CIPF - ndi chiyani ichi? njira cryptographic chitetezo mudziwe

Mawu akuti "cryptography" zichokela ku mawu a Chigiriki "zobisika" ndi "kulemba." Mawu akuti akufotokoza cholinga chachikulu cha cryptography - ndi chitetezo ndi chinsinsichi mudziwe opatsirana. Chitetezo cha mfundo akhoza kutenga malo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Kuchepetsa mwayi thupi deta kubisala kufala njira kupanga mavuto olumikizidwa kwa mizere kulankhulana ndi zina zotero D..

Cholinga cha cryptography

Mosiyana ndi njira za makolo a cryptography, cryptography ikukhudza kupezeka zonse za kufala njira kwa hackers ndipo amaonetsetsa paokha ndi lodalirika mfundo pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu kubisa kuti kupanga mfundo kuwerengedwa kuwerenga wosaloleka. Modern cryptographic chitetezo system (CPS) - kompyuta dongosolo mapulogalamu-hardware kuti amatiteteza la magawo zotsatirazi zambiri.

• Chinsinsi - kulephera kuwerenga zambiri ndi anthu amene alibe ufulu zoyenera. The chigawo chachikulu kupereka chinsinsi ndi CIPF kiyi (kiyi), umene uli wapadera alpha-M'ndandanda zinayendera kwa wosuta kupeza ena chipika CIPF.
• Umphumphu - ndikosatheka kusintha wosaloleka, monga kusintha ndi pochotsa mfundo. Kuti izi anawonjezera kuti choyambirira mudziwe redundancy mu mawonekedwe a chitsanzo mayeso, yopangidwa ndi aligorivimu cryptographic ndipo malingana ndi kiyi. Choncho, popanda kudziwa za chinsinsi kuwonjezera kapena kusintha mfundo kumakhala kovuta.
• Kutsimikizika - mudziwe kutsimikizika, ndi maphwando kutumiza ake ndi kulandira. Opatsirana mfundo kupyolera mu njira kulankhulana ayenera mwapadera wotsimikiziridwa okhutira, nthawi ya chilengedwe ndi kufala gwero ndi munthuyo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gwero kuwaopseza silingakhoze kokha kukhala tizilomboto, koma zipani nawo nzeru zambiri ndi kukhulupirira pang'ono mangawawo. Pofuna kupewa zikatero amagwiritsa ntchito CPS dongosolo timestamps chifukwa cholephela kuti adzathe umboni kapena mfundo zotsatilazi, ndi kusintha lamulo la ndondomeko yake.

• Wolemba - umboni ndipo sanali kukankha zokhudza anachita ndi mfundo wosuta. Njira ambiri kutsimikizira kuti ndi pakompyuta digito siginecha (EDS). EDS dongosolo tichipeza ma aligorivimu awiri: cholengedwa siginecha ndi chotsimikizira. Ndi ntchito katundu wa Mlaliki akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo mapulogalamu chitsimikizo kwa chilengedwe ndi kasamalidwe anasaina. malo awa akhoza akuyendera ngati palokha kwathunthu ku mkati kapangidwe CIPF njira. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti bungwe? Izi zikutanthauza kuti wotuluka onse kukonzedwa ndi anasaina amagetsi mbiri yabwino ndi mabungwe palokha ndipo counterfeiting wa olemba ndi zosatheka.

ma aligorivimu kubisa

Pakali pano, pakati CIPF ndi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi kubisa lotseguka ntchito makiyi ofananira ndi asymmetric ndi kutalika okwanira kuti kupereka chofunika cryptographic kwambiri. The ma aligorivimu ambiri:

• ofananira makiyi - Russian P-28147.89, AES, des, RC4;
• asymmetric makiyi - RSA;
• ntchito chete ntchito - P-34.11.94, MD4 / 5/6, akuti sha-1/2.

M'mayiko ambiri mfundo zawo national kwa ma aligorivimu kubisa. Mu United States ntchito kusinthidwa AES aligorivimu ndi kutalika chifungulo cha 128-256 Akamva ndi RF pakompyuta anasaina aligorivimu P-34.10.2001 ndi chipika cryptographic aligorivimu P 28147,89 ndi kiyi 256-bit. Ena zinthu kachitidwe dziko cryptographic akuletsedwa kuti zimagulitsidwa kunja kwa dzikoli, khama kukhala CIPF amafuna pulogalamuyo.

Hardware dongosolo kubisa

CIPF hardware - ndi chipangizo thupi, munali kubisa mapulogalamu, kujambula ndi kufala kwa zambiri. zipangizo kubisa akhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a zipangizo munthu, monga USB-encoders ruToken ndi IronKey abulusa kung'anima, matabwa kuwonjezeka kwa makompyuta, apadera masiwichi maukonde ndi routers, pa maziko amene n'zotheka kumanga kwathunthu otetezeka Intaneti kompyuta.

Hardware CIPF msanga anaika ndi opareshoni pa liwiro mkulu. Kuipa - mkulu poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu ndi fimuweya CIPF, mtengo ndi njira zochepa Mokweza.

Komanso, hardware ingakhale monga CPS mayunitsi anamanga mu zosiyanasiyana zipangizo kujambula ndi deta zofuna kubisa ndi womangika wodziwa zambiri. zipangizo zikuphatikizapo tachometers magalimoto, kukonza magawo a magalimoto, mitundu ina ya zipangizo zachipatala, etc. Kuti amalize ntchito m'magulu otere amafuna kutsegula osiyana CPS gawo katswiri katundu.

System mapulogalamu crypto

CPS pulogalamu - wapadera mapulogalamu phukusi kwa kubisa deta pa TV yosungirako (mwakhama ndi kung'anima abulusa, makadi kukumbukira, CD / DVD) ndi kufala kudzera intaneti (imelo, owona, ZOWONJEZERA, otetezeka malo, etc.). Pali mapulogalamu ambiri, Vol. H. Free, mwachitsanzo, DiskCryptor. Pakuti CPS mapulogalamu Mwina mulinso otetezeka Intaneti pafupifupi kufotokoza, ntchito "pamwamba pa» Internet (VPN), yowonjezera Internet HTTP protocol ndi HTTPS kubisa ndi SSL - cryptographic mudziwe kutengerapo protocol, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito IP-telephony ndi ntchito Internet kachitidwe.

CPS mapulogalamu zimagwiritsa ntchito pa Internet, makompyuta kunyumba ndi m'madera ena kumene dongosolo zofunika magwiridwe ndi durability si kwambiri. Kapena ngati momwe zinalili ndi Internet, pa nthawi imene muli ndi kulenga zosiyanasiyana aya otetezeka.

The hardware ndi mapulogalamu crypto

Chili mbali yabwino ya hardware ndi machitidwe mapulogalamu CIPF. Ichi ndi yodalirika ndiponso zinchito njira kulenga machitidwe otetezeka ndi kulumikiza deta. Iwo amathandiza Mabaibulo onse kutsimikizika wosuta, monga hardware (USB-kiyi kapena wanzeru khadi) ndi "chikhalidwe" - lolowera achinsinsi. CIPF fimuweya amathandiza onse panopa kubisa ma aligorivimu, mukhale ndi zazikulu mbali polenga otetezeka chikalata ofotokoza pakompyuta siginecha, zikalata zonse chofunika boma. Unsembe imagwiridwa ndi woyenera ndodo mapulogalamu CIPF.

"CRYPTO-ovomereza» kampani

Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Russian msika cryptographic. Kampaniyi ndiyo kukhala uthunthu wonse wa mapulogalamu chitetezo mudziwe ntchito digito siginecha pa maziko a mayiko Russian ma aligorivimu cryptographic.

mapulogalamu kampani ntchito chikalata pakompyuta mabungwe malonda ndi boma yobereka la mlandu ndi malipoti msonkho, zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu m'matauni ndi zachuma, ndi zina zotero. d. Kampani yomwe inakhazikitsidwa CryptoPro ziphatso oposa 3 miliyoni. chifukwa pulogalamu CSP ndi ziphatso 700 kwa zikalata malo. "Crypto-ovomereza" amapereka kutukula polumikizira kwa embedding zinthu cryptographic chitetezo awo mankhwala mapulogalamu ndi amapereka uthunthu wonse akufunsira ntchito kwa chilengedwe cha CIPF.

crypto Crypto

Kukhala CryptoPro CSP ntchito anamanga-wosamalira Windows Cryptographic Zomangamanga Cryptographic Service opaleshoni dongosolo. zomangamanga The limakupatsani kulumikiza zina zigawo palokha kuti litsatira chofunika ma aligorivimu kubisa. Ntchito zigawo kuthamanga kudutsa CryptoAPI ntchito, chitetezo cryptographic angachichite onse mapulogalamu ndi hardware CIPF.

makiyi media

Various akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga payekha kiyi hardware, monga:

• makadi anzeru ndi owerenga;
• maloko pakompyuta ndi kuwerenga ntchito ndi zipangizo Kukhudza Memory;
• zosiyanasiyana USB-makiyi ndi zochotseka USB-abulusa;
• owona Windows kaundula, Solaris, Linux.

ntchito Cryptographic

CryptoPro CSP FAGCI kwathunthu mbiri yabwino ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

1. Kuonetsetsa n'loonadi ndi chilolezo cha zikalata zamagetsi mwa chilengedwe ndi kutsimikizira siginecha pakompyuta malinga ndi mfundo Russian wa kubisa.

2. Complete chinsinsi, lodalirika, kukhulupirika ndi deta ndi encrypting ndi chitetezo imitative mogwirizana ndi mfundo Russian kubisa ndi TLS protocol.

3. kasamalidwe ndi kuyan'anila umphumphu wa kachidindo pulogalamu kuteteza mwayi wosaloleka ndi kusintha.

4. Kupanga dongosolo chitetezo lamulo.