko osauka ndi ndalama lochitira. Kwakukulu lonse ake, anthu ambiri mu dziko ayamba kumva tanthauzo la chilungamo. Kupanda ndalama zimabweretsa nkhawa mosalekeza tsiku lotsatira, tingayambe monyanyira osiyana.

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, chuma apeza njira ina kuyeza chilungamo poyerekezera kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama ndi ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera. The Gini index chimodzi chabe mwa zizindikiro izi. chizindikiro ichi anaonekera mu chuma mu 1912 chifukwa cha ntundu Italy ndi ziwerengero Korrado Dzhini.

The Gini koyefishienti akulola mawerengedwe a lochitira ndalama mu dziko. zake ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 kuti 1. Zing'onozing'ono mtengo umakhala Gini index, uniformly kwambiri kufalitsidwa ku chimaposa boma. Ndipotu, ngati chizindikiro ichi amamuchititsa umodzi, ambiri a ndalama ndi kuikapo maganizo m'manja mwa mbali yaing'ono ya anthu.

The Gini koyefishienti. mawerengedwe

Mawerengedwe a chizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito ya Lorenz pamapindikira chithunzi. Potanthauza m'dera njanjira ndi a Lorenz pamapindikira ndi mzere ulemerero monga A, ndi malo pansipa monga B. Ndiye Gini index ndi wofanana ndi quotient akamagwira kugawa A kuti (A + B). Popeza A + B = 0.5, ndiye chizindikiro athu kuchita masamu motere: D = 2 * A = 1-2 * B. Ngati timuuza chiŵerengero ngati ntchito ya Lorentz Y = L (X), mtengo B angapezeke ntchito yofunika.

The vuto ambiri mu dziko motere:

The Gini index m'mayiko amene m'gulu la bloc Ulaya, monga Slovenia, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Czech Republic, ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0.2 kuti 0,3. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndalama onse okhala m'mayiko amenewa ali pa mlingo chomwecho, koma chakuti chuma dziko ndi wogawana kugawa. Uliwonse dziko pali apamwamba m'munsi ndi pakati strata la anthu, amene njira zawo zenizeni za katundu ndi ndalama, koma pali bwino osauka ndipo mwachionekere olemera.

M'mayiko amene chuma bwino anakamba, monga Japan, UK, Germany, Spain, France ndi Portugal, ndi Gini koyefishienti ndi avareji za 0,35. Magwero waukulu kudzikundikira ndi makampani ndi mabungwe ntchito mu banki ndi gawo mafakitale. magulu awiri aakulu akhoza kuwasiyanitsa anthu: olemera kwambiri ndi amene ali sitichedwa zodabwitsa zachuma ndi mavuto a zachuma.

M'mayiko amene Gini koyefishienti ndi mkulu (kuchokera 0,45 kuti 0,55 ndi zina yopambana 0.6), kuphatikizapo Russia, USA, Venezuela, Brazil, Guatemala, Namibia, El Salvador, Bolivia, Haiti ndi Zimbabwe. Zingaoneke ngati awa ndi maiko chachikulu ngati US ndi Russia kukhala mu mndandanda chomwecho ndi maiko African ndi Latin American? Ambiri mwina, yankho lake lagona pa lochitira kuthetsa makhalidwe amene aliyense boma zipangizo njira yake ndi kupeza zotsatira zogwirizana.

Monga mmodzi wa njira zopititsira patsogolo pachilichonse za kufalitsidwa kwa ndalama akuti ndi makonzedwe a boma thandizo kachitidwe maphunziro, chikhalidwe chitetezo ndi zaumoyo. Izi zimathandiza kuti anthu ndi ndalama zochepa kuti maphunziro, kusunga thanzi ndi kukhulupirira kwambiri za tsogolo lawo.

The njira yotsatira ya kulimbana lochitira zikutanthauza kusintha mu dongosolo kwa misonkho nzika, makamaka kumayambiriro mwapang'onopang'ono mitengo msonkho. Mtengo wokhazikika misonkho ya ndalama ya anthu, zomwe Mwachitsanzo, alipo mu Russia, kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti anthu osauka kupeza osauka ndi olemera kupitiriza kuwonjezera chuma chake.

Kumene, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira ophatikizana Komabe, atsopano, njira ukasintha osiyana kusintha kufalitsidwa kwa revenues chuma padziko lonse adakali osadziwika.