Asuri - ndi amene iwo? Culture, chipembedzo, mbiri

Anthu a Asuri ali ndi chikhalidwe chidwi lalikulu cholowa zakale zomwe ukhale kwa zaka zambiri. Ngakhale kuti boma Asuri anagwa kumbuyo mu zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, mtundu akalipo ndi kukhala. Izi mosakayikira, chodabwitsa imafunanso kuuzidwa ndi anthu kudziwa za izo. Asuri - ndi amene iwo? Kuyankha funso ili si mophweka, koma tidzayesetsa kuchita izo m'nkhaniyi.

Mbiri ya boma Asuri

Ufumu wa Asuri inatha linakhalapo mu 612, ndipo kuyambira mtundu, wotchedwa ndi Asuri, wamoyo popanda boma lawo. Ngati ife kulankhula za dziko mbiri ya fuko, iyo ili pa dera la Mesopotamia (tsopano Iraq). Chimodzi Kodi mukuganiza zotani pofuna apangidwa ndi anthu a Asuri, osati kuphunzira, musati kumwaza padziko lonse, osati kutha kwa mapu dziko. Ndipo iwo anachita - Anthu Asuri tsopano tikukhala mu Caucasus, Tatarstan, Iraq, Turkey, ndi United States ndipo amakhala pafupi zedi ndi mzake.

Asuri - mtundu. Koma pa yomweyo woimira anthu akhoza alibe unzika wa Asuri, chifukwa dziko lino kulibe lero.

Culture Asuri dziko

Culture, amene lero anali Asuri, anabadwa ndi ntchito nthawi imene chitukuko anthu anali pa chiyambi chake. Ufumu wa Asuri inatenga pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri, mzinda anamangapo, kulenga zomangamanga kasamalidwe ntchito misonkho. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zikhalidwe olemera kwambiri m'dziko, chifukwa ali zinachitikira nthaŵi yaitali. zinthu zina zambiri zimene ife ntchito, akhala ndi kapena anatsegula kwa ife, anthu amakono, Asuri wakale.

kulemba

mwapadera ayenera Asuri olembedwa. nzeru zonse za moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi anthu tinatsiriza mapale. Poyamba ntchito pictography (zinthu image, maonekedwe awo akunja). Popeza zithunzi ngati njira kulankhulana zimatenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri, ndi kunadetsa chosavuta, koma osati inasanduka zakale. Inki chitukuko wakale kulimbikitsa dongo, koma chida cha kulemba - ndodo lakuthwa, planed nkhuni.

Matailosi, limene Asuri wakale analemba okha ndipo kuzungulira dziko, ndiyeno zouma ndi zipolopolo kuti lolembedwa si anakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi kapena nthawi.

Amadziwika kuti sukulu analiko Asuri. Pa yomanga miyala anapezeka, amene anali kudziwika monga "chida cha ophunzira chiphunzitso." Kuphunzira script chomwecho anapatsidwa zaka zinayi. Kenako ife tinapeza kuti ngakhale yunivesite anali ku Mesopotamiya, mwina koyamba kwa anthu. Iwo anaphunzira kulemba, malamulo ndiponso kupenta. Mwatsoka, zizindikiro homuweki ndi nkhani ndiribe waliteteza. Asayansi amati matailosi ndi ankapatsidwa manja zosamveka. Ndipo kenako mabodza, osati pakati kuti zaka zambiri wathu wapadera njira zophunzitsira.

chilankhulo chanji chimalankhulidwa Asuri?

Chinenero cha Asuri ndi osakaniza a kum'mawa Chiaramu m'zilembo amene etymologically wa banja la zilankhulo Afro-muthu. Mu chinenero chimalankhulidwa osati Asuri amene amakhala mu Iran, Turkey, Iraq ndi Syria, komanso alendo m'dera la Russia, ndi United States. Zolembalemba chinenero cha Asuri unakhazikitsidwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Inasindikizidwa ndi lofalitsidwa ndi atolankhani, mabuku. M'chilankhulo cha zinazika mizu mawu ambiri achilendo.

Bakuman Asuri: chipembedzo ndi chikhulupiriro

Yambani nkhani ya chipembedzo Asuri n'zomveka ku nthano za m'Baibulo. Lake kuchengeta ndi kulemekeza Asuri. Chipembedzo ndi malo a ulemu, kotero nkhani amadziwika aliyense. Akamanena za kuti munthu wa Amagi, amene anadza kwa khandalo Yesu ndi mphatso, inali ndi Asuri dziko. Kuonetsetsa kuti Mesiya wobadwanso mu dziko, wamatsenga adabwerera kwa anthu ake ndipo yatengedwa uthenga wabwino umene anachita chozizwitsa, ndi mpulumutsi anabadwa mu m'nyumba iliyonse.

chipembedzo Asuri ndi Baibulo wapadera wa Chikhristu otchedwa Nestorius. Umo ndi momwe Asuri ndikukhulupirira. iwo amene mwa chikhulupiriro? Olondola kuwatcha Akristu, koma wapadera.

The zikamera wa Nestorians

Panali malangizo chipembedzo za m'ma wachisanu. woyambitsa The imatengedwa kuti ndi Chimonko, dzina lache Nestor ndipo kenako kholo la Constantinople. positi A unachitikira kwa zaka zinayi, kuyambira 428 kwa chaka 431. Pankhani ya Nestorians chipembedzo, iwo anaganiza mbali zambiri za chiphunzitso cha Arius. Kumbukirani chikhulupiriro cha Arius anakanidwa ngati chisokonezo ndi Choyamba Zazipembedzo Council mu 325, kuyambira anakana chiphunzitso cha Yesu monga mtumiki Mulungu. Inde, Nestorius ali zambiri zosiyana motsimikiza, ndizo pamalo a Yesu Khristu monga Mulungu (Christianity) osati monga munthu (Aria), koma ngati cholengedwa, amene anali ndi nkhope anthu ndi Mulungu mkati. The nkhawa ndi kuti Yesu Khristu anali pachiyambi cha awiri: Mulungu ndi anthu, ndi mosavuta anapatukana.

Mogwirizana ndi maganizo a chikhalidwe cha Yesu Khristu, pa Nestorians zinthu zina ndi chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Njirayi imatchedwa Hristoroditsey Musapembedze monga achitira Orthodox. Pankhani sakaramenti, iwo Nestorians converge ndi ubatizo chikhalidwe, ansembe yachiyanjano, chirango. Kuwonjezera izi, chinsinsi mu chikhulupiriro amaonedwa chotupitsa woyera ndi chizindikiro cha mtanda.

Asuri Church amakonda mapemphero Thaddeus ndi Mark mlaliki, zinalembedwa pamene anali ku Yerusalemu. Kulambira ikuchitika padziko chinenero starosiriyskom. Zizindikiro ndi mafano oimira oyera si zinthu kuvomerezedwa mu mipingo. Ansembe kusakwatira ndi ndondomeko Asuri Church Ikutchula kukwatira ngakhale pambuyo Kudzozedwa.

chizunzo

Lachitatu Zazipembedzo Council Nestorianism zowawa zomwezo chisoni tsoka monga chikhulupiriro cha Arius - anapezeka chisokonezo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Nestorians moyo Madera, atsogoleri amene amadziwa Catholicos-Makolo akale. Mu 1968, chiphunzitso unagawika masukulu awiri, payokha alipo lero. The sukulu choyamba - Asuri Mpingo, malo amene, n'zosadabwitsa, ndi mu chikhalidwe US la Illinois. The chachiwiri, otchedwa Ancient Church wa East, anakakhala ku Baghdad (Iraq).

The mzaka zana makumi awiri: Asuri, amene iwo ali lero?

Kusamukira ku gawo Russian ya Asuri inayamba 1918, pamene zinadziwika: ku Turkey iwo monga kuwonongedwa. Phwando iwo anapanga bungwe ofunda kwambiri, umene unali chifukwa nawo anthu mu First World nkhondo pa mbali ya asilikali Russian. Ambiri, m'zaka makumi awiri inali yamagazi kwa Asuri, amene anali kawiri kuchita nkhondo ndi nkhanza ndi Turkey. Ngakhale ambiri a Asuri anali zikumangidwa ziyembekezo pa Russia monga mpulumutsi wa Akristu East ku goli, ndipo ngakhale chiwonongeko chotheratu. Iwo analonjeza kudziyimira pawokha ndi mphamvu zikuluzikulu, koma pamene nkhondoyo inatha, kufunika kukwaniritsa malonjezo kwambiri chinazilala mu maziko.

Pafupifupi theka la Asuri tikukhala mu Russian Ufumu, anaphedwa pankhondo yoyamba. kotala A anadwala kupondereza zaka makumi angapo. Ndiye nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anabwera mu 1941 pa dera la Russia, kachiwiri anapha Asuri ambiri amene phewa ndi phewa ndi mayiko ena kumenyana Fascism. Ndipo potsiriza, athamangitsidwe ya Asuri ku Siberia mu 1949 zinachititsa chakuti pafupifupi hafu ya anthu onse amene anathawira anaphedwa zotsatirazi yozizira chifukwa cha kusowa zovala zotentha.

Mu 1956, analoledwa kubwerera ku Caucasus kwawo. Kodi Asuri moyo lero. iwo ndi ndani zimenezi? Chifukwa moyo mu Tatarstan, mu Caucasus, Iraq, Turkey ndi United States? Location anathawa, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa apatsidwa mbiri, tsopano kudziwa owerenga.