Wambiri Bach mwachidule: lotopetsa moyo wa woimba wa

Music, amene analengedwa ndi Wolemba Bach - chimodzi chovuta kwambiri m'chilengedwe chonse. Koma chete moyo wa Mlengi wake anali ayi. Wambiri ya Bach, mwachidule amene anapereka apa, akuti pafupifupi zaka za moyo wobvutika pa msewu, pa utumiki wa anthu wovuta kutsatira malamulo ndi kukana latsopano. Choyambirira fano la Mlengi wa masautso, Passacaglia, clavier wokhulupirira motets wosatha, oratorios, cantatas, Brandenburg Concertos, amayamba kutsegula kuyamika namatetule wina nyimbo - Mendelssohn.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Mu Thuringia nthaka m'banja la oimba anabadwa mwana chitatu, kubatizidwa mu dzina la Johann Sebastian, yemwe anali ndi dzina lachilendo, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "Stream". Koma kwenikweni, palibe akudziwa - ikufotokozera za mbiri ya Bach, mwachidule amene pano - zimene dziko lapansi latsopano nyanja. Makolo anafa mmodzi, pamene mwana anali ndi zaka 9. amalume ake anamubweretsera, komanso woyimba. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale pa fifitini, Johann anasamukira ku Lüneburg, kumene anaphunzitsidwa nyimbo pa tchalitchi cha Lutheran cha St. Michael.

Arnstadt ndi Muehlhause

Komabe, pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake pasanathe chaka Bach ntchito ku Weimar bwalo woimba wa Duke Johann Ernst. Koma ndiye iye anapatsidwa limba ndi mutu wa kwaya zoimbira Arnshadte kuti ndi ulemu kwa woimba wamng'ono. Nthawi imeneyi analenga ntchito kwa chiwalo. Panali woyamba anachita cantata wa zikuchokera wake. Pali udaikidwa ndi passacaglia wotchuka, pambuyo ulendo Lubeck, kuti makalata ake aphunzitsi, Iye adzalenga Patapita zaka khumi. Kwa zaka zitatu mu Arnstadt dzipulumutse Iogann Sebastian anasonyeza olimba ndi okhalitsa mu chikhalidwe, kuteteza zonena zawo monga Wolemba wina, amene poyamba anaitanidwa ku mpingo kuimba mu mpingo kwaya mkazi, malinga ndi zimene atsogoleri awo, anali atakwatirana ndi nyimbo mpingo.

Mu 1706 yonena za Bach, mwachidule zomwe chafotokozedwa pano, akuchita wina wozungulira - anapita Muehlhause pa Mpingo wa St. Blaise, kumene akufuna ndipo malo abwino ndi malipiro abwino .. Apa iye losangalala Maria Barbara. Apa ndi cantata wake woyamba linasindikizidwa. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali m'tauni ya Wolemba si anachedwa monga sanathe kuchita. Patatha chaka chimodzi masamba.

Weimar - zaka zisanu ndi zinayi za moyo wake (1708-1717)

Apa iye amapereka ufulu kulenga ndi wokhutira bólshee. Iye akukhala bwalo limba ndi chipinda chigamulo mfumu. Mu Weimar anabadwa ndi ana ake, ndi ntchito yabwino: ndi cantata kalembedwe yatsopano, ndi kukhazikitsa zolinga za nyimbo wowerengeka, ofunda, dzuwa, ukuyanga kupereka mphamvu zonse ndi zikhumbo, makamaka "kusaka". Apa iye analemba chiyambi, toccata ndi fugue (kumbukirani wotchuka "Toccata ndi Fugue mu D Minor"), komanso chiwalo nyimbo. Wolamulira wa Weimar, malinga ndi zokhumba zawo, anatsegula pa malo apamwamba m'malo Bach kuika mediocre woyimba. Okhadzula Wolemba sakanakhoza kupirira izi akaitane mosanyinyirika ndi. Chifukwa cha kunyada kwambiri mwezi wake kumangidwa. Atamasulidwa, ndiye pamodzi ndi banja lake, iye anapita Kotten. Choncho Bach mbiri, mwachidule lomwe limati pa njira tortuous wa kuyendayenda woimba, kudzadza m'tawuni ina imene apasa.

Kotten (1713-1723)

zaka 10 Johann Sebastian Bach adzakangamira kwa Prince woimba Leopold Kapellmeister pa udindo wa. Akamayenda, Kalonga wa Anhalt-Kottenskogo, Bach limodzi overlord awo. Koma pamene iwo anafika pa bwalo la mfumu ya Margrave cha Brandenburg, anali odabwa za luso la Wolemba, namfunsa iye kulemba anthu akuimba mu mzimu Italy, koma kuti nzika, German kupezeka. Bach maganizo lingaliro lake latsopano, analemba Brandenburg Concertos, namtumiza mphatso yaulere Margrave. Koma kale aiwala za pempho ndi sanali kulabadira kwa zolemba anatumiza, amene kale kusonkhanitsa fumbi, palibe amene akufuna. zoimbaimba izi Bach anali poyendetsedwa nthawi, m'nyengo ya romanticism. Pamene analemba nyimbo imeneyi, iye atamwalira mkazi wokondedwa. Mwina osati kumva ululu mpweya chomwecho zinalengedwa ndi zoimbaimba wolimbikitsa, mwamphamvu limatuluka kuchokera pansi pa moyo wanga onse m'tsogolo. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Bach anakumana Anna Magdalena lomwe lili ndi mawu okongola. Iye akusowa mbuye m'nyumba, mayi wa ana amasiye anayi, ndipo akumufunsira. Ukwatiwo unachitika, komanso anakonza banja losangalala, limene linayamba ndithu prosaically, ngati n'koyenera. Bach, ntchito pa bwalo lokhalo pa nyimbo aboma ndi kulenga katswiri - Sonatas ndi Partitas kwa zeze ndi Cello, kulakalaka ulamuliro, chotero, pamene Leipzig tsopano ali ndi malo mu mpingo wa St. Thomas, nthawi yomweyo analemba "The masautso Malinga ndi St. John," ndipo iye analandira. mu malo cantor.

Leipzig (1723-1750)

Kotero anali kusuntha kotsiriza mu moyo wake. Kodi kufika zaka 27 zilandiridwenso, modabwitsa zipatso pa zaka zimenezi? Only kusamutsa katswiri. Pa kuwuka ndi kudzoza analenga Bach "St. Mateyu masautso". Iwo kwachilendo zikuchokera oketsra, pamene panalibe mkuwa ndi ng'oma, kupanga nyimbo kwambiri "kuwala" wachisomo. Latsopanoli mitundu nyimboyi ndi yana. Komanso, panali cantatas ndi Uthenga malemba, kuphatikizapo dziko ( "Coffee Cantata", amene akanati anaganiza kuti iye analemba cantor wa mpingo?), Concertos kwa cello ndi harpsichord, ndipo potsiriza, "Misa mu B Minor." Ichi ndi mankhwala chodabwitsa kwambiri chimene sichinakwaniritsidwe pa moyo wake, chifukwa magulu amene sanathe, zifukwa luso izo kusewera. Pakuti masiku athu anali sanataye misa angapo. Mu Leipzig, anamaliza "The Clavier Chabwino-mtima". Bach anapita pempho panokha Frederick II (1747) ndi kupereka "nsembe nyimbo". Mfumu safotokoza chilichonse woyimba. Mu 1750, pambuyo analephera opaleshoni diso ndi mavuto pambuyo pawo, Bach anamwalira ali ndi zaka 65.

Bach a nyimbo - ndi amatichititsa kuwuka kwa mzimu anthu, ndi kugonjetsa nthawi ndi malo.