Buku "aphe Mockingbird" (Harper Lee): ndemanga. "Aphe Mockingbird": chiwembu mwachidule

Anthu ambiri pamaso mukuwerenga buku zina, yesetsani kupeza loyamba ndemanga zosiyanasiyana. "Aphe Mockingbird" - ntchito imene anasonkhanitsa omvera yaikulu anthu osangalala kwambiri kuwerenga wake umenewu ndipo anamusiya chidwi, choncho ndi zachilengedwe ambiri akuyesetsa kuti uphunzire za izo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mbiri ya wolemba

Mofanana ndi ena ambiri, woyambitsa wa ntchito imeneyi chimatengedwa ngati "namatetule wa buku limodzi." Chinthu ndi buku "aphe Mockingbird" Harper inali ntchito kokha, koma kuti bukhu ili, limene lina kumasulira zonse pafupifupi amanenendwe onse a dziko, wolembayo anali kupereka ulemu pamwamba pa Pulitzer Prize.

Kenako Library Journal wakhala anazindikira ntchito buku bwino olembedwa mu America m'zaka za makumi awiri, ndipo pa nthawi wolemba anali kupereka ya Zikho Ufulu komanso - apamwamba US wamba mphoto.

wolemba wakhala mobwerezabwereza ndemanga bwino ntchito yake. Ngati tiyenda pachimene buku "aphe Mockingbird" okhutira, kulongosola mavuto waukulu wa anthu a m'nthawi imeneyo komanso masomphenya awo pa gawo la mwana, ndi bwino ntchito Harper sankayembekezera. Ngakhale kwambiri: wolemba amakhulupirira kuti buku chilephereka m'manja mwa otsutsa kwa mwamsanga "imfa." Koma iye ankaganiza kuti aliyense buku akhoza mukufuna, ndi zina komabe anapitiriza kulemba. M'mawu ena, kulemba "aphe Mockingbird," iye zoyembekezeredwa laling'ono, koma pamapeto pake adzadwala kwambiri.

buku ili ndi chiyani?

"Aphe Mockingbird" - buku, lomwe linasindikizidwa kale mu zimakhalanso lakutali 1960. Mlembi wa gawo ili ndi American dzina lake Harper Lee, ndipo uwo wokha wa mtundu wanyimbo wa buku maphunziro. Dziwani kuti, mosiyana ndi ena ambiri masiku ano amadziwika katswiri, ntchito ili pafupi nthawi yomweyo anamuzindikira ndi anthu padziko lonse, ndipo patatha chaka analandira ndi Pulitzer Prize.

mwapadera ziperekedwe kwa chakuti anthu ndiponso nkhani zachokera kuzipenya la wolemba mabanja banja ndi oyandikana wake pafupi kwawo. Ambiri, zinthu zimenezi, monga ambiri a wolemba, kuchokera 1936, pamene anali ndi zaka 10 zokha. Ngakhale bukhu poyamba Zoonadi maphunziro, ndi owerenga mibadwo yonse zifika ndemanga yabwino kwambiri. "Aphe Mockingbird" tsopano mu pologalamu ya lamulo Sukulu US panthawi imene anaphunzira pafupifupi 80% ya chiwerengero cha sukulu American.

buku la amadziwika kuti ambiri m'njira yake yapadera nthabwala ndi chikondi wapadera. Zikatero ntchito chikupitiriza ngakhale kuti m'kati kuwerenga zafotokozedwa zinthu choopsa ngati tsankho ndi kugwiririra. Atate owerenga, dzina Attikus Finch alipo makhalidwe chitsanzo wowerenga aliyense, ndipo akuyerekezeranso chitsanzo wapadera loya woonamtima. Mawu a wotsutsa zoweta E. B. Kuzmin, Harper Lee ndi likupereka phunziro la anthu mkulu ndi nzika zolimba mtima, chifukwa Atticus zoona, n'kofala mwamtheradi ndi munthu inconspicuous, koma pa nthawi yomweyo imasonyezedwa mwa maso a ana amene akukumana otentha wina khalidwe lake ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala chinachake n'zofunika kwambiri.

Mwina n'chifukwa chake ngakhale ana kusiya buku limeneli ndemanga zabwino. "Aphe Mockingbird" akusonyeza kuti mwana aliyense ali ndi chilungamo, amene ali titadziwa, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, mchikakamizo cha dziko, ana amayamba kupeza mitundu yonse ya tsankho, pang'onopang'ono zambiri blunted ndi kumverera uku.

Mphotho ndi mphoto

Malinga ndi Baibulo Air Force a m'chaka cha 2003 mu kusanja pamwamba 200 wa dziko mabuku buku limeneli anatenga malo chimodzi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa 2016 makope ake okwana wafika makope 30 miliyoni. yomasulira Russian ntchito ikuchitika Raisoy Oblonskoy ndi Noroy Gal, kuti mwina chidwi kwa iwo amene anatsalira mchikakamizo zabwino buku limeneli, ndipo zotsala za ndemanga zabwino. "Aphe Mockingbird" - ndi limodzi mwa mabuku amene ayenera kuwerenga kwa munthu aliyense. Mwalamulo Komabe, zimenezi amathandiza kokha boma US.

wolemba walenga zilembo zochokera anthu enieni, ndi mfundo kudziwika. Choncho, zinachitika wa katsabola, bwenzi anthu a m'nkhaniyi, ndi wolemba American dzina lake Truman Capote, ndi zomwe wolemba anali mnzake wa ku ubwana wake, pamene iye ankakhala mu oyandikana nawo.

Komanso mtengo kuzitchula n'chakuti Finch - si mosintha osankhidwa dzina, bambo dzina lakuti Harper a.

uthenga waukulu

Mu buku la "aphe Mockingbird," nkhani chimazungulira nkhani yokhudza mtima ya banja amene amakhala m'tauni yaing'ono otchedwa Mayombo, Alabama. zochita zonse zikuchitika pa mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, pa Great Depression, ndi nkhani yokha amatiuza mtsikana pa zaka eyiti.

Mu "aphe Mockingbird," nkhani limasonyeza owerenga yodabwitsa kwambiri, osokoneza ndi otsutsana dziko, amene amatsegula maso a mwanayo, ndi izo udzadutsa ndi owerenga. M'chilengedwe pali onse: vuto la wamkulu ndi mantha ana, chowonadi zowawa ndi osatekeseka ludzu chilungamo, anapatsidwa zovuta za banja ndi mavuto mitundu, ndi apakhungu kwambiri pa nthawi ya America South.

Buku "aphe Mockingbird" lili pakati pa zochitika za mlandu wa munthu wakuda, amene akuimbidwa mlandu wa mlandu umene anali osati kudzipereka kwa iwo. Komabe, bambo a khalidwe waukulu, ndi loya, pambuyo pa zonse, anaganiza kuyimira mnyamata ndi ndewu dzino ndi misomali kuti chilungamo. Ngakhale ambiri ndi mnyozo.

Zimapatsa "aphe Mockingbird" Zamkati akhoza ziri kufotokoza malonjezo yaikulu ya ntchito.

nkhani

Buku ikuyamba ndi nkhani ya kholo la banja la Finch, wotchedwa Simoni. Iye anali wa Methodisti, ndipo nthawi yomweyo akuyesa kupewedwa tsankho achipembedzo England, kenako anamutengera Alabama. Apa iye anapeza chuma chake ndipo, ngakhale kuti iye anali ndi zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo, anaganiza kugula akapolo ochepa. Kwenikweni, uli ndi chiwembu, limene likusimba owerenga kumvetsetsa magwero a banja a m'nkhaniyi. Akatero amayamba Harper Lee "aphe Mockingbird." Kodi buku ndi chiyambi musataye chithunzi thunzi chokwanira.

Nkhani yaikulu iliyonse imayambira zaka zitatu pambuyo yovuta kwambiri kwa Great Depression ndi inachitikira Meykomb, umene uli chabe ndipo pabwino ndi wolemba monga "wotopa ndi moyo wautali." Malinga owerenga, ndi mzinda uli m'chigawo cha Alabama.

Monga mbali yaikulu mu buku pamaoneka Jean Luiza Finch, amene anali ndi zaka eyiti ndi amene amakhala m'nyumba imodzi ndi atate wake, Atticus, ndi mchimwene Jim. bambo ake ankagwira ntchito loya, ndipo mu bukhu, monga tatchulazi, ali pabwino ngati zonse chilungamo, nzeru ndi wachifundo ndi mfundo zolimba abwino.

Jim ndi Jean mwadzidzidzi ndi mnyamata wina dzina lake katsabola yemwe amapita lililonse Meykomb yotentha kukaona azakhali ake. Iwo likukhalira kuti ana onse amachita mantha kwambiri anansi awo ndi dzina la Radley, ndipo ngakhale anam'patsa dzina lakuti awuwuze. Sam Radley ndi recluse ndipo kawirikawiri kusonyezedwa kwa diso.

Akuluakulu Meykomba, mfundo, kuyesera njira iliyonse kupewa kukambirana choopsezera mbalame, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ochepa ndaona, koma ana zikukangalika chimwemwe malingaliro a wina ndi mzake ndi mphekesera zosiyanasiyana za maonekedwe ake, komanso zotheka amamchititsa seclusion kwambiri. Makamaka, iwo kulakalaka njira imene mukhoza kuyesa kuti akope naye kunja kwa nyumba. Pambuyo maholide awiri yotentha ndi katsabola, Jim ndi Jean anaona kuti munthu nthawi zonse masamba iwo mphatso yaing'ono mtengo, lili Radley nyumba. Choncho, kangapo munthu chachinsinsi amawathandiza Zisonyezo zoonekera chidwi, koma ana poona kuti sanayese n'komwe kuonekera pamaso pawo mwa munthu.

Panthawi imeneyi, Atticus anaganiza pa malonda kutaya, kuyesera mu njira iliyonse kuteteza ufulu wa Tom Robinson - wakuda, akudutsa pa mlandu wa raping mnyamata Caucasus mkazi, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri satsatira malo a loya wina, ndipo ngakhale mwamphamvu kutsutsana. Ena ana zonse kunyoza m'bale ndi mlongo chifukwa cha zochita za bambo awo, ndipo Jin angochita kutetezedwa ndi ulemerero wa bambo ake, ngakhale iye anamuuza iye kuti sikuthandiza. Atticus yekha takumana ndi gulu la anthu amene akupita ku yekha zonse Lynch Tom, koma ngozi anali pa ana atatu manyazi khamu, kukakamiza iwo kuyang'ana pa zinthu kupitirirabe pa kaonedwe ka Tom ndi Atticus.

Chifukwa chakuti Papa sanafune abweletsa ana ao kuti mayesero a Tom Robinson, katsabola, Jim ndi Jean anaganiza kubisala khonde. Atticus ananena kuti Maloya, omwe ndi Meyella ndi bambo ake dzina lake Bob Ewell (yemwenso anali chidakwa wamba) akuyesera kuti kutsitsa kasitomala wake, ndi likukhalira kuti yekhayo Meyella anayesera kuwanyengerera Tom, koma bambo ake anagwira ichi, iye mwankhanza kumumenya. Ngakhale kuli umboni zofunika kwambiri pa wosachimwa wa kasitomala wake, Atticus chiyani sakwanitsa kuti zimenezi zikathandiza loweruza, inatuluka Jim ndi Atticus kwambiri pachabe chilungamo US, monga Tom posachedwapa olimbana pamene zothaŵa.

Komabe, izi sikuthetsa nkhani ya "aphe Mockingbird" - woyambitsa (Harper Lee) amayesetsa adzabweretsa chilungamo. Ngakhale choncho adagonja, mbiri Bob Ewell a inawonongedwa, ndipo anaganiza kubwezera. Pa msewu pa misonkhano, amalavulira poyera nkhope Atticus, ndiyeno amayesa kuswa m'nyumba ya woweruza wotsogolera, kuopseza mkazi wa Tom Robinson, anali mkazi wamasiye. Kenako anaganiza kuukira chitetezo mwamtheradi Jean ndi Jim pa nthawi iwo azipita ku nyumba zawo pambuyo pa mapeto a chipani sukulu Halloween. Mwadzidzidzi munthu amathandiza ana ndi munthu chachinsinsi amanyamula Jim ndi dzanja osweka nyumba kumene mnyamata akudziwa kuti iye amathandizadi awuwuze Radley chomwecho.

Patatha izi, kukwaniritsidwa kwa "aphe Mockingbird." Author (Harper Lee) limatiuza mmene Shefifi Meykomba amaona kuti Bob Ewell anafa pa nkhondo, ndiyeno ananena ndi Atticus za nzeru kapena Jim Radley udindo. Loya, pamapeto, aganiza Baibulo la Shefifi za kuti Ewell chabe mwangozi anagwa pa mpeni wake, ndi choopsezera mbalame akufunsa Jin kuti apite naye kunyumba kwake, ndipo pambuyo Iye anati tiwonana iye pa khomo lakumaso, ndi wosaoneka kwathunthu kusiyiratu. Jin ndi pa khonde Radley yokha ndi kuyesa kuwamvetsetsa mmene moyo zikuwoneka kuona kwa mwini nyumba, chisoni kuti iwo anali nawo mwayi kum'thokoza chifukwa cha mphatso anapangidwa kwa iwo.

mosamala

Chipatso cha "aphe Mockingbird" Quotes kotero kusema maganizo ndi kunyamula tanthauzo lakuya, kuti kale mu 1962, motsogoleredwa ndi Robert Mulligan anaganiza kuti filimu buku mu filimu yake yatsopano. Udindo waukulu mu filimu anapereka Gregory Peck, ndi chithunzi mapeto kunapezeka kuti amazipanga bwino, kotero kuti anali asankha kuti "Oscar" kamodzi mu magawo asanu ndi atatu. Mufilimuyi anapambana m'magulu atatu:

• Best wosewera;
• zokongola kwambiri;
• Best Yotengedwa filimu.

Chifukwa cha ichi, kuchokera "aphe Mockingbird" makoti anayamba kufalitsa padziko lonse, ndi kanema kuti tsiku zonse pamwamba pa mlingo zosiyanasiyana mafilimu zabwino anamasulidwa mu mbiri ya mafilimu a kanema American. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale m'mayiko ena, chitsanzo ichi chimatengedwa ngati imodzi mwa ntchito kwambiri pa mbiri ya mafilimu a kanema padziko lonse.

Ndi chifukwa chake anatengera ili la "aphe Mockingbird" akulimbikitsidwa kuonera komanso kuwerenga buku la.

Kodi mukuona apa?

Pafupifupi aliyense amene awerenga bukuli amapereka chidwi.

Sizachilendo mu "aphe Mockingbird" kufotokoza Sizingathe kusonyeza akamanena za ntchito, kotero mwina chifukwa kuliwerenga munthu kukhala umboni kwa anthu amene anachita chidwi ndi buku limeneli. Monga tanenera, mayankho, kupatulapo osowa, otsalafe zabwino zokha.

Komabe, anthu ena amene amati "aphe Mockingbird" Baibulo la dzina la chikhalidwe waukulu si zoonadi, koma iwo amanena kuti palibe njira amakhudza kuganiza ambiri ndipo alibe kusokoneza maganizo a bukhu pomasulira Russian.

mfundo

Ngati ife kulankhula za mbali yaikulu ya buku lino, mwambowu owerenga, ndi Dziwani ochepa:

• Zosiyanasiyana. Buku angathe kuwerenga ndi ana ndi akulu ndi achinyamata komanso achikulire sakudziwa nkomwe amakumbukira chilichonse chifukwa chakuti mankhwala anali ankafunira okha mabuku ana.
• Zosiyanasiyana. Apa tikambirana nambala yaikulu mavuto, zomwe ndi lophweka ndi zomveka zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo ngakhale ngati inu mutayang'ana pa kutengerapo awo akhoza kale kupeza nkhani yabwino.
• Autobiography. Mu ndondomeko ya kuwerenga zimaonekeratu kuti wolemba anauyamba malingaliro kubwera zinam'chitikira. Pa nthawi ya kulengedwa "aphe Mockingbird" zimene kulemba, wolemba sanaganize - adazindikira.
• Lowopsya mphindi. Ngakhale kuti buku la ana choyambirira ndi ngakhale akulu zina ndikuzindikira ena mphindi mantha kuti kwenikweni kusonyeza zenizeni wathu ndi inu. Ndipo izi imagwira ntchito kwa zoopsa za kupondereza akuda, ndi Mwachitsanzo, m'mlengalenga analengedwa ndi choopsezera mbalame za - munthu zachilendo kukhala m'nyumba wachisoni ndi kukhala ndi moyo yekha.
• Maphunziro. Popeza ili ndi buku maphunziro, mutu womwe waperekedwa mwapadera, ndipo ngakhale vuto la kupondereza akuda mapeto amapita mmphepete mwa njira. Atticus waima patsogolo pathu ngati bambo abwino, ndi likukhalira kuti ngakhale ayenera kuwerenga mabuku maganizo wachinyamata kuti kukathera mwanjira kupeza chinenero mwanayo, ndi yokwanira kuwerenga bukuli, chifukwa palibe mawu lililonse Atticus za maphunziro a ana awo, sitinganene kuti wolakwika, zopusa kapena zosafunika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamapeto mumaona nokha omasuka ndi mwana, osati makolo.
• Tsankho. Mlembi chikunena ndi phunziroli scrupulous kuti makamaka zogwirizana mayiko a kum'mwera kwa America kwa zaka.
• Herd mtima. The mwana utatha anthucho mawu osavuta, nagawira iwo m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono ndipo aliyense aganizire za zimene zikuchitika.

kufotokoza mwa chidule

N'koyenera ndiponso zabwino mu bukhu, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri eyeing, koma osati nthawi zonse angayerekeze kugula ndi kuwerenga. Pamafunika owerenga paubwana ndiponso mmene maziko yaikidwa pa moyo wa munthu aliyense, chifukwa ana kuyang'ana pa dziko mwa maso a akulu ndi kupanga awo nokha yankho, kudziwa bodza pang'ono yomweyo zindikirani zikusiyana pakati pa mawu ndi ntchito. N'chifukwa chake mwana sangapusitsidwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kukhala kutsogolo kwa iyeyo.

Anthu ambiri tisiye mutu wa buku lino, chifukwa cha dzina chomwecho, ndi utoto pa chivundikiro cha ana ambiri alibe mayanjano kwambiri zosangalatsa, ngakhale ena nawonso zofanana ngakhale pang'ono chidwi. Mwamwayi, ntchito zambiri m'gulu zikuchokera zopereka zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ambiri ayamba anakumana nazo ndi kuwerenga.

Tikumbukenso kuti anthu ena amene anaphunzira buku "aphe Mockingbird" okhutira, ngakhale pang'ono nsanje anthu amene alibe kuwerenga, koma Nditaphunzira chiwembu lonse akadali muwerengenso kangapo buku, kuyesera kuganizira ake pa mfundo zina bwino, mfundo, mlandu Sankhapo pakati pa mizere.

Kodi tingaphunzire chiyani?

Ndipotu, mankhwala angapezeke ambiri maganizo othandiza za kuphunzitsa, za maphunziro a ana awo, komanso maganizo pa dziko ndi zotsutsana za maganizo awa. Komanso, apa mutha kuona asapita abwino banja, monga osati zimene zimachitika pakati pa ana ndi makolo, komanso wabwino m'bale ubwenzi ndi mlongo wake, pamene ali okonzeka adzaima mzake mu zochitika zonse, koma wina sanapange okha kukhumudwa.

Ndicho chimene mukhoza kuyang'ana kwa buku la "aphe Mockingbird" review ndi owerenga wamba. Buku ili ndi tanthauzo zosaneneka kuti osati ataphunzira sukulu nduna za pulogalamu ya USA, ndipo mwina ayenera kuwonjezera pa mapulogalamu a m'mayiko ena, ngakhale kuti si mavuto onse maadiresi ndi zogwirizana masiku ano . buku lakuti "aphe Mockingbird" ndi kuti Zikuvumbulutsidwa kwa mwana aliyense ndi wamkulu, ndipo n'chifukwa chake n'kofunika kuwerenga osati ana koma aliyense.

Bukuli lilinso mu mndandanda kutchulidwa popanda kuwerenga kuti kwenikweni kutaya kwambiri, kaya n'zimene ndi maganizo buku lino. A nambala yaikulu mabonasi ndipo ndemanga makamaka zabwino - ichi ndi zokoma zina kuwerenga kwake kwa awo amene adakali ndikukayika ngati kuwerenga buku Harper Li "aphe Mockingbird." Buku Nanga kulongosola pang'ono zovuta - ndi bwino kuliwerenga wekha.