Cholinga - izi ndi ... kulankhula cholinga

Pokonzekera kulankhula pa msonkhano kapena Ataganiza kulemba buku monga kukambirana ndi bwenzi lanu za chinthu chinachake chofunika, ife tikuganizira za cholinga kutanthauza kuchita loterolo. Pakati ndondomeko kapena mukufuna kukwaniritsa amatchedwa cholinga. Mwina anafotokoza bwino ndipo angathe kubisala kuya kwa chikomokere, amene kumaonekera kukopa kuti dera.

Kubadwa kwa maganizo

Intension odzipereka mfundozo waukulu ankaonetsetsa zomwe anapambulwa maganizo (mwadala) ndi kukhalako kwenikweni kwa chinthu. Mu Middle Ages kuti ankakhulupirira kuti sangathe nkhani cognition popanda kusokoneza izo. Chikhalidwe cha cholinga cha kukangana Foma Akvinsky. Iye analankhula za mapangidwe zolinga zokhudza nzeru amadziwa nkhaniyi. Mu XIX atumwi ndi dzanja kuwala zamaganizo Franz Brentano mfundo wapeza moyo watsopano. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti chikumbumtima ndi dala, kuti walangizidwa zimene kunja kwa iye. M'mawu ena, lingaliro amabweretsa tanthauzo la kutsitsimuka. Asayansi A. Meinong ndi Husserl anayamba ntchito zawo za sayansi ndi njira zosiyana kudziwa n'cholinga chakuti m'tsogolo kukhudzanso angapo malangizo zamaganizo (Gestalt kuwerenga maganizo, personalism, ndi zina zotero). Wina nzeru zapamwamba - Heidegger - kaphatikizidwe chisamaliro ndi intentionality, kukhulupirira kuti pali kugwirizana nacho pakati pawo. Iye anati "munthu wokhalapo wake - munthu amene amasamala kukhala." Ngati munthu amalephera awo "kukhala", amalakatika mphamvu.

Cholinga - ndi chiyani ichi?

Pali mawu akuti "cholinga" mfundo. The yoyamba ikufotokoza kuti "cholinga cha chikumbu mtima pa nkhaniyi." Ndi dala monga chidziwitso, maganizo, angalimbikitsire, ndi njira zina maganizo, monga maganizo ndi malingaliro a nkhani angakhale osiyana. Chinthu zolinga atha kulibe, akhoza anayambitsa yatanthauzo kapena chotheka. Kutanthauzira lachiwiri la "cholinga" cha chiphunzitso cha kuperekedwa monga "kuganizira cholinga," kapena dongosolo chandamale cha kanthu.

Cholinga mu zamaganizo

Mu sayansi, mawuwa amanena za cholinga mkati mwa kutsitsimuka pa weniweni kapena zopeka chinthu, komanso kukonza, amapereka tanthauzo zinachitikira. Cholinga - ichi ndi luso munthu amatha kutenga nawo mbali pa zochitika za tsiku, kusintha okha. Mbali imodzi ya mfundo ndi kutha kuzindikira chinthu ku kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi mphamvu cikole. Mwachitsanzo, poganizira malo monga chilimwe achisangalalo banja, munthu kwambiri tikuyidziwa nkhani monga chitonthozo, zipangizo, yopuma m'deralo. Ngati katundu chomwecho ndi munthu yemweyo anagula, izo ziyenera chidwi kufunika kwa ndalama ndi khalidwe la nyumba. Cholinga - ichi ndi kubadwa kwa kulumikiza pafupi ndi dzikoli. Mu zovuta amaonera zinthu, anthu aphunzira kuwononga ubwenzi bola mpaka wokonzeka kumvetsa vuto.

Psychotherapeutic Frankl

Cholinga mu kuwerenga maganizo ukufanizidwa ndi, akamanena za chomwe akusewera munthu wa mantha kapena gwero lachisokonezo mu vuto yovuta. Phwando udaikidwa ndi zamaganizo V. Frankl mu 1927 ndipo mpaka pano lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuchita. njira imatchedwa - cholinga paradoxical. Mwachitsanzo, moyo wa akazi, amene nthawi zambiri tikupeza ubwenzi. Dokotala akuwalimbikitsa kukangana monga mokweza ngati n'kotheka ndi zambiri maganizo, motero zinthu zosasangalatsa amakhala inatheka. Chitsanzo china: wophunzira ndi kuopa ulaliki ndi kunjenjemera. Mu njira imeneyi, iwo akufuna kuyamba kunjenjemera kwambiri, motero kuchotsa maganizo. Njira paradoxical cholinga kungayambitse zotsatira ziwiri: kanthu kapena zinthu zimathera kukhala kowawa ndipo ankakwiya kwambiri, kapena kusintha chidwi longoponyapo kubwezeretsa zinachitikira kumachepetsa amadza zawo zoipa.

Akamanena za njira psychotherapeutic

Paradoxical cholinga za limagwirira wodzilamulira kuchotsa ndondomeko, amene amalola munthu kuti vuto ndi zosasangalatsa. Phwando inamangidwa pa anthufe timafuna kwambiri wosonyeza kapena munthu wina anachita (vuto lawo ndi mantha) kuti ankaopa. paradoxical cholinga njira ntchito mwakhama misala. Makamaka ndi ogwira pamene zinaphatikizidwa kuti nthabwala. Mantha - ndi anachita lofuna mavuto oopsa, ndipo ngati munthu palokha adzayang'ana kwa iwo ndipo mudzatha kuchita ndi mantha, ndi maganizo olakwika idzapita posachedwa.

akufuna kulankhula

Mu zilankhulo, cholinga cha - ndi siteji koyamba mawu kubadwa, kenako zolinga, mkati ndi katchulidwe ka mawu. Ndi kuganizira mfundo zogwirizana ndi matanthauzo konkire kulankhula, amene afotokozedwa mu ndondomeko kulankhulana. Kulankhula cholinga (m'lingaliro yotakata) - ndi maphatikizidwe Chosowa, zolinga ndi zolinga palimodzi, chimene aumbike mwa uthenga pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolankhulirana. M'njira kuchepera, akuti imatengedwa ngati utumiki wothandiza ndi merges ndi mfundo illocutionary kuchita. Doctor wa Philology Ni Formanovskaya amaona cholinga monga dongosolo kumanga m'njira zina, mawonekedwe, kalembedwe.

The vuto kuphunzira mawu ndi chinthu kuyesa wapadera zambiri anangotengeka ndi zolinga kulankhula. mauthenga Voice zonse ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana owonjezera zinenero zosiyanasiyana, moti aliyense, ngakhale mawu osavuta ndi multidimensional. Ulaliki ndi volitional khazikitsa ndi kukhudza munthuyo. Pali mfundo kulankhula cholinga akukulangani, lomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya kulankhulana. Zinaonekera zoipa, amene angathe kusintha nkhani mu malangizo otsutsana.

Tanthauzo la mauthenga mawu. mitundu zolinga

Kupeza cholinga kunena za addressee laperekedwa bwanawe ubwenzi. Pali osiyana kufanizitsa zolinga illocutionary. Mwachitsanzo, Pulofesa E. A. Krasina zachitika cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Ochangamuka cholinga m'kukoma asanauzidwe "kunena mmene zinthu zikuyendera." The zambiri ntchito mawu "Lipoti", "kuvomereza," ndipo ena.
2. Komissivnaya timakhala ndi ntchito "ziyenera wolankhulayo kuchita chinachake." Pankhaniyi, zambiri timati "lonjezo," "chitsimikizo" ndi zina zotero.
3. Prescriptive chandamale zikutanthauza pofuna "angapemphe munthu wina kuti achite chinachake." mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo akuti "kufunsa", "ndi bwino", "lamulo", ndipo ena.
4. Declarative ali ntchito "kusintha dziko." Nthawi zambiri ntchito mawu a kuzindikira, chiweruzo, kukhululuka anangotchula.
5. Limaonetseratu cholinga kofunafuna "kufotokoza maganizo olakwika za mmene zinthu zilili." Pankhaniyi, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau "pepani", "pepani", "olandiridwa" ndi zina zotero.

Akatswiri ena ndi akatswiri a zinenero kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya zolinga. Woyamba ukuimira lathu la malingaliro a munthu weniweni ozungulira ndi cholinga kutengera, kuphunzira, fotokozani. Mtundu uwu wa chodabwitsa amatchedwa chidziwitso. cholinga kulankhula Cholinga cha chikumbumtima kukwaniritsa zolinga wopita zimene munthu amalowa kukambirana, kapena kwa iye.

Lembalo ndi cholinga cha

Polemba buku kapena nkhani wolemba zachokera ambiri lingaliro amene anafotokozedwa yokha. Lingaliro la mankhwala lili ndi dzina la "cholinga mlembi." Yonseyi mawu ndi zolinga za wolemba akufotokoza zidzakhalira wolemba. Pakuti zophiphiritsa zake ntchito malingaliro monga chithunzi ndi chitsanzo cha dziko, lingaliro amazionera, fano la wolemba, ndi modality malemba ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, fano aumbike mwa wolemba maganizo ake za zinthu zina za moyo, chifaniziro cha owerenga ndi chikhalidwe, komanso gulu ndi zinenero dongosolo la malemba. mtima wolemba kuti zinthu nzeru ya anthu ena ndi zochitika kupanga "chitsanzo dziko" limene lilibe kuonetseredwa kwa zochitika cholinga. Choncho, tinganene kuti maganizo a wolemba akhala zikutsatiridwa ndi asamalira kanthu ntchito ndi dzanja limodzi lokha. wowerenga nazonso anapanga lingaliro lake la chilengedwe cha wolemba.

chidziwitso Generalizing

Kwa umunthu lonse amakhala ndi njira payekha kuti dziko, chigawo gwero umene uli zinachitikira vuto lawo, ndi chinyezimiro cha kukhudzidwa akuwuka mu zithunzi ziwalo, komanso kubadwa kwa dongosolo umalimbana kusamala ndi chitukuko anthu. Pakuti kukhazikitsa bwino dongosolo ayenera kukhala ndi mtima munthu, cholinga cha munthu. Muziganizira zotsatira, kusanthula zochita zofunika ndi mastepi ofunika kukwaniritsa kufunika. Ndi mwayi reformulate maganizo awo ndi zinthu vuto akutsegula chitseko ku moyo wamtendere ndi woyera bwino.