Chesme Palace ku St. Petersburg: History, adiresi, zithunzi

Pakati St. Petersburg ndi Tsarskoye Selo mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II ndi yopuma zovuta pa njira yaitali inamangidwa. Polemekeza chikumbutso 10 ya chigonjetso cha zombo Russian anaonekera dzina "Cesme Church" ndi "Chesme Palace" imene amatikumbutsa ulemerero ankhondo a bulu Russian. Palace anakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, koma nthaŵi zonse ulemerero wa St. Petersburg.

malo

Ngakhale kuti zovuta inamangidwa ngati njanji, lero ndi Chesme Palace ku St. Petersburg (adiresi ya Street ake Gastello, 15). Ndipo mu nthawi ya Catherine Wamkulu, izo bwinja, moorland. gawo anapita ku Russia chifukwa cha nkhondo kumpoto anakhala katundu wa mfumu.

malo amatchedwa Chifinishi Kikerikiksen, amene anawamasulira amatanthauza "chule chithaphwi", nchifukwa chake chizindikiro cha tsogolo la nyumba yachifumu panali wobiriwira chule.

Mu 1717, njira wakhala inachokera ku nyumba mu Tsarskoye Selo, ndipo izi zinayamba mbiri azikhalamo malowo. Lero, monga tanenera kale, Chesma yachifumu ili mkati St. Petersburg.

nkhani zakale

Kuti bwinobwino kupita ku yotentha ake okhala Tsarskoye Selo, Ekaterina Velikaya analamula makilomita asanu ndi likulu la dzikoli kumanga pathname. Choncho Chesme Palace anakhala ndi pakati St. Petersburg, amene mbiri wakhala wautali ndi chidwi.

Izo poyamba ankatchedwa kanyumba. Koma pamene ntchito yomanga nyumba ya inatha, panatuluka nkhani za kupambana kwa zombo Russian mu Nkhondo ya Chesma. Tikumbukenso kuti kugonjetsa Turkey lofunika kwambiri kwa Russia. Ngakhale sangathe kugonjetsa Constantinople monga ndinalota, koma ngakhale anagonjetsa Azov ndi Kerch chinali chapadera kwambiri mu nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi. Tsopano Russian ziwiya wamalonda mwaufulu kudutsa Nyanja Black ndipo analonjeza kwambiri phindu.

Mu Russia panali mwambo uliwonse chigonjetso chachikulu pa nkhondo Turkey mokondwerera chipilala chilichonse. Choncho Tsarskoye Selo anali gawo la Turkey ndi hema, Crimea ndi Chesme mizati, ndi zigawo za otchuka ndi anamangidwira nyumbayi mu masitaelo Byzantine ndipo Oriental. Choncho, m'pomveka kuti mayina njanji latsopano Chesmensky Palace, komanso mpingo anamanga pafupi ndi izo.

wamanga

Ekaterina Velikaya amadziwika lonse wake waulemerero ndi zambiri chikondi kumanga. Pa ulamuliro wake dziko lonse, ndi St. Petersburg makamaka walandira kwambiri nyumba zapamwamba ndi nyumba za mafumu.

Mfumukazi zambiri Chifukwa erection nyumba yatsopano, monga ulendo wautali kuchokera likulu kuti Tsarskoye Selo. Iye sanafune kusiya malo olakwika, chifukwa ali paliponse ankafuna womasuka. Pamene Mfumukazi abverana kuti amange latsopano yachifumu - "kanyumba" - iye anapotoloka, kuti Yuri Matveyevich Felten, mmodzi wa mapulani waukulu likulu.

The wamanga anaphunzira pa Academy of Wabwino Tirhana, ntchito kwa zaka zingapo ndi Rastrelli, pambuyo pa imfa yake anamaliza pomanga wamanga kwambiri. Experience ndi luso anapanga Felten pamodzi ndi Vallin de A La Mothe kutsogolera wamanga wa St. Petersburg. Ndi 1774, chiwerengero chake kale anamumanga monga Lutheran ndi Mpingo Chiameniya St. Catherine, Small ndi Large Hermitage, Palace Embankment ndi wotchuka mpanda wa Chilimwe Garden.

Adawalamulira Chesma yachifumu anakhala wamanga kwa mtundu wa kuyesera. Ndithudi, likulu akanakhala choipitsitsa kumanga nyumba kalembedwe Gothic, koma kunja kwa mzinda analola ufulu amenewa.

yomanga History

Chesmensky oyendayenda Palace anakhazikitsidwa mu 1774, ndipo patapita zaka zitatu Mfumukazi chikondwerero cha housewarming. Liwiro yomanga chinaperekedwa chakuti wamanga Yu. M. Felten anatha molondola kukonzekera ntchito. Ndipo, ndithudi, chinathandiza kumanga liwiro kwambiri ndalama zambiri kumanga kuti Catherine anathera.

Dera pansi Nyumbayi inali olekanitsidwa si wolemera kwambiri, kotero pa gawo loyamba kunali koyenera kuti malowo ngalande, anali anakumba dzenje pa kukafika kutsogolo kwa malo kupitiriza m'madambo kuti si kuonongeka nyumba yachifumu. Kumalimbitsa kumverera kwa Nyumbayi ndi potsanzira kutsinde, amene amapangidwa dziko dzenje.

Zovuta yachifumu zikuphatikizapo nyumba zikuluzikulu za mbewu awiri ndi mzikiti ndi ngodya nsanja, mpingo mwala wa kubadwa kwa Yesu kwa Ioanna Krestitelya ndi outbuildings angapo. Ndi zovuta nyumba yachifumu zinachitikadi ndi kapepala msewu, aposa ndi iwiri yosema Chipata kalembedwe Gothic.

Kamangidwe mbali ya nyumba yachifumu

Chesma yachifumu pathupi kalembedwe zoyerekeza-Gothic, ndi wamanga anatha kuchirikiza lingaliro limeneli. Kudzoza kwa katswiri wa zomangamanga anali maloko pa gombe kum'mawa kwa Bosphorus. zinthu Oriental mokoma zinalembedwa kalembedwe Gothic, iwo alibe kukopeka, ndipo chabe wofatsa chikumbutso.

Kumbali ya nyumba yachifumu yaikulu ndi equilateral makona ndi nsanja yozungulira ndi battlements mu ngodya. Aliyense nsanja uli wathunthu nyali ndi domes theka-zozungulira. Mpanda wa kunja kwa nyumbayi anali pamwamba pa msinkhu wa nyumba mu mawonekedwe a pachiyambi zida korona. The pansi pa nyumba ya anali chokongoletsedwa ndi rustication, pansi pamwamba - pulasitala njerwa. Wokongola arched mazenera kulenga kumverera kwa chinyumba akale. Yaikulu zomangamanga ndi mokwanira Chesmensky Palace chidwi odalirika yamalinga m'linga.

mkati

Mwa njira, Chesma Palace (St. Petersburg), kunja chokongoletsedwa mu lozhnogoticheskom kalembedwe mkati si pang'ono Gothic. Interiors The tinapangidwa mu kalembedwe Catherine ankakonda oyambirira classicism.

Pa makoma inu mukhoza kuwona mapanelo, medallions, mwakemu, nkhata ndi garlands a maluwa kuti akhala chizindikiro cha Yu. M. Feltena. Buku waukulu wa nyumba ali chipinda chachikulu cha makona, izo chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ndi F. Shubin zomera zosonyeza Russian atsogoleri wamkulu ndi mafumu.

Ntchito Felten anali zipinda zonse chokongoletsedwa ndi zipinda za nyumba yachifumu, iye anali akutola mipando ndi nsalu, amene adzakhala woyenera azikongoletsa mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu. Makamaka nyumba yake yatsopano Ekaterina lolongosoka mwa English zadothi fakitale Wedgwood chakudya utumiki wa zinthu 952, omwe sported chule - khalidwe Chesmensky Palace. Lero, utumiki uwu - ulemerero wa Hermitage deta.

History mwaukali ankachitira mkati okongola a nyumba yachifumu. Unakhalabe pang'ono - zithunzi ndi ziboliboli anatitumiza kwa zakale, mipando pang'onopang'ono kukhumuditsidwa. Koma mu 2005, izo anakongoletsa holo yaikulu okhala, iye chimatchedwa St. George.

Palace ndi Ekaterina Velikaya

Chesme Palace ku St. Petersburg anakhala mmodzi wa malo ankakonda mfumukazi. Nthawi zambiri anapita, ndipo pamene ikuchitika mapwando, zikondwerero.

Ndipo mu 1792, Catherine anapereka nyumba kwa Chapter wa Order wa St. George. Kuyambira pano mu holo kuzungulira pa nsanjika yachiwiri, akhala kuchita msonkhano wa Ankhondo a Order, omwe kawirikawiri nawo Mfumukazi. Pomwepo kuziika ang'ono Archive ndi zopereka.

Atamwalira yachifumu Catherine Wamkulu, mwatsoka, izo zinali mu bwinja.

zaka za kunyalanyaza

Paulo, amene anayamba kulamulira, mwamtheradi sindikufuna ntchito yachifumu. Pamene Alexander Wachiwiri ndi nyumba yachifumu munalibe kanthu, kawiri kokha mu izo anapuma mtsikana wa Catherine Institute.

Pansi Nicholas Mpingo Woyamba wa nyumba ya Mzimu inagwiritsidwa ntchito yokwaniritsira kukonzekera kumanda a Grand Atsogoleri Akuimira Ndani. Kodi inu anachezera usiku wa mfumu m'bale mtembo wa Alexander, apa ankatembenukira mu bokosi mwanaalirenji ndipo anatengedwa kumaliro kuno. Chinthu chomwecho chinachitika ndi Elizabeth Alekseevna thupi.

almshouse

Mfumu Paulo sanali kanthu kuti anamukumbutsa wa amake, chotero iye Chesma yachifumu sanali nawo ndikusankha nthawi yocheza ake Gatchina. Iye ngakhale ankafuna kupereka Palace ndi poorhouse, koma ntchito yomanga sadatsatire. The Commission anaona kuti sizingatheke kuti bungwe ilo, kufotokoza kulephera la kusowa kwa madzi.

Za mfundo imeneyi anakumbukira Nicholas, amene mu 1830 inaika lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chesma yachifumu almshouses asilikali chifukwa olumala ndi anamenyela wa 1812 nkhondo chaka. Choncho anathetsa nkhani ya nyumba yachifumu.

Pakuti mayiko ndi kuonjezera m'dera la nyumba ya anayesetsa kukonzanso kwambiri. A. Shtaubert wamanga anapatsidwa rework nyumba yachifumu ku hotelo anthu olumala. Iye anamaliza yemweyo nyumba zitatu-storey, kulumikiza ndi mipita kudzera nsanja ngodya. Ndi nsanja okha zachotsedwa ndipo m'malo parapets imodzi ya mzikiti lapansi. Njerwa chipata m'malo ndi latsopano pulasitala zitsulo.

Pansi 2 wa mpingo opatulidwira yozizira. M'malo nkhalango ndi madambo kutsogolo kwa kutulukira zonse paki kwa anthu akuyenda. Patatha zaka zinayi, ndi odwalayo anali wokonzeka, izo moti ankatha 400 alendo. Patapita nthawi, pa zonse outbuilding tamanga kwambiri pa 2 mbewu. Pang'onopang'ono anamanga mozungulira nyumba zina ndi kuwononga manda. Choncho anathetsa mapeto a zovuta mapulani - okongola kwambiri, zachikondi Manor nthawi Catherine.

Nthawi Soviet

Mu 1919 Chesma yachifumu kuyembekezera mayesero latsopano. Almshouse chinatsekedwa ndipo mu malo analenga msasa akaidi a nkhondo ndi adani a boma latsopano. Chesma Church anagonjetsa, anavula mtanda wake, kukazikoloŵeka mu malo mbano zake ndi nyundo, monga zizindikiro za nyengo yatsopano.

Mu 1930 nyumba ya zakale Palace Chesmensky anaperekedwa Road Institute. Zosoŵa za bungwe kumanga pa mapiko kachiwiri. Ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mpingo ndi nyumba yachifumu anali lowonongeka ndi mabomba. Nkhondo itatha, zovuta anapereka Institute of Aviation Leningrad.

Mu 1946, Palace analikonzanso, ngakhale makamaka amasamala kuteteza maonekedwe pachiyambi. Ntchito izi kutsogozedwa ndi wamanga A. Korjagin.

tsiku lero

Chesma yachifumu chithunzi okha mlingo pang'ono akufanana lingaliro choyambirira cha wamanga lero akadali m'manja mwa University of Azamlengalenga zipangizo.

Manor Park ndi lotseguka kwa azimuwona. Ndipo mu 1994, pamene Cesme Church anabwerera ku tchalitchi cha Orthodox, anayamba kubwezeretsa Interiors ndi maonekedwe akunja kwa kachisi. Lero, iye amayang'ana pafupifupi mwathunthu lifanane ndi kumanga kwa zaka za m'ma 18.

Kumayambiriro 21 m'ma TH, anaganiza kuti abwezeretse m'holo yaikulu ya munda, ndipo mu 2005 izo mwalamulo anatsegula. Holo linaikidwa pa University Library ndi makamu zochitika zosiyanasiyana miyambo. Mwatsoka, lero yekha m'madera ena a nyumba zikuluzikulu amakulolani kuona lingaliro zachilendo Felten.