Chitoliro - lakale choimbira

Chitoliro - mtengo mphepo nyimbo zoimbira, ndi chimodzi cha wamkulu padziko lapansi. Ndipo ndithu, zitoliro, osati ngati lero, panali kwambiri, nthawi yayitali. Kufikira tsopano, m'midzi, mukhoza kukumana ndi anthu amene kwa maminiti ochepa akhoza kupanga chitoliro wosazindikira nkhuni akufa, monga momwe Adachitidwira zaka zikwizikwi zapitazo. Zitoliro imafalitsidwa padziko lonse ndipo ankavala mayina osiyanasiyana.

Kodi zachilendo?

Monga ulamuliro, mau a zida mphepo lachokera ntchito ndodo kapena bango, koma osati mu nkhani zitoliro. Mu nyimbo wake wobadwa chakuti otaya mpweya Kadulidwa mu theka. Mu mitundu ina ya zitoliro ndi malikhweru, anakonza chimodzimodzi monga ochiritsira masewera wenzulo ndi chitoliro player ndiye chabe kupereka mpweya ndi kusewera. Ngati wenzulo si woyimba yekha azichita mpweya kotero kuti kuligaŵa pa mzere. limagwirira akuyendera oimba zitoliro, komanso anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, Japanese (shakuhachi).

mitundu ya zitoliro

Monga ulamuliro, anthu zosiyanasiyana zitoliro anali kotenga, ndiye pamene masewera anakakhala pansi vertically. Nthawi zambiri ano ndi wenzulo (Choncho dzina svistkovyh banja). Izi zikhoza monga Irish malata wenzulo, Asilavo chitoliro, chitoliro ndi ocarina. Iwo onse ndi makhalidwe awo, koma zovuta kwambiri mawu a njira ndi matepi. Iwo mbali yaikulu, poyerekeza ndi ena osiyanasiyana, ndipo osati womangidwa kwa mawu enieni (mwachitsanzo, tini wenzulo akhoza kuimba yekha mu njira ina, ndipo oimba ndi kusintha wenzulo pang'ono kuchokera nyimbo nyimbo).

Wolemba ali mabowo asanu kutsogolo ndipo wina kumbuyo. Poyankha, pali mitundu zojambulira kugwirizana ndi uthunthu: yoimba, ndondomeko, Alto, woimba ndi sopranino. kusewera njira iwo ndi ofanana, koma kuti yosiyana ndi ukuwonjezeka ndi kucheperachepera kukula kwa chida osiyanasiyana. Mpaka 18 m'ma blofkleyta ntchito m'gulu, koma chaposedwa ndi chitoliro yopingasa, umene uli kulira mokweza ndi yowala osiyanasiyana lalikulu.

chifukwa oketsra

Kusewera loimba ntchito, monga ulamuliro, yopingasa chitoliro, ngati executable sikutanthauza wina (mwachitsanzo, zidutswa kwa wolemba). uthunthu wake wa pa atatu octaves, kuyambira wamng'ono octave B ndi kutha kuona F-lakuthwa mu octave chachinayi. Mapepala nyimbo chitoliro zinalembedwa clef treble. Nyimboyi ndi osiyana: ena kuzimiririka, kunong'onezana mu pansi, yomveka bwino ndiponso mandala, pafupifupi mokweza, chonyenga ... mu chapamwamba yopingasa chitoliro - ndi choimbira, amene ntchito mu nthetemya ndi mphepo oimba, ndipo kawirikawiri ensembles zosiyanasiyana chipinda. Oyambirira yopingasa chitoliro anapezeka mu zana lachisanu BC, mu imodzi ya m'manda a ku China.

Woyamba kusintha kwambiri kapangidwe anapangidwa nyengo Baroque. M'zaka za m'ma 18 ndi yopingasa chitoliro kapangidwe anayamba kupikisana wolemba zochitika, ntchito oimba, ndiyeno kwathunthu kuimirira iwo. Koma ndi zaka mazana makumi awiri inasanduka zida ambiri amapangidwa ndi zitsulo.

chitoliro nyimbo zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri: kawirikawiri anachita solos loimba, ndi zidutswa ambiri amafuna flutist kuchita maluso akuluakulu. Pali mitundu ingapo unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka m'kaundula: yoimba chitoliro, Alto zitoliro ndi piccolo zina zochepa wamba. Chidwi mfundo: mmodzi wa masewero a kovuta kwambiri ndi Mozart wotchedwa "The Magic chitoliro".

Molunjika ku Greece

Pali mitundu ina kuti ndi dzina wokongola "Syrinx". Syrinx (chitoliro) - ndi choimbira cha Agiriki akale, amene yogwirizana kwambiri kotenga chitoliro ano. Iye nkomwe mu Iliad. Panali limodzi ndi Mipikisano barreled Syringa (yotsirizira anadzatchedwa "chitoliro Pan"). Monga ulamuliro, Chirasha liwu limene linamasuliridwa kuti "bango". abusa akale ndi anthu wamba ayerera nthawi yawo yonse yopuma kusewera Syrinx, komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana za nyimbo limodzi siteji kanthu.

Pan chitoliro - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zida wowerengeka mphepo. Ndi kachitidwe ka machubu kutalika osiyana, lotseguka kumapeto wina ndi kutsekedwa pa ena. chida ichi ndi ankaimba yekha mu njira ina, koma kulira ndi bwino kuti pafupifupi aliyense: wotchuka nyimbo ya chitoliro "The Lonely Mbusa" amachitidwa pa chitoliro wa Pan.

Pakati pa anthu ena

zida mphepo anali ubiquitous. Mu China, panali yopingasa chitoliro di, womwe wapangidwa osati kuchokera nzimbe miyambo ndi nsungwi, koma nthawi zina ngakhale a mwala, makamaka yade.

Pali chitoliro yopingasa ndi Ireland, ndi dzina labwino - achi Irish chitoliro - ndipo makamaka kwake "dongosolo langwiro" pamene mabowo (okwana asanu) sali mavavu chatsekedwa.

Mu America South wamba kotenga chitoliro Ken, nthawi zambiri ndi dongosolo la G (mchere).

Russian woodwinds chitoliro akupereka chitoliro zimenezi osakwatiwa-mbiya ndi iwiri barreled, nozzles, ndipo mtundu wa dera Kursk - pyzhatka.

Kuposa chida losavuta ndi ocarina. Linapangidwa makamaka dongo ndipo unachita lalikulu mu nyimbo ya China wakale ndi mbewu zina. Mabuku akale kwambiri ocarinas anapeza zinthu zakale ndi zaka 12,000.