Boma kufanizitsa

Kufanizitsa a boma ndi malamulo angathe kuchitidwa monga muyezo osiyana, malinga ndi limodzi kapena malangizo ena. Mpaka posachedwapa, mmodzi yekha mu mabuku maphunziro ndi sayansi anali gulu formational malangizo. Malinga ndi kufanizitsa a boma ikuchitika view a dongosolo la zachuma m'dziko kalasi, chikhalidwe cha ubale (anzawo kapena osakhala masuku pamutu). Zinali Chotero kuika lapadera kwambiri zinthu zimene ndi chibadidwe mu dongosolo zomvetsera mapangidwe zachuma.

Ndi chitukuko cha padziko lonse malingaliro andale ndi malamulo amenewa anayamba, ndipo i ena amene adaperekeza ndi kufanizitsa ya boma. Mwachitsanzo, Jellinek ankaona kuti ngakhale kusintha mosalekeza ndi chitukuko, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa ena causal zizindikiro. Adzakupatsani makamaka State (kapena gulu) makhalidwe ake mbiri yonse zokhudza kuti mtundu wapadera. Jellinek nawo dongosolo abwino ndi wazotsatira.

Mtundu yabwino wazamalamulo German ndinaganiza boma kwambiri, kulibe kwenikweni. dongosolo ankatsutsa kwa wazotsatira. Kufanizitsa za boma malinga ndi njira wazotsatira kumafuna kulingalira dongosolo malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano boma, komanso malo wotanganidwa ndi munthu mu dongosolo. Jellinek amasiyanitsa ano ndi akale, achiroma Greek ndi dongosolo wakale kum'maŵa.

Masiku pamwambapa ndi ambiri lero. Kutengera pa mfundo yonena za "chitukuko", ndi njira civilizational kwa kufanizitsa ya boma. Toynbee (mbiri English) analongosola ndi inakulitsidwa mfundo zofunika. Iye ankadziwa, chitukuko boma la chitukuko ndi chatsekedwa ndipo m'deralo, yodziwika ndi enieni chuma, chikhalidwe, maganizo, chipembedzo ndi zina zofanana.

Kufufuza kwaposachedwa kwasonyeza mbiri ya anthu ooneka enieni (osakwatira-mzere) formational kufotokoza chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa anthu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, monga boma si wosiyana kufanizitsa mabuku, chikhalidwe padziko lonse. Kunja malowa pali zambiri zochitika m'mbiri amapanga chofunikira kwambiri ndi makhalidwe a anthu a.

Mu malo oyamba mu kusanthula chikhazikitso zachuma si multiformity kuti silipita pafupifupi mbiri siyana nthawi ya kusintha kwa anthu kuti boma kutukuka. Tikasenza chifukwa cha mfundo yofunika iyi mfundo ya makolo zimasiyana kwambiri.

Pamene ntchito njira mapangidwe pali kuchepetsa kwambiri dongosolo la gulu la zigawo ndi zikuchokera anzawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhani makamaka makalasi muzikangana. zigawo zina za anthu omwe adamkankhira malire a phunziroli, sizinali zoyenera mu chitsanzo cha miyambo.

Formational njira kwambiri zimasokoneza kuthekera kupenda zachikhalidwe ndi wauzimu wa anthu, kamodzi iwo mu bwalo maganizo, makhalidwe ndi zikhulupiriro, amene anafuna kusonyeza zofuna za magulu waukulu muzikangana.

Civilizational njira ndi okulira ndi wolemera, kulola kusiyanitsa osati kalasi mikangano, koma kuchuluka ubale wawo ukhale pa maziko a makhalidwe konsekonse. Zimakhala zotheka kuphunzira zotsutsana osati kokha, komanso dera wauzimu mfundo zimaonekera khalidwe la anthu muzochitika zosiyana za ntchito.

Civilizational njira Choncho amatilola akuimira boma osati monga chida cha ulamuliro wa kalasi masuku pamutu pa kalasi molakwika. Mu dongosolo la ndale la mphamvu, mwa zina, ndi zofunika kwambiri chinthu cha chikhalidwe, chuma ndi wauzimu chitukuko cha anthu, kukwaniritsa zofuna osiyana a amuna, kuphatikiza amuna.