Chiwerengero cha ntchito ndalama. Chiopsezo ziyenera a polojekiti ndalama. I kwa aziona ntchito ndalama

Bizinezi chitukuko amafunika wazamalonda luso kukopa ndalama. Kodi izo, angathe kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. Koma nthawi zambiri, chigamulo Investor pa kaya kuti aganyali kapena ayi mu malonda makamaka adzakhala potengera kusanthula ufulu kuwunika ka ziyembekezo za ntchito ina yapadera. Kodi ndi muyezo akhoza nawo?

Kuphweka ndi kuvuta

Chiwerengero cha ntchito ndalama, ngati akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira, pa dzanja limodzi, chikugwirizana ndi malingaliro multifactor kafukufuku malonda. Pa nthawi yomweyo, akhoza n'komwe osati katundu wa lingaliro, komanso zinthu zina - .. zinthu Market, zochitika zandale, etc. The chikoka cha polojekiti ndalama akhoza kusanthula ku mawonedwe a wazamalonda umunthu ndi mlingo wa kukhwima kwa dongosolo la zachuma. Komano, akamanena za maphunziro zogwirizana zambiri okha kuyankha ya mafunso ophweka: ngati polojekiti lipindulitsa, momwe, ndipo pamene kuyembekezera mumapeza?

i Universal kuti adzalola kuti bwino amaonetsera zimene zimachititsa bwanji Kupenda bwino kwambiri pa profitability tsogolo la kanthu malonda, ngakhale mwa ndalama akatswiri sizinachitike anatulukira. Komabe, zipangizo zimene ziyenera Mkhalidwe kusanthula ntchito ndalama zosiyana njira yeniyeni idzachitika, lilipo. ndi muyezo umene ndalama ano amapenda chiyembekezo cha malingaliro bizinesi chiyani?

i Ofunika

Choyamba, izo anaŵerengera kuti kusonyeza Mwachangu chuma ndalama. The "chilinganizo", applicable potaya ziwerengero zenizeni pa muyezo ichi, pali zofunikira ziwiri "zosintha" - Msungidwe lenileni ndi phindu pachaka (nthawizina m'kukoma profitability, ie, kuchuluka). Nthawi zina, i kuti aziona ntchito ndalama mu "chilinganizo" ali lowonjezera ndi zinthu monga nyengo payback. Ndiko kunena kuti ngati Mwachitsanzo, chaka choyamba cha bizinesi, Investor akhoza kufuna kudziwa momwe miyezi yambiri polojekiti osachepera kubwera kwa "ziro". Ambiri tinganene kuti njira za kuwunika ntchito ndalama zogwirizana ndi nthawi china. Kusanthula ya zofunika kwambiri kwa mfundo chuma view, akugwirizana ndi correlative ndi nthawi yapadera.

Ngati tikulingalira muyezo chifukwa aziona ntchito ndalama omwe poyerekezera ndi nthawi, mwatsatanetsatane, n'zotheka kudziwa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• khoka pano mtengo;
• ndi kusinthidwa mlingo mkati adzabweranso;
• mlingo zambiri, ndipo zosonyezera profitability.

Kodi ubwino wa mfundo zimenezo? Pafupifupi onse milandu, ndi Investor amalandira streamlined digito chizindikiro zomwe tikhonza kulola sranivat ntchito angapo angathe.

The mulingo woyenera malonda chitsanzo

Kuwerengetsa "zosintha" mu ulemu wa "chilinganizo" kuti takupatsani pamwamba, kapena ofanana, ndi Investor adzayesa Kuganizira, poyamba pa zonse, akufuna ntchito chitsanzo wazamalonda. Kuti ndi kuliphunzira pamaso pa njira zimene amatha otaya Napempha kwa ndalama mu nyengo ya Cholinga cha Investor ndi mabungwe ena. Mfundo za mumayesto ntchito ndalama lagona pa mbali ya chitsanzo ntchito, zochokera ntchito njira yapadera kuwerengetsa zizindikiro kiyi ntchito. Tiyeni tione iwo.

mawerengedwe zizindikiro

Zochita za mawerengedwe a zizindikiro, monga ulamuliro, ikuchitika ntchito njira discounting. Kuti, anatenga kukula kwa pafupifupi zolemeletsedwa likulu, kapena, ngati ili ndi abwino kwambiri pa maganizo a za chitsanzo malonda, ambiri msika zipatso ogwira ntchito zofanana. Pali discounting njira yochokera mitengo banki. Imene ikuchitika ndi kufanana kwa profitability polojekiti, monga njira ndi zokolola pamene kuwayika ndalama zofanana mu gawo banki. Childs, monga zizindikiro potaya mphamvu ya ntchito ndalama komanso kuganizira kufufuma kapena pafupi ndi njira zake, kunyezimiritsa depreciation lofunika kwambiri kwa chuma ndi Investor a.

Tiyeni tsopano asiye chiphunzitso kuchita. Taganizirani mmene aziona ntchito ndalama ikuchitika pa chitsanzo cha ena mwa kukhudzana anasankha pamwamba muyezo. Timayamba ndi nthawi payback. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro chinsinsi amene adaperekeza aziona ntchito ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, i ena awiri poyerekeza mundondomeko ntchito zofanana, zokonda kawirikawiri anapatsidwa kumene ndalama adzapita mofulumira "kuti ziro."

Analysis payback

muyezo Izi - ndi nthawi imeneyi pakati pa nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa polojekiti malonda (kapena chuma Investor tranche ndalama) ndi zochitika fixation, pamene chiwerengero cha anapeza phindu ukonde liri buku okwana ndalama. Akatswiri ena kuwonjezera wina chikhalidwe - masiku malonda linanena bungwe "ziro" ayenera wene. Ndiko kuti, ngati wina wa miyezi pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito anapitiriza zasungidwa kukhala ndalama ofanana ndipo patapita kanthawi kachiwiri ndalama zambiri kuposa ndalama, nyengo payback si lokhazikika. Komabe, pali akatswiri, osati kuganizira muyezo kapena kuganizira mbali ya mitunduyi zovuta ndi zambiri zinthu.

Nthawi zina, ndalama amavomereza kusankha zabwino pa maziko a zotsatira za kuwunika nyengo payback? Akatswiri kudziwa milandu ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, ngati malumikizanidwe ndi nthawi phindu wofanana kapena ofanana ndi osachepera mlingo kuchotsera pa maziko ndi annualized, lidzakhala lilipo mchaka miyezi zosakwana 12. Ndiko, ndi kulankhula, ngati miyezi 10 polojekiti ndi Investor adzalandira profitability 15%, wofanana 15% pa annum ku banki, iye amakonda aganyali ntchito, inu kutsegula chuma kuti miyezi yotsala 2 mu amasulidwe likulu kuti aganyali kuda zambiri a. Kachiwiri, chigamulo aganyali mu ntchito, akhoza analandira ngati Investor wapeza yovomerezedwa payback nthawi, malinga ziyenera a kuopsa kwa polojekiti ndalama si kudziwa zinthu zimene zingakhudze kuchepa profitability. Zikatero ali makamaka khalidwe la chuma ndi kufufuma otsika ndi otsika osakhalitsa a mlingo kuwombola (ndipo choncho ochepa a madipoziti banki) - ndiye ndalama zambiri wofunitsitsa kuganizira pakuika ntchito kwenikweni, kumvetsera kwambiri osati profitability, komanso mavuto.

Komabe, kufufuza ntchito ndalama wotuluka okha ku nthawi payback sikokwanira. Makamaka chifukwa mu nkhani iyi si n'komwe phindu kuti akhoza kuwapeza pambuyo revenues upambana ndalama. Ndi kulankhula zimenezi zikhoza kuchitika kuti Investor adzalandira 15% ndipo pochoka ndalama, aphonya mwayi kupeza zina 30% pa chaka chamawa.

Net mtengo pano

Monga tidanena pamwamba, ntchito kufufuza ntchito ndalama monga muyezo monga mtengo ukonde pano. Akuimira kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wa sikhala kukula ndi ndalama koyamba ndalama ku ntchito. Ndiko kuti, izo zimanyezimiritsa mmene achuluke likulu okwana kampaniyo. The Investor adzapereka mmalo ntchito, imene ukonde pano mtengo kwa mlingo wofanana wa chiopsezo ndi pa yemweyo nthawi imeneyi chikuyembekezeka pamwamba. Pankhaniyi, nthawi payback sangathe amaonanso konse (ngakhale sali zambiri).

IRR

Zizindikiro pamwamba pa ndalama ntchito yayendera nthawi zambiri wodzilemekeza ndi muyezo monga mlingo mkati adzabweranso. Ubwino waukulu wa chida ichi kuti phindu Investor akhoza kuchita masamu popanda kutenga nkhani mlingo kuchotsera. Kodi izi ndi zotheka? chakuti mawonekedwe a mkati mwa zokolola akuyenera zikugwirizana kuti mlingo chomwecho kuchotsera, koma pa nthawi yomweyo mtengo wa ndalama ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi kukula kwa ndalama. Ndi kulankhula, ndi Investor, popeza padera mu ntchito 100 zikwi. Rubles, otsimikiza kuti osachepera yofanana adzalandira patapita nthaŵi inayake, komanso "umafunika", kukonza pa maziko a mlingo kuchotsera.

Ulamuliro kusinthidwa

Kufufuza chikoka ndalama za polojekiti ikhoza wodzilemekeza ndi muyezo monga kusinthidwa mlingo mkati adzabweranso. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukachitika kuti Mwachitsanzo, ukonde pano mtengo ndi zoipa (osachepera mlingo kuchotsera), ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zina zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, ochiritsira mkati mlingo adzabweranso. Ndiko, ndi kuyankhula, ndi Investor, pakuika 100 zikwi. Rubles yeniyeni nthawi, kubwerera iwo umafunika 15% pambuyo pa miyezi 10 ya malonda, koma patapita miyezi 24, ndi profitability wonse wa ogwira ntchito ndi 1-2%. Pankhaniyi, izo zimakhala zofunika kusintha zokolola mkati, zochokera nthawi pamene anapeza ali osakwanira kukumana muyezo mogwirizana ndi mlingo kuchotsera, ndi imfa ukonde wa fixation. Investor, kotero ndikofunika kudziwa: mwina ndi bwino kuti aganyali 100 zikwi rubles kwa zikhalidwe za kubwerera, ndi chidwi pa miyezi 10 ndi 15 zikwi belo kuposa ndalama mwachindunji kupezeka kwa miyezi 24 kuti apeze rubles 1-2 kokha zikwi ....

profitability index

Economic aziona ntchito ndalama, monga ulamuliro, anafuna kuti monga mu kusanthula chotero muyezo ngati ndi index wa profitability. Izi zimathandiza kuti kudziwa kuchuluka apeza, pafupifupi onse ndalama (kapena ngati likulu onse a kampani yake) anafika patapita nthaŵi inayake, zochokera kuchuluka choyambirira cha ndalama anatumiza.

i Mkhalidwe

Tafotokoza zomveka, i kachulukidwe kuti mukhoza kupanga kuwunika chuma cha polojekiti ndalama. Pali Komabe komanso magawo Mkhalidwe. Iwo kovuta kuchuluka (ngakhale mu zinthu zina, Tionanso). Koma amachita n'kofunika kuposa "chilinganizo" kuti kuganizira magawo tinaphunzira pamwamba. Zimene i tingalankhule? Akatswiri apeza kuika zotsatirazi wa iwo.

Choyamba, kuphunzira ntchito malonda ayenera moyenera, kuganizira zinthu cholinga cha msika, kukakomana ndi zolinga ananena. Kachiwiri, zolinga ndi zoyembezereka za wazamalonda ayenera chokwanira zomwe zilipo - anthu ogwira ntchito, katundu mapulani magwero a ndalama. Chachitatu, kuonedwa mu digiri bwino ziyenera Mkhalidwe wa kuopsa kwa polojekiti ndalama. Chachinayi, kampani ayenera kuwerengetsa zotsatira zotheka kwa kukhazikitsa bizinesi initsativy pa malo osakhala zachuma - anthu, ndale pa mlingo wa dera kapena boma, malo, kudziwa zotsatira za kutentha.

zinthu profitability

Ndipotu, ali manambala kuti mmalo mwa "chilinganizo" kwa kudziwa mfundo zomveka, pa maziko a sipangakhalenso imawunikidwa chikoka ndalama za polojekiti? magwero Data akhoza kukhala ambiri. Yesetsani kudziwa zimene zikhoza kukhala chikhalidwe chawo. Akatswiri magulu awiri aakulu a zinthu zimene zimakhudza "zosintha" kuti "Njira" kuchitila phokoso - amene bwanji kuchuluka kwa phindu, ndipo amene bwanji ndalama. Komabe, gulu ili ndi gawo la akusinthasintha kuti munthu ndi chinthu chomwecho angathe kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ndalama ya kampani ndi pa nthawi yomweyo kusokoneza ntchito kwa ina. Chitsanzo yosavuta - ndi ruble. kukula bwino kwambiri Waogula Zinthu Kunja - revenues awo mu Russian ndalama national ikukula. Nayenso Ogula zakunja ankafunika kwambiri overpay. Kuwonjezera malonda ndalama, kodi zinthu zina zingathe kupereka chitsanzo?

Izi zikhoza kukhala ponso kapena kuchepa mu mphamvu mu gawo makamaka a msika, ndi chifukwa, malonda mabuku zingawonjezere kapena kuchepa. Monga ulamuliro, ichi ndi chifukwa zikamera wa osewera atsopano mu makampani, Kuphatikizana, KUSOWA, etc., nthawi zina - .. mfundo Public. Chinthu china chimene - kuwonjezeka ndalama chifukwa kufufuma wa kampani, kusintha bata msika wa makampani ndi kampani. Komanso chitsanzo ndi zotsatira za njira zamakono - kumayambiriro katundu wina malonda kapena kupanga akhoza kwambiri bwanji wonse kukula ndalama mu malonda. Monga ulamuliro, zida atsopano inali yoti kuchepetsa kuzungulira sayansi. Chifukwa cha - katundu kufika msika mofulumira. Kufufuza ndalama ndalama za polojekiti ndi bwino mafakitale m'munsi mwina kuposa zimene zimaphatikizapo ntchito, ngakhale odalirika, koma ndiwofatsa zambiri mwa mawu a mphamvu ya yopanga katundu zida.

i zina

Palinso zizindikiro za aziona ntchito ndalama, amene alibe chuma chokha mu chilengedwe, monga n'zochokera, pamlingo kwambiri pa mfundo mlandu. Ie anaphunzira mmene bwino kumalo a ntchito zolembedwa nthawi zonse kuunikira ndi kukonzanso kusanthula mtengo wa katundu mapulani mmene ogwira mayendedwe kusintha mkati mwa kampani ndi mabungwe okondedwa, nyumba boma.

N'zothekanso chuma aziona ntchito ndalama pa mlingo zazikulu. Kuti pali ndi kusanthula osakaniza zinthu, zomwe zingakhudze ziyembekezo za bizinesi, zochokera vuto la msika waukulu kapena padziko lonse. Nthawi zina, n'komwe za malamulo makamaka. Ndiko kuti, ngati Mwachitsanzo, pa mlingo wa magwero a lamulo pa mlingo boma kungakhale tsankho kukonzedwa mu mbali ya malamulo miyambo (mwachitsanzo, loletsa pa tanthauzo la mankhwala ena ochokera m'mayiko), ndi Investor akhoza kupeza nzeru aganyali mu malonda amenewa, ngakhale zimene pafupifupi mtengo-moyenerera ndiponso profitability ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri.

Angathe kuchitidwa osati kuwunika chuma cha polojekiti ndalama, komanso, mwachitsanzo, kusanthula mwini munthu wa malonda pa mlingo wa zamaganizo ndi kugwirizana ake, malangizo wa osewera ena msika. The zosinthika, pamene Investor wasankha pa maziko a paubwenzi ndi munthu amene amaona ngati woyenera nawo ntchito.

Ndi zotheka, pamene chiyembekezo ndalama adzakhala ayesedwa zochokera malangizo a ophunzira ena msika, masanjidwe makampani, nthawi pamaso pa mtundu ndi mabwana kampani pa TV. Ngati ndi ndalama lalikulu - ndi Investor zimatanthauza munthu njira Integrated mu ziyenera a polojekiti ndalama.