Kodi matendawa ndi otani? Zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, mankhwala

Ubongo ischemia, stroke, matenda a mtima ndi encephalopathies amaonedwa ngati matenda aakulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri amathera pamapeto. Pakati pa ubongo wambiri wa ubongo, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kwa ubongo. Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu la matenda. Iwo amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa dysstrophic mu ubongo wazing'onoting'ono ndipo kumayambitsa kuswa kwa ntchito zake. Chizindikiro cha matenda chimasiyana, ndipo chithunzi cha kuchipatala chikusiyana. Imodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezereka ndiyo matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Zizindikiro ndi njira zochizira matenda zidzafotokozedwa m'nkhani ino.

Zosintha mu ubongo zotsutsana ndi msinkhu wa matenda oopsa

Ngakhale kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi imodzi m'maganizo a magazi kumakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wamagazi amanjenje. Ziwiya zonse zing'onozing'ono zimayambitsa matendawa, koma ziwalozo zimadwala kwambiri. Zitha kuphatikizapo impso, mtima ndi ubongo.

Powonjezera kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, njira yotetezera ya mitsempha ya magazi imatsekedwa, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kuwononga. Ndi khola lolimba lomwe limakhala ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, mitsempha ya mitsempha yamakono imakula pang'ono, hypertrophies. Kuwala kwa zitsulo kumachepetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale losalekeza. Maonekedwe a hypertensive of ischemia amayamba, omwe amatchedwa kuti discirculatory encephalopathy.

Kuwonjezereka kofulumira ndi kutchulidwa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti chigoba chamkati cha ziwiya chiwonongeke. Mitengo yambiri ya arterioles imalowetsedwa ndi ziwalo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kutsekedwa kwa makoma a zing'onozing'ono ndi magazi kumapezeka. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi chitukuko chokhazikika. Choncho, ngati muwona zizindikiro za matendawa panthawi yake ndipo funsani dokotala, mutha kupewa zotsatira zoipa.

Kuchulukanso koopsa kwambiri ndi chiyani?

Izi ndizo matenda omwe amayamba mu ubongo chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa magazi. Kodi ndi magawo ati omwe amalingaliridwa kuti akuthawa kuchoka ku chizoloŵezi? Matenda a m'magazi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya systolic pamwamba pa 140 mm Hg. Ndipo diastolic - oposa 90 mm Hg. Art. Mu 1928, asayansi Oppenheimer ndi Fishberg anafotokoza zizindikiro ndi matenda a pathogenesis a matenda monga matenda oopsa kwambiri (ICD-10 code - I-67.4).

Zimayambitsa matenda

Kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira. Chimodzi mwa zovuta za matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi matenda osokoneza maganizo. Malingana ndi ICD-10, matendawa ndi a matenda a kayendedwe kake. Zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwamtundu wa magazi zingathe kugawidwa kukhala congenital ndi kupeza. Madokotala amanena kuti chiopsezo cha matenda oopsa kwambiri chikuwonjezeka kangapo, ngati achibale ake apamtima akudwala matendawa. Komabe, mtundu wa matendawa umapezeka makamaka pakati pa achinyamata. Kwa okalamba, chofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matenda oopsa kwambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi moyo wa munthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Zizolowezi zoipa;
• Cholesterol Chokwera;
• Kuledzeretsa kwa thupi;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• Matenda ena.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi sikungathandize kuti chitukukochi chikule bwino. Mitsuko ya ubongo imasinthira pang'ono ndi dziko lino. Kuthamanga kwapanikizika koopsa kumaonedwa kuti ndi koopsa kwambiri. Zingathe kupangitsa kuti zisokonezeke komanso zisinthe.

Mawonetseredwe a chipatala

Pali mitundu iwiri ya matendawa. Kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri kumakhala ndi mavuto osinthika. Amadutsa chinsalu cha edema ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa magazi. Zizindikiro za matenda osagwira mtima nthawi yoyamba sizilongosoka bwino, ndipo zimapezeka pokhapokha panthawi yamavuto a zachipatala. Kukula kwa matenda kumaphatikizidwa ndi mavuto a magalimoto, maganizo ndi zidziwitso. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa ndizo pansipa.

Matenda opatsirana

Kuchuluka kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri kumayamba pakadali pano, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasiyana. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidziwitso, kupanikizika kumawonjezeka mpaka 180-190 mm Hg kumaonedwa kukhala kovuta. Art. Mu anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ndi hypotension, izi zimakhala zochepa ndipo ndi 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

Zina mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi izi:

• Kumutu kwabwino, komwe kumapezeka mu gawo la occipital;
• Nsomba, kusanza;
• Masomphenya;
• Kutaya mtima kwakukulu;
• Zosayembekezereka zochitika paresis;
• Makhalidwe oipa.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kupeza thandizo lachipatala.

Chizolowezi cha matendawa

Kuchepetsa matenda opatsirana kwambiri kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Gawo lirilonse liri ndi chithunzi china chachipatala.

Pa gawo loyamba, pali zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, zomwe zingasokonezedwe ndi mawonetseredwe a matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka kwa mutu kumatulutsidwa kuti upepetse nkhawa, kuyesa kuwaletsa ndi analgesics wamba. Komanso, odwala amadandaula za kusokonezeka, kumveka m'makutu, kufooka thupi lonse. Zizindikiro zoterezi sizimadziwika kawirikawiri, makamaka ukalamba. Chotsatira chake, matenda opatsirana kwambiri amapita ku gawo lotsatira la chitukuko.

Pachigawo chachiwiri, zizindikirozo zimakhalabe zofanana, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri komanso zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi maganizo a munthu (kusasamala, kutaya mtima, kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'maganizo). Kuchulukanso koopsa kwa chikhalidwe chachiwiri kumakhudza machitidwe a anthu. Iye mwamsanga amatopa, amataya zifukwa, kuthekera kukonza zochita zawo. Nthawi zina zotsatizana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi khalidwe zimakhala ngati nthawi yokambirana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Pa siteji yachitatu, matenda omwe alipo m'magazi akuwonjezeka. Ndi zotupa za ubongo, kugwidwa khunyu sikunathetsedwe . Odwala achikulire, matenda opatsirana kwambiri amachititsa kuti chithandizo cha Parkinsonian matenda chitheke.

Kufufuza Zamankhwala

Kuzindikira matendawa kumapangidwa chifukwa cha madandaulo odwala, mbiri, zizindikiro zambiri. Zotsatira za kafukufuku wakale zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kuvuta kwa matendawa kungakhale kuti maonekedwe a ubongo ndi ofanana ndi chithunzi cha matenda ena. Ena mwa anthuwa amatha kukhala ndi vuto la ubongo, kupweteka. Choncho, musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, wodwalayo ayenera kuyesedwa:

• Kufufuza magazi ndi mkodzo;
• MRI, CT ya ubongo;
• Zojambulajambula;
• Electroencephalography.

Kuonjezerapo, zingakhale zofunikira kuyendera akatswiri a kunja (katswiri wa cardiologist, wodwala, wa nephrologist, wotchedwa endocrinologist).

Mfundo za chithandizo

Mtundu wodwala wa matendawa umafuna nthawi yomweyo kuchipatala. Wodwala amadziwika mu chipinda cholandirira kwambiri, kumene zizindikiro zonse zofunika nthawi zonse zimayang'aniridwa.

Kodi ndi mankhwala otani omwe akuuzidwa kuti apeze "matenda osokoneza maganizo"? Chithandizo chimayamba ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zokonzekera izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi:

• "Diazoxide".
• "Hydralazine."
• "Nitroprusside."
• "Nitroglycerin."

Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi "Diazoxide". Motsogoleredwa ndi chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa amatha kufanana pakati pa mphindi zisanu, ndipo zotsatira za kumwa mankhwala zimakhalabe maola 6 mpaka 18. Mankhwalawa samakhudza chidziwitso cha wodwalayo ndipo sichimayambitsa kugona, chomwe ndi mwayi waukulu. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kungayambitse chitukuko cha reflex tachycardia, kotero chimatsutsana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ischemia a mtima.

Ganglia-blockers amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuimika kuthamanga kwa magazi mu matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Gulu la mankhwalawa likuphatikizapo mankhwala awa:

• "Labetalol."
• "Pentolinium."
• "Fentolamine."
• "Trimetafan".

Mankhwala omwe adatchulidwa amawonekera mwachangu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zotsatira zambiri. Pakati pa mimba, ntchito yawo imaletsedwa, popeza pali mwayi wopita padera.

Mavuto a matendawa, komanso ovuta, malinga ndi ICD-10 ali ndi code I-67.4. Kuchulukanso kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mtundu wopita patsogolo m'zigawo zoyambirira kuli ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi izo, koma mankhwalawa ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mwachizoloŵezi cha matendawa, panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mawonekedwe a zamagetsi, mavitamini, ma nootropics amauzidwa. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito "Trental", kukonzekera aspirin, "Dipiridamol". Ndizovuta kwa khalidwe labwino, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Thandizo labwino komanso labwino panthaŵi yake limathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda monga matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kodi gulu lolemala ndilo?

Funso lachilengedwe limakhala lochokera kwa achibale ambiri a odwala, pamene chithunzi chachipatala cha matendawa chimachitika mwamphamvu. Mmene wodwalayo amachitira, zimachitika bwino, ndipo izi zimalepheretsa munthu kukhala ndi luso lake komanso moyo wa nthawi zonse. Kulemala ndi ubongo ndi kotheka, makamaka pa digiri yachiwiri ndi yachitatu. Amapatsidwa ndi chisankho cha komiti ya zachipatala. Kufufuza kwa ntchito ya wodwalayo sikungotengera mbiri yake yokha, komanso zotsatira za kufufuza ndi kusanthula bwino.

Njira zothandizira

Kuchepetsa matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhudza thupi lonse. Ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa molimba mtima kuti matendawa ndi ololedwa kuthana ndi vuto lachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati palibe mankhwala abwino. Kusunga malamulo ophweka ochepetsetsa kumathandiza kupeŵa maonekedwe ake.

Choyamba, ndikofunika kuyang'ana kupanikizika kwa magazi. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto ndi zovuta za munthu wamakono zimaonekera chifukwa cha njira yake ya moyo. Chakudya cholakwika, kusautsika nthawi zonse, kusagwira ntchito, zizoloŵezi zoipa - zinthu izi posachedwa zimayambitsa matenda. Choncho, ntchito ya masewera otsika mtengo, zakudya zabwino komanso malingaliro abwino zidzathandiza kuti sitimazo zikhale bwino kwa nthawi yaitali.