B. Fisher, ndi Chess player: yonena, zithunzi ndi Zokwaniritsa

Robert Dzheyms "Bobby" Fischer - Chess player padziko lonse, ngwazi 11 kulanga izi mu dziko. Palinso mtengo wake wa Kutulukira ndi Mawu Woyambilira kutsata mtundu watsopano wa nthawi kulamulira zochokera Kuwonjezera nthawi iliyonse sitiroko. Similar Chess wotchi amatchedwa zatsopano ake - "wotchi Fischer". Iwo okhala ndi iye mu 1990.

Ana ndi achinyamata

Anabadwa Fisher - March 9, 1943. atate wake ndi mitundu German, ndipo mayi ake Swiss ndi mizu Ayuda. Pa zaka ziwiri, Bobby anapulumuka tsoka loyamba mu moyo - bambo ake kusiya banja. Iye anabwerera ku Germany, ndi mayi ndi ana analimbikitsidwa Brooklyn.

Zinachitikira woyamba wa kusewera Chess chinachitika mu m'badwo wa asanu. Mlongo wamkulu amene anaphunzitsa Robert ndi James kusewera iwo anaona mwamsanga mng'ono wake talente Mwachibadwa strategy. Mu patapita zaka, iye nthawi zonse bwino pa masewera a Chess. Kapezekedwe ka kukumbukira kwambiri zinamuthandiza kuphunzira zilankhulo zambiri (Spanish, Russian, Chisebokroshiya, German), ndi chidziwitso cha Chess mabuku yachilendo anaphunzira Bobby oyambirira.

mpikisano loyamba

Monga wachinyamata, Fisher nawo mpikisano ambiri. Koma zotsatira loyamba la akulu anali kupambana kwake mu US Junior Championship (1957). Patapita chaka onse anayamikira Bobby ndi mutu wa ngwazi ya America. Icho chinali choyamba mu mbiri ya ngwazi 14 wazaka dziko. Koma chigonjetso ichi iye anali basi anayamba kudabwa mafani awo. Mu 1958, ndili ndi zaka khumi, Bobby anakhala grandmaster womaliza dziko.

Pa nthawi yomweyo khumi Fischer, ndi Chess player kuti fupa, masamba sukulu kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa Chess. Mutu wa ngwazi dziko - ndi maloto zofunika kwambiri. Ndipo Bobby amalimbikira ati cholinga ichi.

Komabe, wofuna masewera si okha Chess. Munthu wapadera analinso m'gulu tennis, kusambira, kutsetsereka ndi siketing'i.

Koyamba kuthyola mu Championship dziko la Chess American Fischer anayesa mu 1959. Iye anali mmodzi wa ophunzira za mpikisano khama mutu dziko mu Yugoslavia. Koma nthawi ino analephera.

chokhumudwitsa loyamba

Mu 1962, ofuna lotsatira mpikisano unachitikira Curacao. Izi zinali ndime yomaliza pamaso Fisher Zimathetsa anayi zaka. Kenako anagonjetsanso, liza m'malo wachinayi. Chifukwa iye anapeza zifukwa ndi mafotokozedwe. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti pakati pa gulu panali osewera ambiri ku Soviet Union. mtundu wa mthunzi chinakhalapo mpaka Bobby sanathenso otsutsa ganizilani zinthu. Kenako anazindikira kuti si mu mpikisano, ndi kupereŵera wa luso lake.

Chitukuko cha ntchito Chess

Kenako anapambana mndandanda wa kupambana kwakukulu mu thupi zapamwamba, anakhala mmodzi wa osewera wamphamvu mu dziko. Pa nthawi imeneyo, Fischer - Chess, chipani omwe unachitikira ku America, pafupifupi 100% zinatha winnings wake, mopitirira kumalimbitsa Mulingo wa losagonjetseka mpira. Pa Open US mu 1963, iye anapambana ndi chifukwa wangwiro. Pa nthawi kuchokera 1960 1970, akutsogolera timu ya dziko lake pa masewero a Olympic a World anakhala 65 masewera: 40 amene ankamukonda 18 anabweretsa Lembani ndipo anataya 7 okha.

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri oyambirira, anayamba zotsatira umboni. Chipanichi ndi osewera abwino mu dziko mu opita mpikisano 1971, anamaliza ndi chifukwa sikunachitekepo - 85% mfundo.

Bobby Fischer - ndi Chess player ndi khalidwe zankhanza

Munthu uyu amaphatikizidwa ndi osowa mphatso Chess ndi wodzimva imfa ndi mochititsa manyazi. Iye nthawizonse ndi kulikonse anafuna kukhala pamwamba mpikisano wina, napempha maudindo. Iye ankakonda kupita kwambiri kuti kuphwanya malamulo, kupanga mwano kuukira woonekeratu pa okonza mpikisano ndi mpikisano. Mwachitsanzo, monga chiwalo cha Interzonal mu Sousse mu 1967, m'mbali ananena kuti, pamaziko a chipembedzo, sangakhoze kumugwira machesi Lachisanu ndi Loweruka zitha kusewera pambuyo seveni koloko madzulo. The okonza n'kupita kukakumana naye ndi zochita za machesi malinga ndi malamulo amenewa. Komabe, pa izi wake "zokhumba" osati pa panobe. Komanso anapempha kuti mpumulo wa chipani Loweruka, nayenso anayamba pokhapokha 19,00. Pempho limeneli womangika, ndithudi, anakanidwa, kenako Bobby Fischer, ndi Chess player ndi khalidwe yoipa ndi chiyani "kumulavulira" lodabwitsa zonse ndiponso osagwiritsa kusonyeza zofanana awiri. Malinga ndi malamulo, maphwando amenewa analephera anayesedwa anataya, poyankha chokana gawo popitilira wapadziko lapansi.

Fisher anasonyeza zotsatira kwambiri, motero mumapezera ulemu mwa osewera. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, Yehova anadzudzula mobwerezabwereza kwa mwano, kuposa ndi zofuna kwambiri pa umunthu wake. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti chinawonjezeka zofunika zonse za mikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa malipiro, achititsa kuti kusintha kwa moyo wapadziko ndi ubwino wa osewera. Makamaka, chifukwa cha kudzudzula ndi Fisher anali kuchuluka kangapo kukula ka mphoto dziwe la Championship dziko. Anzawo zambiri mwanthabwala anamutcha iye "mgwirizano wathu," podziwa pofuna Chess kulemekezedwa.

ngwazi dziko

Mu Championship machesi mu 1972, womwe unachitikira ku Reykjavik, kumene Fischer ankaimba ndi Boris Spassky, iye anapambana ndi mphambu a 12,5: 8.5.

Kuthana machesi ndi Spassky anali womaliza boma machesi ankaimba ndi Fisher. Anapambana mutu wa ngwazi watsopano, anayamba kusewera kawirikawiri, kenako okha chipani mwamwayi. Zisudzo pa thupi chachikulu chinali kenanso. Anthu amene anaona aggravation kuposa chatsopanochi kunyada ngwazi. Ndipo ululu kwambiri kuganiza kuti n'zotheka kugonja anatsogolera chakuti Fischer - Chess player, amene sanathe koma kachiwiri kusangalatsa mafani awo apambane zoona, anatsika kuchokera patali.

Bwanji machesi ndi Karpov

Kale machesi ndi Anatoliem Karpovym ngwazi akulamulira waika patsogolo nambala yaikulu zofunika (64) kuti chipembedzo chake ndi makhalidwe. Ambiri a iwo anali za chikhalidwe mwangwiro othandiza, ngakhale kuti ambiri ankaoneka chidwi. Chakwanira ntchito monga chitsanzo mmodzi wa iwo: Fischer inalamula kuti khomo la chipinda, kumene machesi, onse kuvomerezedwa kuwombera mipango. Pali anthu ena amene zinthu, zomwe ndi bwino zosemphana ndi kukhazikika kumapeto pa nthawi ya mtundu uwu wa mpikisano. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti njira B. Fischer, ndi Chess player, amene sanalole ngakhale kugonjetsedwa kwake, ankasokoneza machesi ndi mdani amene angakhale amphamvu kuposa iye.

Ngwazi panopa wakhazikitsa zofunika otsatirawa malamulo masewera: chiyenera lolimba 10 kuwina masewera, osati ochuluka atamukoka; chiwerengero cha maphwando mu njira iliyonse sayenera malamulo; ngati mphambu ndi 9: 9, mutu akhala ndi Fischer.

Pamene woyamba mfundo ziwiri za machesi nthawi kunali kosatheka kulosera. Iye ukhoza kwa miyezi ingapo, zimene zingakhale zosavomerezeka. Choncho, ntchito wopangidwa mwa mamembala otsogolera weniweni anaganiza kuti 6 masewera anapambana udzakhala wokwanira. Kodi Bobby "anaopseza" ndi kukana kwa Chess korona, ndipo machesi ndi Karpov. Apa, bungwe apanga zokambirana. Chiwerengero cha masewera anapambana anaukitsidwa kwa 9. mfundo Only amene zapamwamba chodabwitsa chilungamo, sanali nawo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza ndalama. Ndipotu, ngati nkhani yogwira ndi 9: 8 mokomera Karpov, ndiye kuti kupambana masewero lotsatira iye amafuna kupambana, ndiye wodandaulayu ali kupambana 2 masewera kuposa ngwazi akulamulira.

Poyankha, Fischer ankakana machesi, amene anataya Chess korona wake. Anatoly Karpov ananena ngwazi, ndi kuchita Fisher kwa nthawi yaitali takambirana mu chilengedwe Chess.

reclusion

Bobby Fischer - ndi Chess player (onani pansipa chithunzi.), Amene ali ndi khalidwe eccentric zimenezi, patapita analephera machesi ndi Karpov sachita mu boma Mpikisano Chess. Amadziwika kuti 1976-1977, iye anasonyeza kuti akufuna kugwira machesi ndi ngwazi akulamulira Karpov ndi zokambirana ngakhale imachitika pa nkhaniyi. Koma iwo sanali bwino, ndipo msonkhano sizinachitike. , Imatchedwanso kuti osewera ena otero Enrike Meking, Svetozar Gligoric, Viktor Korchnoi ndi Jan Timman, komanso anali ndi chidwi Fisher monga Otsutsa osiyanasiyana, komanso nawo masewera ndi sizinawakhudze.

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri mochedwa, atolankhani inanena kuti Fischer anagwirizana ndi chipembedzo "World Mpingo wa Mlengi." Komabe, patapita mapeto analephera a dziko, amene ankaneneratu mtsogoleri wake, udatuluka mwa mpatuko limene.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo ndi imfa

Mpaka 1992, dzina la Chess Fischer pafupifupi sizinayambe m'nyuzipepala. Mu chaka chomwecho mwadzidzidzi atavomereza maganizo a banki Yugoslavia malonda kusewera machesi ndi Anatoliem Karpovym. Fischer kupambana, koma monga taonera otsutsa ambiri, onse ambuye wa luso poyerekeza chakuti asonyeza mu 1970, ndipo akuchepa kwambiri.

Zotsatirazi chigonjetso Pambuyo kumuyalutsa munthu, kusiyana ndi ofesi msonkho ndi US Department State. chakuti Fisher, adatenga mbali machesi, chosemphana ndi embargo lonse, chomwe mu Kunyanyala la Yugoslavia, analengezeratu United States. Komanso, iye sanali misonkho pa winnings. Pambuyo Bobby anachita osati mosakondera analankhula za boma US. Chifukwa, izo anatsika chakuti pasipoti ake anathetsedwa. Patapita kanthawi iye anayesa kupeza States, iye anamangidwa ndipo analamulidwa kuti miyezi 8 m'ndende.

Pambuyo undende wake wonse, anakhala ku Iceland, mu Reykjavik. Anafa Bobby Fischer - ndi Chess player amene yonena ladzala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndiponso zotsutsana, matenda a impso January 17, 2008.