Doping - izo ... Kodi doping mu masewera?

Masewera ambiri masiku ano ntchito doping: zamijaha, mtanda dziko kutsetsereka ndi nkhani imeneyi. othamanga ambiri Ankawaphwanyira mendulo ndi maudindo mu thupi lawo pamene wapezeka zinthu zachilendo kuthandiza kupeza zotsatira zabwino mu mpikisano. Ntchito doping mu mpikisano anali, ali ndipo adzakhala ndi mafunso ambiri, ndi kukayikira sayansi. Kwenikweni, m'pofunika kumvetsa zomwe mankhwala chomwe ntchito ndi zimene zimabweretsa.

lingaliro sayansi

Doping - masoka, kupanga, ndi mankhwala kuti kusintha ntchitoyo maseŵero. Komanso akuti umenewu akunena nthumwi kuti ungawonjeze mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe pambuyo padzuwa la minofu misa mphamvu kunja. Iwo ayenera yomweyo kuti pa mpikisano othamanga ndi akuletsedwa mukumwa mankhwala.

ntchito yoyamba

Mbiri ya mankhwala amenewa Ming'oma pafupifupi chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Doping mu masewera anayamba ntchito okwera American ndi aphunzitsi a akavalo kuti subcutaneously kutumikiridwa pinyama zinthu zofunika.

Mfundo yoyamba za ntchito mankhwala oletsedwa anaonekera kuyambira 1903. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kampani anayamba mtundu wake kulimbana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse wothandiza. Iwo likukhalira kuti mfundo imeneyi pa anapanga mayeso mankhwala. Only nthawi yoyamba iye sanali yogwira, zimene zilipo lero.

Species ndi magulu zina doping

Mwachibadwa, zinthu zina kumasintha mmene pa thupi la munthu. Mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala othetsa ululu, pamene ena kuwonjezera kukula kwa thupi opambana, kuonjezera mphamvu, kupirira. Komanso, doping - si stimulant ya maluso anthu pa mpikisano, komanso kuthandiza pa maphunziro. Pamaziko a zizindikiro doping mu masewera amakhala m'magulu ena.

Zoletsedwa ntchito onse pa mpikisano ndipo pa kuphunzitsa mitundu zotsatirazi doping:

• Anabolic mankhwala. Mu anthu, zinthu zimenezi zimatchedwa anabolic mankhwala. Mtundu aumbike mwa doping wa mwamuna timadzi testosterone. Mwina, anthu ambiri kudziwa kuti athe kubereka masewera n'kofunika kwambiri kupeza zotsatira ankafuna. mankhwala anabolic kuthandiza kuwonjezeka Taphunzira minofu misa, mapuloteni kuloŵerera ndi chitukuko cha thupi wamwamuna. Koma chikhalidwe chawo m'thupi zimapangitsa lokha anamva. Mankhwalawa ndi pa thupi la munthu kuwatengera zotsatira androgenic.

• mahomoni peputayidi (kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa mapeputisayidi), zinthu kukula. Growth timadzi, insulin ndi erythropoietin akuletsedwa ntchito ndi othamanga zinthu, popeza kuthandiza kupeza kuwonjezeka mu kukula kwa minofu ndi kuchepetsa mafuta wosanjikiza (zikule timadzi), ndi kuwonjezera yopanga maselo ofiira (erythropoietin).
• Diuretic zinthu. Dzina sayansi ndalama izi - okodzetsa. Pali zifukwa zazikulu zitatu zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masewera okodzetsa. Choyamba, ndi kuchepa mofulumira thupi. Chachiwiri, khalani ndi thupi wokongola sportsman akulu maonekedwe. Kachitatu, okodzetsa pomogyut excrete atumiki othandiza ndipo motero kubisa ntchito zinthu yoletsedwa.
• Beta-2-agonists. Iwo kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa minofu, zimathandiza kuchira zawo, kupewa imfa ya minofu misa ndi zaka.

Mankhwala oletsedwa lokha pa mpikisano mwachindunji:

• analgesics chomwa mankhwalawa (mwachitsanzo, methadone, morphine, fentanyl). Dzina lokha akusonyeza kuti zinthu zimenezi ntchito kuchepetsa kudziwa ululu.
• Ogalamutsa. Mu malo oyamba gulu la mankhwala kanthu pa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Iwo ayenera yomweyo kudziŵika mfundo yofunika: ogalamutsa ambiri ali mbali ya kupuma ndi mankhwala odana ndi tizilombo. Kuchokera pa ichi, wothamanga asanayambe ntchito, zingatanthauze losavuta mankhwala ozizira ayenera kuwerenga zikuchokera. Ngati mankhwala sakhala ndi zinthu zoletsedwa, ungagwire ntchito nthawi chithandizo.
• Glyukokortikosteriody. Othamanga ntchito kumva funde la mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa ululu.

polimbana ndi zina doping

Monga tanenera poyamba, panopa ali ndi kulimbana yogwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti zithandize kuti asavutike zamasewera. Doping - ngozi kusiya masewera kanthawi, ngati. Ndipotu, pafupifupi akatswiri mpikisano onani othamanga pamaso pa mwazi wa zinthu yoletsedwa. Opambana nthawi zonse kufufuzidwa, ndi zina - zoti tisankhepo.

Ngati wothamanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo anapezeka, ndiye pali munthu otayika nthawi zina. Kwa nthawi yoyamba - zaka 2, ndipo pamene kachiwiri kopanda cholakwacho - kuchokera zaka 4 ndipo onse.

Sports okonda tamva za zoipa, ndi chifukwa chimene chinali kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu yoletsedwa. Chaka chatha, kangapo zidawala Masewerera a Biathlon mu iwo. Doping othamanga ntchito Russian timu ya dziko, amene anali otayika.

ingafooketse wochita mpikisano

Doping - izo osati kuthandiza kuwonjezeka ntchito othamanga ndi kupambana, komanso deta weniweni wa munthu, komanso chifukwa cha mavuto ambiri. The ntchito zina nthawi zambiri sikuti kudali kwathunthu. Chotero kulowelera mu thupi kumabweretsa zotsatira zoipa, ndi kulipira wothamanga kuti tikwaniritse thanzi lawo. Mwachitsanzo tikhoza kutenga erythropoietin, amene tamutchula uja. Pa mapangidwe mkulu maselo a magazi, magazi angathe kukhala wandiweyani, imbaenda kuna mapangidwe kuundana ziwiya ndi mitsempha. Pankhaniyi, simungakhoze kuchita popanda mavuto (simungakhoze kuyiwala za imfa).

Pomaliza

Atamaliza kukambirana kugwiritsa ntchito doping zinthu, m'pofunika kunena mawu ochepa zoti zaposachedwapa pakhala chizolowezi kuchepetsa mowa wawo ndi njira wathanzi masewera kuyamika doping kulamulira, osiyanasiyana odana doping kupewa pulogalamu. Anthu ambiri amanena doping mu dziko masewera, "Ayi". Mwachitsanzo, Masewerera a Biathlon tatchulazi. Doping masewerawo, monga wa pulezidenti wa Russian Masewerera a Biathlon Union, sadzakhalanso ntchito.