Ali Madagascar? The Republic of Madagascar: history, zowoneka, chidwi mfundo

The Republic of Madagascar, photos, zambiri mbiri ndiponso zokopa waukulu amene anapereka m'nkhani - malo wapadera. Ikukhala ngati yaikulu Nature Reserve. Chilumba wazunguliridwa ndi Indian Ocean, ndipo kowonera zakale chilengedwe cha paleontology. Apa mudzapeza lalikulu theka chipululu, kumene kuli cacti ndi spinous zomera baobabs.

Alendo amakopeka ndi ofiira ndi mapiri obiriwira wa Madagascar yokutidwa Nepenthes - chomera wakudya tizilombo. Apa mudzapeza makilomita ambiri Magombe ndi nkhalango wodzazidwa ndi maluwa okongola. Ravenaly ndiponso maluwa zimapezeka mu Madagascar. Apa inunso kupeza mathithi, geysers ndi nyanja kwabasi ili mu zimaphala la mapiri zinatha. Madagascar - ndi wapadera pachilumba chikhalidwe malo, wapafupi kugombe la kum'mawa la South Africa, anapambulwa pa izo mwa Mozambique Channel. A zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe ukhoza kubweretsa woona zosangalatsa apaulendo.

Anthu woyamba wa chisumbucho

Tikupereka inu choyamba timudziwe bwino mbiri ya dziko lino chidwi, monga Republic of Madagascar. Chidwi mfundo za mtundu chilumba achuluka. Tiona yekha pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya tawuni yake.

Malinga ndi nthano, anthu ochokera Africa anali anthu omwe anali oyamba Madagascar. Amadziwika monga Mika, kapena Apigime, vazimba. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, anthu oyamba anawonekera kuno mu zaka 2-5. Tikuyankhula zokhudza anthu a mitundu Austronesian, kusambira mu bwato chilumba. Kenako apa anabwera Bantu mafuko, amene adalipo m'madera ili pafupi ndi madzi. ana Austronesian n'kukakhala kale, anatenga pakati pachilumbachi. Mozungulira m'ma 10 chifukwa cha kuyanjana ndi anthu Austronesian la African anayambitsa adzadziwire anthu amene ankadzitcha Chimalagasi.

Aluya ndi Marco Polo

Aluya anafika ku Madagascar m'zaka 7, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo chilumba anayamba kuoneka umboni olembedwa. Akukhulupirira kuti Marco Polo anapereka dzina la Madagascar. Mu Maulendo Ake apaulendo otchulidwa chuma ambirimbiri amene ali Madeigaskar. Komabe, n'zotheka kuti anali doko la Mogadishu, likulu Somalia, ndipo osati konse za chilumba. Komabe, dzina munakhala ndi wafika masiku athu.

Kufika ku Ulaya

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 15-16. Azungu anafika pa chilumba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zimenezi zachitika pamene sitimayo Diogo días, munthu wapaulendo ku Italy, kuchoka akafike India. chombo European woyamba anafika pa kugombe la Madagascar. Chifukwa pa chilumbachi anali ndi udindo wofunika kwa amalonda zonunkhira, envelopu lonse la Africa, France ndi Britain anayesa kukhazikitsa outposts chake pano. Komabe, anthu am'deralo ankhanza ndi yovuta nyengo, matenda chifukwa, kuchita ntchito ili pafupi zosatheka.

Mzembela pa Island

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 17, Madagascar ankatchedwa chilumba paradaiso kwa achifwamba ndi amalonda. Ichi chinali chifukwa malo yabwino, komanso chakuti panali pafupifupi palibe boma la chitsamunda. Chilumba ankatchedwa chachiwiri kwawo ngati achifwamba wotchuka ngati William Kidd, Robert Drury, Dzhon Bouen, ndi ena. chithunzi pamwambapa zikusonyeza manda a achifwamba (Santa Maria).

Activities Maurice Benevskaya

Mu 1772, Moritz Benevskaya, Slovakia adventurer, anabwera ndi dongosolo la chitukuko cha Madagascar. Louis XV anamuthandiza izi. Mu February 1774 Moritz Anafika pano limodzi ndi amalinyero 237 ndi alonda 21. Aaborijini analibe kukana, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anayamba kumanga mzinda wotchedwa Luibur, omwe anakhala likulu la chilumbachi. atsogoleri mu 1776 anasankhidwa Benevskaya mfumu. Komabe, makhalidwe France mantha Slovakia, lomwe kale anatha kulenga asilikali palokha wa m'deralo. Boma anaima kuti amuthandize. Chifukwa, Benevskaya anakakamizika abwerere mapulani ake ndi kubwerera ku Paris.

Mphamvu pachilumba cha m'ma 19

M'zaka za m'ma 19, ndi Merina, boma zinalili mu mapiri ndi kudzipatula chikhalidwe cha Madagascar, waneneratu kukopa kwake pa chilumba chonse. Radama I mu 1818, analengeza mfumu. Mpaka 1896 ufumuwo analamulira chilumba. mfumu yake yomaliza anagwetsedwa ndi French, amene 1883 tidakocheza pano.

French protectorate mu 1890, wotetezedwa thandizo la England. France Komabe, ayenera kuzindikira mphamvu ya England mu Zanzibar ndi Tanganyika. A ufumu chakwawo 1897 potsiriza wataya mphamvu zake.

M'ma 20 m'mbiri ya dziko

Pambuyo 1940 Germany litalanda France, asilikali British wotanganidwa chilumba. Iwo kumbuyo pa matenda chilumba Japanese chidwi kwa ife. Germany anayesetsa kuchita dongosolo lake "Madagascar", imene pano ayenera kusuntha 4 miliyoni Ayuda European.

Kamodzi mu 1943, mbali ya Gaullist France anagwira mphamvu, chosintha zipolowe inayamba mu Madagascar. Mu 1947, iwo zinachititsa nkhondo ufulu. Mu 1958, France mwapatsidwa ufulu kwa madera ake, ngakhale kuti kugalukira anali kuletsedwa. October 14, 1958 anali atalengeza yoyenda yokha Chimalagasi Republic, limene linali pansi pa protectorate la France. Ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka 2, mabwalo ananena ufulu wodzilamulira. Mphamvu zinali mu manja la Democratic Social Party, kutsogozedwa ndi Philibert Tsiranana.

Mu 1972, pachilumba ndi ndale zinachititsa kuti akuluakulu analandira usilikali, kutsogozedwa ndi General Ramanantsoa. Komabe, December 31, 1974 wamkulu wa inachotsedwa positi anthu ake apamtima. Mphamvu zinali mu manja a chikwatu asilikali.

Mapangidwe Democratic Republic of Madagascar

Mu 1975 panali boma la Democratic Republic of Madagascar. yomanga zokomera anayamba pachilumbachi. Madagascar anayamba kulimbikitsa ubale ndi Soviet Union. Perestroika ku Soviet Union zinachititsa kuti zoterezi pa chisumbu chotchedwa Madagascar. Republic anabwezeretsa dongosolo lawo multiparty yekha mu 1990. A chionetsero ndi boma anawomberedwa mu 1991. The democratization ndi msika kusintha wayamba kuyambira utsogoleri Albera Zafi, amene anayamba kulamulira mu 1992

Mu Madagascar, January 31, 2009 panali ziwonetsero kupokanyisana na boma. Chifukwa, izo Andrew Rajoelina, meya likulu, ananena kuti pulezidenti. zokhumba izi adzaweruzidwa ndi mayiko ambiri.

Nawa zikuluzikulu chachikulu cha mbiriyakale kuti wopyoza Republic of Madagascar. zokonda zake zambiri, m'nkhani ino tikambirana ochepa a iwo.

Antananarivo m'dera

Boma likulu, Antananarivo (Tana), - ndi lalikulu ndi mzinda chidwi kwambiri. Zokwanira zokongola Imerina dziko wakale kumene pafupi likulu ili. Chachikulu minda mpunga interspersed pano ndi dziko yaiwisi mu kumpoto, gorge lagawidwa mapiri ndi nyanja yozungulira yakhalapo zopatulika za mitengo ya zipatso.

Antananarivo m'dera - ndi dengu la mkate wa dziko, mbiri yakale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe likulu lake. Chidwi kwambiri kwa alendo ali mabwinja a kumpanda wa Mfumu Ralambu zokhudza zana la 16. Iwo ali pa phiri Ambuhidrabibi. Chidwi ndi nyumba yachifumu ndi mpanda wolimba wa mfumu, ndi zaka za m'ma 18. Angapezeke pa phiri Ambuhimanga. wotchuka kwambiri ndi zebu msika ili Mandrasua (Republic of Madagascar). Zosangalatsa mu dera likulu Pali zambiri ndiponso zosiyanasiyana, inu simukusowa kuti silisowa zochita pano.

Mzinda kunkafika pachimake

Madagascar - ndi malo zimavuta amaundana pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. nyengo amakhala ndi masiku ambiri otentha dzuwa. Chifukwa alendo ambiri asankha tchuthi dziko lino monga Republic of Madagascar. Nyengo ndi chinyezi otentha kum'mwera kwa chilumbacho, ndipo kumpoto - subequatorial. Malo yotentha zili kumpoto chakumadzulo, kutentha masana nthawizina kufika madigiri 35. Ali kuthawa kutenthaku? Pitani ku Antsirabe.

Matenthedwe Spa Antsirabe - malo wangwiro kumasuka. mumzinda uno kunkafika pachimake mu dziko (kutentha pafupifupi - 17 ° C). Iye anatchuka chifukwa luso nsalu komanso. Ili apa nyumba Tirhana na Timatheriyali exporting zojambula wokongola.

zokopa Natural mu dera likulu

Mu am'derali chidwi chiphala m'nyanja Nyanja Tritriva (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), ndipo Tatamarina Andraykiba, Antafufu mathithi. Ambusitra - ndi kwabasi kanyumba m'dera ili pamodzi nyanja yokumba Mantasua. Alendo Ndithu chidwi nyanja zokongola ndi Kavitaha ITAS ndi Pierina Reserve.

L'Ankaratra - ndi kwabasi mapiri, unali kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa likulu. Ichi ndi malo aakulu kwa kukwera ndi zinthu panja. Theka pakati kugombe la kum'mawa ndi likulu, mu Moramanga, ndi Museum wa Gendarmerie National. Akufa Lake, cimodzi za zozizwa wa chisumbucho, wapafupi Antsirabe. Izi mosungiramo yaing'ono (mamita pafupifupi 50 100), ndi madzi pang'ono yakuda, yomwe lozungulira lubwe thanthwe. 400 mamita kuya kwa nyanja krustalo. Komabe, pali pafupifupi palibe zamoyo, ndipo palibe amene anatha kusambira kudutsa izo.

ndi damu maofesi

The damu zovuta, pamalo lokwera, ndi chidwi kwambiri. The wandiweyani zopezera njira wafala padziko maiwe izi. Apa mudzapeza madamu ambiri, zipata zotulukirapo ndi milatho ing'onoing'ono. Mtsinje Madagascar ndi olemera kwambiri. Agwira matope m'njira zake, eroding miyala. Chifukwa cha chigwa cha kuuka pang'ono pamwamba pa mlingo wa mtunda ozungulira. Kuti muli mtsinje, madamu zinamangidwa, lomwe ndi kukula ndi zomangamanga ake njira si otsika ku dikes wotchuka Dutch. Kuyambira kumbali, ali wofanana kwambiri m'minda yamakhonde mpunga, anapeza kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.

kum'mawa kwa Madagascar

East la Madagascar ndi Indian Ocean. Mbali imeneyi ya chilumba inamera zotsala za nkhalango zimene zinkachitika m'madera onse a m'mbuyomu ake. mitsinje yambiri kuwoloka mapiri. Otsika m'mphepete mwa nyanja - yopapatiza Mzere wa zigwa za 55 Km lonse, amene m'mphepete mbali imodzi mwa nkhalango, ndi pa zina - nyanja. M'dera lino, chinyezi kwambiri nyengo, mvula pafupifupi mosalekeza pano. Choncho, mu gawo la kum'mawa la chilumbachi kuti anapanga wapadera otentha rainforest. Madagascar - Republic, nyama ndi zomera zimene zimachititsa kosangalatsadi ana ndi makolo awo. Amene akufuna kusangalala nawo kuchuluka kwa chikhalidwe chakumaloko, wangwiro ulesi kum'mawa mbali ya dziko. Apa, 700 Km from Manakara kuti Toamasina, Ayala njira Pangalan nsomba zambiri ndi moyo wa mbalame. Wosiyanasiyana nyama chidwi chidina anthu nkhalango ozungulira.

Toamasina

Mzinda wachiwiri kukula pachilumba ndi doko wake waukulu ndi Toamasina (Republic of Madagascar). Tours kuno ali otchuka kwambiri. Pafupi ndi mzinda mudzapeza kwambiri m'madera ambiri kusangalala, monga pogwiritsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja Mahambu ndi Manda Beach spa achisangalalo Mahaveluna (Fulpuent). Ndipo sadali kutali ndi nyanja, m'nyanja, kunama chilumba Île Sainte-Marie, Île-sadza, Nosy Ilayntsambu, Ile-a-Nutt, Madame, ndi ena. Izi wokongola pogwiritsa gombe mu dziko monga Madagascar.

The Republic of Madagascar - malo aakulu kumasuka. Chilumba makamaka okonda zachilengedwe. Madagascar - Republic, amene watchulidwa zaposachedwapa, "vanila chilumba". Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa pali nyama ndi zomera wapadera ndipo alendo ndi moni ansangala. Ngati mukufuna wosaiwalika, omasuka kupita ku Madagascar! Republic nthawi zonse osangalala alendo.