Ali Mammoth Cave - phanga yaitali mu dziko?

Tikati "Mammoth Cave", mungathe kuona m'maganizo zinthu zakale wa zimphona Ice Age amene anatulukira apainiya m'zipinda mobisa. Ndipotu English mawu Mammoth ndi "yaikulu". Choncho phanga ziribe kanthu kochita ndi amphamvu ndi. Komabe, n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kudzacheza. Izi ndi zodabwitsa mobisa dziko wopangidwa mwa zipinda chimphona, mipita yaitali, nthambi tambirimbiri. Apa mitsinje, phokoso mathithi, pali nyanja. The Mammoth Cave zimapezeka zinyama wapadera - eyeless nkhanu, nsomba akhungu. kukhotakhota uku mobisa akadali asanamvetsetse. Panthawi tikhoza kulankhula za mazana asanu ndi eyite seveni makilomita kutalika. Ndipo ichi chithunzi ozunguza amasonyeza Mammoth Cave atsogoleri chopanda malire tambirimbiri yaitali mobisa. Koma ndi kudutsa aliyense cavers chaka kupeza malemba latsopano ndi maholo! Za zodabwitsa za pansi pa nthaka, kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Ali Mammoth Cave

Potengera mmene yaikulu ya ngalande, tikhoza kunena kuti iwo kutambasula pansi lonse Ridge mwala Ridge (mwala Ridge) pa chimathandiza kumadzulo ya Appalachian mapiri. Mammoth Cave ali lotulukira angapo pamwamba. Ndipo kale izo ankakhulupirira kuti Crystal, mchere, osadziwika - ena dongosolo mobisa. Komabe Speleological maphunziro amene amachitika pakati pa atumwi wotsiriza, aona kuti onse ogwirizana ndi Mammoth. Mu 1972, kukaona asayansi kupeza ndime mu dongosolo yaikulu mobisa tambirimbiri Fisher Ridge. Chief, pakhomo boma ili pafupi ndi tauni ya Brownsville (Kentucky, USA). makilomita makumi asanu ndi atatu kutali ndi mzinda wa Bowling Green, amene phanga kulumikiza misewu 31E, 31W ndi Ine 65. The ndege yapafupi zili Indianapolis, ndipo Nashville.

mtengo

Kuyambira pamenepo, asayansi anakhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa ngalande pansi lokwera Fisher ndi mwala, Mammoth Cave anakhala yaitali padziko lonse. Pa mfundo imeneyi, ya UNESCO mu 1981 m'gulu mu mndandanda wake wa zachilengedwe World Heritage malo (ku nambala 150). Ngati inu kulumikiza phanga, agwilitse wachiwiri ndi wachitatu yaitali mu dziko, ndiyeno Mammoth kuti kupitilira ndi pa wamtunda wokwana milingo zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mwalamulo, ndi chilengedwe zodabwitsa za chilengedwe wotchedwa Mammoth-mwala Ridge Cave System. Iwo akhoza likumasuliridwa kuti "Giant dongosolo phanga pansi lokwera mwala." Koma osati chifukwa cha kukula kwa malo awa kukaona mwa alendo. Mammoth Cave (chithunzi zikusonyeza) ndi mmene kudabwa alendo ake. Apa thupi mummified anapezeka mu Indian, amene anamwalira zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo pamene ulimi wa gypsum. Chifukwa cha microclimate wapadera ndi pakalibe bakiteria mu mpweya ndi zovala mwangwiro anasunga cadaver minofu. Tanena kale za anthu zachinsinsi za eyeless mitsinje mobisa Echo ndi Styx. Asayansi sangathenso koma monga zilombo kwa mtundu uliwonse chodziwika cha nsomba. Mozungulira Mammoth Cave National Park inakhazikitsidwa kuti kuteteza zachilengedwe pristine ndi anthu mileme.

Kodi anali dongosolo phanga

Kumayambiriro, pa malo a lamakono a Kentucky akukhatira osaya ndi ofunda nyanja. Mamiliyoni mollusks alalamambo m'madzi, ndi zipolopolo awo Amira pansi, kutha, mbamuikha goli la ena. Zimenezi ndi zamphamvu mmene anajambulapo mapangidwe. Ndiye nyanja anayamba kuphwera, kuchititsa lonse ndi madzi wosanjikiza sandstone Big Clift. Pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi zapitazo anayamba karsting anajambulapo ndondomeko. Sandstone zinthu ngati chophimbira: sanalole mvula madzi othamanga kutali choko pamwamba. anajambulapo washout zinachitika mu matumbo a dziko lapansi madzi a mtsinje wakale mobisa. Choncho, Mammoth Cave ndi chidwi kuti pali pang'ono lililonse mapanga formations - stalactites ndi stalagmites. Only m'madera ena, Madzi a mvula mokhomerera lotulukira pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, ndipo zinawukhira kudzera sandstone ndi, analenga zipinda "Achisanu Niagara" ndi ena.

Kutsegula kuphanga

Pachipata chachikulu, komanso mipata ina kuti anali musanayambe zochitikazi lazami ena m'mapanga, izo kalekale bwino Amwenye m'deralo. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi manda munthu ndipo matupi a mitolo akufa ndi charred wa bango, zomwe ofufuza za ntchito ngati miyuni achikale. Malemu getter pulasitala chisoni zisanu tani changati chimwalacho, anapeza makilomita asanu kuchokera pakhomo. Koma pakati pa azungu Mammoth Cave izo anadziwika kokha mu 1797, kenako okha mwangozi. alenje awiri kuthamangitsa ndi grizzly anavulazidwa anaona athandizira yaikulu mu matumbo a dziko lapansi.

kupanga malo nitrate ndi chikhomo m'dera

Atsamunda akhama yomweyo anapeza ntchito anapeza wake. mwamuna woyamba, B. Simoni, ndiri nazo pano nitrate potaziyamu ndi olemera, chifukwa panali nkhondo ndi England. Mu yamtendere, pamene kufunika kwa amapanga chigawo chimodzi cha onga anagwa, m'phanga wakhala kukopa m'deralo. Basi ndiye anatulukira ndi Malemu ya Indian. Pokopa alendo ochepa kuphanga, mwiniwake, F. Gorin mu 1838 yoikidwiratu kalozera kapolo wake, Stephen Bishop. Iwo anali munthu choyamba tiyenera mapu kukhotakhota mobisa. Bishop anakwanitsa kufika mwa "dzenje lopanda mapeto" ndi kupeza kuti Mammoth Cave, kutalika imene ndiye ankaona kuti makilomita 16, kutalika kwambiri - 40 Km. Phunziro ili likutithandizanso mtumiki anabwera ndi maholo ambiri mayina ndi tambirimbiri, amene tsopano ntchito ndi atsogoleri ano.

Chipatala chaching'ono, malo osungirako

Dzh.Kogan anagula phanga ndi mu m'thumba Bishop kwa mwiniwake woyamba ndipo anaganiza kukhazikitsa mu matumbo a dziko lapansi chipatala chaching'ono cha consumptive. Odwala samabwera kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono kutchuka kwa Mammoth Cave monga kukopa alendo mu mkhalidwe. Mu 30s Mu zaka zapitazo ndi anthu am'deralo wa litigation apanga kupatuka m'dziko mozungulira pakhomo pa ana Kogan. Mu 1941, panali Mammoth Cave National Park - «Mammoth Cave - National Park".

maulendo

Chaka chilichonse phanga kukaona ndi alendo pafupifupi 500 zikwi. Oyang'anira wa National Park amapereka alendo angapo mitundu ya maulendo, osiyana mu nthawi, ndalama, kutalika njira ndi kapangidwe kake. Mitengo kuyamba pa madola anayi (kutsegula maola ulendo). Makamaka otchuka zisanu ndi ola ulendo (12 USD). Alendo timathera Cleveland Avenue, amene makoma kukawala ku gypsum. Ndiye apaulendo ndi kuluma mu "Table Snowman." njira chimadutsa ndi lopapatiza kwambiri gorge Boone Avenue ndipo itha mu holo "Achisanu Niagara." Younikira njira zonse ulendowu magetsi. Koma mukhoza kuphunzira mmene angapezere Mammoth Cave kale, pamene ankayendera apainiya. Kuchita izi, ndipo alipo ena ochepa "chilombo" maulendo (46 USD). Alendo amapatsidwa zipewa, miyuni, ndipo iwo adutsa ndikuyenda Nyumba za Ufumu mobisa ndi tambirimbiri, nthawi zina ndi kukwera mu fumbi.