Alexander Golovanov: yonena ndi chithunzi

Alexander Golovanov - amadziwika zoweta asilikali amene anatumikira asilikali Soviet. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iye anatsogolera Soviet losatha ndege, komanso 18. Air Army. Nkhondo itatha, anaikidwa kuti atsogolere lonse losatha ndege ya USSR. Mu 1944 iye analimbikitsa kuti Chief wa Air kulamulira. Mu mbiri ya anthu ogwira ntchito ndi Alimi 'Red Army anakhala polimbana wamng'ono.

Ubwana ndi unyamata wa woyendetsa tsogolo

Alexander Golovanov anabadwa mu 1904. Iye anabadwa mu Russian Ufumu mumzinda waukulu - Nizhniy Novgorod. Makolo ake anali odziwika okhala mumzindawo. Mayi - kuimba ndi atate wake - mkulu wa sitima towing. 8 wazaka Alexander Golovanov anali kuphunzira Alexander Cadet Corps. Choncho ngati mwana, anaganiza kuti iye adzakhala usilikali m'tsogolo.

The Red alonda analowa ngwazi za nkhaniyi, pamene ndinali mnyamata. Mu October 1917, iye anali ndi zaka 13 zokha. Komabe, malinga ndi zizindikiro kunja iye anapatsidwa zambiri. Iye anayang'ana pa onse 16, ndipo kukula anali pansi mamita awiri.

Pambuyo bwino October kuukira boma lidayikidwa chifukwa cha mphamvu Soviet. Kale mu 1918, iye anayamba zofunika pa moyo. Alexander Golovanov Molde zaka, anapita kukagwira ntchito mu mthenga ofesi "Profsohleb", bungwe ku Chakudya ndi Commissariat.

Nawo Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Iye anatenga gawo mu Civil nkhondo, Alexander Golovanov. Anapatsidwa ndi Scout mu 59th oyenda Regiment, amene anatumikira utumwi nkhondowo patsogolo kum'mwera. Mu umodzi wa nkhondo iye ali concussion.

Demobilized yekha mu 1920. Golovanov dzina lake Aleksandr kale anaganiza kuti ntchito ya boma sanali iye. Choncho ndalowa otchedwa CHUNG. Izi ndi mbali ya cholinga chapadera. Kuchoka pa chiyambi cha USSR ankatchedwa asilikali chikominisi kamene pa maselo zipani zosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yawo inali kunyamula ntchito asilikali olondera maofesi yovuta, munjira ina iliyonse kuthandiza boma Soviet nkhondo yolimbana ndi atali-kusintha zinthu.

Poyamba CHUN tithe anali atangotha wa mamembala Party ndi ofuna wa chipanichi. Komabe, ndi 1920, pamene Chung anagwirizana Golovanov dzina lake Aleksandr, anayamba kutenga anthu olimbikira Komsomol ndipo ngakhale sanali phwando.

Pankhaniyi, zomwe amadziwika za chikhalidwe cha nkhani pa zolembedwa boma penapake akusemphana ndi dzanja lake kuti alembe autobiography. Chakumapeto silikukambapo za utumiki mu Chon. Alexander Golovanov, chithunzi chimene chili m'nkhani ino, limanena kuti zaka anagwira ntchito kasamalidwe kundipatsako kwa Red Army ndi Bulu ku positi mthenga.

Chotsatira mu ntchito yake - mu Tsentropechat wothandizira, ndiyeno handyman pa matabwa akuyandama pa "Volgosudstroy" ntchito. Kenako iye anali ndi wothandizila ndi monga zamagetsi pa chachisanu Volzhsky alumali GPU, lomwe linali ku mzinda kwawo - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Utumiki wa OGPU

Mu 1924 analowa OGPU Golovanov dzina lake Aleksandr Evgenevich. Wambiri ya ngwazi za nkhaniyi kumachititsanso thupi ili kwa zaka 9.

Decrypts ndi GPU ngati "United State Administration Political," ndi opareshoni pa Msonkhano wa Commissars anthu. Idamangidwa mu 1923 pa maziko a NKVD.

Mu zaka zoyambilira za OGPU inatsogolera Felix Dzerzhinsky, ndi kuchokera 1926 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau chinkhoswe ntchito ntchito ndi ntchito m'madipatimenti wapadera. Ine ndinapita kuti udindo mutu wa Dipatimenti.

Iye anakhala nawo kawiri maulendo lakutali malonda ku China. Makamaka, kuchigawo Xinjiang. Kumayambiriro kwa 30s lapansi. Atatsala pang'ono kuti membala wa Onse-Union Communist Party wa Bolsheviks.

Amangidwe Savinkov

Tsamba yowala ntchito zake kuti GPU anakhala nawo kumangidwa Borisa Savinkova. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa atsogoleri a Russian Social boma, ndi White Alonda. A zigawenga ndi chosintha.

Pambuyo bourgeois zisinthe wa February 1917, iye analimbikitsa kuti Commissioner wa Provisional boma. Mu August, pa zosayembekezereka wa Kornilov pa Petrograd anakhala kazembe wa asilikali a mzinda. General akufuna kumvera Provisional boma, koma mapeto anavomereza kulephera kwake.

October kuukira boma sagwirizana. Iye anakhala nawo kulimbana ndi Bolsheviks, anapanga mongodzipereka asilikali pa Don, mothandizidwa Denikin. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, iye anasamuka ku dziko, kuyesera kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi nationalists, koma kenako anagwera mu kudzipatula wathunthu pa ndale.

Ngakhale izi, chifukwa kuwonongedwa kwa odana Soviet mobisa OGPU savinkovskogo zagwiridwa kwa "Phatikizani-2". Mwa iye ndi nawo Golovanov. Mu August 1924 Savinkov mobisa anafika ku Soviet Union, coaxed operatives.

Unachitikira mu Minsk amangidwe. Pa Savinkov bwalo kuzilandira kugonjetsedwa polimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Soviet Union kugwa zolinga zawo. Iye analamulidwa kuti imfa, chiweruzo posakhalitsa mitigated n'kuikapo ndi kumangidwa 10 zapitazi.

Malinga ndi Baibulo boma, mu 1925 anadzipha ndi kudumpha kuchokera wachisanu zenera pansi. Chipinda kumene anatengedwa mafunso, panalibe zitsulo mawindo. Pali Baibulo zina, chimene iye anaphedwa ndi OGPU. Makamaka, iyo imakhala kunja Alexander Solzhenitsyn mu buku lake "The Gulag Archipelago."

Golovanov - wamba woyendetsa

Mu 1931, Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha anauzidwa kuti Commissar of kunagwa Makampani, kumene iye anali mlembi wamkulu. Chaka chotsatira, anayamba mwakhama kufufuza ntchito za oyendetsa ndege. Iye maphunziro Osoaviahima (analogue a DOSAAF amakono).

Mu 1933 iye anatenga ntchito pa "Aeroflot". Choncho anayamba ntchito yake mpweya. Mpaka chiyambi cha kulimbana ndi Nazi ankhondowo, iye anawulukira pa ndege boma. Iye anagwira anachoka katswiri wamba kuti mutu wa dipatimenti ndipo potsiriza, woyendetsa wamkulu.

An yosaiwalika udindo wake chinali chaka cha 1935 pamene Golovanov anasankhidwa kuti atsogolere East Siberia Dipatimenti ya Civil Air zombo. Unali kuchokera ku Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov wamanga ntchito ndege boma.

Mu 1937, pa purges mwa achikomyunizimu Golovanov anachotsedwa chipani. Komabe, iye anatha kupewa kumangidwa. Komanso, iye anapita ku Moscow, monga iye anati, - ". Kufunafuna choonadi" Ndipo anapambana. Metropolitan Commission kulamulira chipani, anaganiza kuti kupatulana wake anali kulakwitsa. Komabe, mu Irkutsk, iye sanabwerere kale anayamba. Iye adali mu Moscow pa positi woyendetsa sitima. Iye anachita bwino likulu. A nthawi yochepa Golovanov wakhala chimodzi cha oyendetsa yabwino ya ndege yapachiweniweni m'dzikoli, anali mkulu woyendetsa squadron cholinga chapadera.

Mu 1938, ngwazi nkhani wakhazikitsa mbiri enviable. kuthawa zinachitikira okwana anakwana makilomita miliyoni. Manyuzipepala Union anayamba kulemba za izo monga "woyendetsa-miliyoneya." Chifukwa iye anali kupereka ndi "Bwino Aeroflot". Ndipo flights ake onse m'mavuto-free, kuti m'masiku amenewo, pamene munthu anakulirakulirabe kugonjetsa airspace, anali Kupambana kwakukulu. Zimakhala moona otchuka munthu mu dziko. chithunzi chake ngakhale lofalitsidwa pa chikuto cha magazini "Ogonyok".

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Zinachitikira nawo Nkhondo Golovanov analandira pamaso pa German lopondereza ankhondowo anaukira Soviet Union. Mu 1939 iye anachita nawo nkhondo pa Khalkhin-. Zinali mwadzidzidzi m'dera nkhondo, amene miyezi ingapo m'gawo la Mongolia. Iwo nawo pa dzanja limodzi, asilikali Soviet ndi Mongolia, ndi zina - ufumu wa Japan.

nkhondo itatha ndi kugonjetsedwa wathunthu wa m'gulu Japanese. Komanso, Soviet Union ndi Japan ndi maganizo osiyana zimenezi. Ngati historiography dziko amatchedwa nkhondo m'dera asilikali a ku Japan, kuwalankhula monga wachiwiri Chirasha Japanese nkhondo.

Patapita kanthawi, Golovanov anapita kutsogolo kwa nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi. Nkhondo imeneyi inatenga pang'ono poyerekeza ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti Soviet Union mlandu Finland shelling. Choncho, Council kwathunthu wodzudzulidwa kumenyana pa dziko Denmark. Zotsatira zake zinali mapeto a pangano mtendere umene Soviet Union adachoka 11% mu Finland. Ndiye, mwa njira, Soviet Union ankaona ndi wankhanza ndipo anathamangitsidwa League of Nations.

Popeza nawo nkhondo izi zonse, Golovanov anakumana Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo aona woyendetsa asilikali. Back kumayambiriro 41 TH, pamaso pa kuukira kwa Hitler, iye analemba kalata kwa Stalin, zomwe wolungama kufunika makamaka kukonzekera ndege chifukwa choulukira yoponya mabomba losatha. Makamaka mu nyengo yoipa, kwa ndiponso kuti ukhale wokwera.

Mu February, iye anali ndi msonkhano weniweni ndi Generalissimo, zotsatira amene anaikidwa mkulu wa Regiment osiyana ndege losatha. Mu August, iye anapatsidwa malo mkulu wa Air Division kuchitapo kanthu zina. Ndipo mutu wina unaperekedwa mu October. Major General Aviation Alexander Golovanov analandira. World nkhondo II anamenyela zinamuthandiza kudzionetsa pa amadzibisa mpweya. Madzulo a latsopano 1942, anali mtsogoleri wa ndege gulu la losatha pa mlingo wa Mtsogoleri Wamkulu.

mpweya polimbana

Mu 1942 nkhaniyi anakhala wopambana kutsogolera ndege losatha. Mu May, kunapatsidwa udindo wa mkulu ambiri. Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo ameja lonse la Soviet ndege losatha. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali ndi chisoni, kulemekeza ndi kukhulupirira pa mbali ya mkulu wa Stalin. Kotero kupeza asilikali zonse tithe osati kale kubwera.

Popeza March 1943 - msilikali-General. Ndipo August 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air kulamulira. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo anaikidwa mkulu wa 18 Air Army, mu zoponya mabomba yake yonse losatha la dzikoli mwachindunji lolunjika pa mphindi. Ngakhale udindo wa mkulu, Golovanov iye nthaŵi nawo mautumiki nkhondo. Makamaka, iye anapita anawazunza kutali ndi bomba pa chiyambi cha nkhondo. Pamene M'chaka cha 1941, pasanathe mwezi umodzi, ndi oyendetsa Soviet ikuchitika mndandanda wa aviabombardirovok Berlin.

Izi anali yoyamba ndi bombardment ikuluikulu ya Moscow, umene unayamba pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo inayambika. Ngakhale Goebbels ngakhale nthawi kunena kuti Soviet mpweya mphamvu kwathunthu anagonjetsedwa, ndipo Berlin sadzamva kusiya bomba limodzi. Golovanov kwakukuru anatsutsa mawu wolimba mtima.

The ndege yoyamba Berlin anapangidwa pa 7 August. ndege Soviet anaulukira pamalo okwera mamita 7000. oyendetsa anali anachotsa mpweya chigoba, ndi kupeza airwaves ya mnyumba inlai yoletsedwa. Pamene zouluka pa gawo German zoponya mabomba Soviet zinkakoperedwa anapeza, koma Germany kotero iwo samakhoza kulingalira kuthekera kuukira kuti anali wotsimikiza kuti ndiye ndege zawo. Pa Stettin ngakhale m'gulu spotlights kwa iwo, kutenga ndege m'gulu la Luftwaffe. Chifukwa, ndege ochuluka monga zisanu kuponya mabomba pa Berlin komanso anayatsa lossless anabwerera ku likulu lawo.

Golovanov anasankhidwa mkulu wa Maulendo awa pambuyo ulendo wachiwiri, kumene kunachitika pa 10 August. Sipanatenge bwino choncho. Wa magalimoto 10 kuponya mabomba pa Berlin akanakhoza kokha 6, koma awiri atabwerera. Kenako, ngwazi ya Soviet Union Vodopiyanov kuchotsedwa malo ake monga mkulu wa magawano, ndipo m'malo mwa Golovanov.

The ngwazi m'nkhani iye akungokhalira anawuluka pamwamba pa likulu mdani. German nzeru pa nthawi ananena kuti anali m'gulu la anthu ochepa ali ndi ufulu wapadera mwayi payekha Stalin. Yotsirizira limanena za iye yekha mayina chizindikiro chapadera cha chikhulupiriro.

Ndi zochitika za zaka ndi kugwirizana ndege Stalin pa Conference Tehran, amene panokha bungwe Golovanov. Njira anapita pa ndege ziwiri. Kumbuyo gudumu wachiwiri, capping anali Golovanov. Ndipo Stalin, Voroshilov ndi Molotov apatsidwa kunyamula mkulu General Aviation Viktor Grachev.

Mu 1944, Golovanov thanzi kwambiri sakuyenda. Iwo anayamba kusokoneza spasms, disruptions mu mtima, kupuma kumangidwa. Malingana ndi madokotala, chifukwa cha ichi chinali kusowa zonse tulo, amene kwenikweni zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha chapakati mantha dongosolo. Dziwani kuti pa nkhondo ndi Nazi Germany Golovanov anapereka zolemba kwa Soviet asilikali, kuti kuwuka kwa Mulingo wa msilikali wamkulu kuti mpweya polimbana aakulu.

Tsoka pambuyo pa nkhondo

Nkhondo itatha, mu 1946, Golovanov anasankhidwa mkulu wa losatha ndege la Soviet Union. Komabe, patapita zaka ziwiri kuchotsedwa malo ake. Malinga ndi ambiri, chifukwa chinali thanzi, omwe akhala akuvutika kwambiri nkhondo itatha.

Golovanov maphunziro Academy ya General Wogwila. Koma ndiye sakanakhoza kufika ku asilikali. Panalibe cholinga. Palibe manyazi Alexander E. kachiwiri anatumiza kalata kwa Stalin. Ndipo kale mu 1952 analamula mmodzi wa Corps airborne. Ndinachita kusankha chachilendo kwambiri. Kuposa kale ndege Corps wa analamulidwa polimbana ya nthambi. Kwa iye, zinali kwambiri osaya. Golovanov anafunsa mogwirizana ndi pempho lemba pa kutsitsa udindo wa wamkulu aakulu, koma iye anakana.

Mu 1953, pambuyo pa imfa ya Iosifa Stalina, ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi potsiriza anatumiza ndikusunga. Patapita zaka 5, iye anathetsa pa malo a kazembe wamkulu pa Institute ndi Research la Civil Aviation utumiki ndege. Iye anapuma mu 1966.

Buku la zokumbukira

Atapuma, ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi wasonyeza kuti ngati wolemba, memoirist. Buku kukumbukira analemba Golovanov dzina lake Aleksandr. "Long-osiyanasiyana yoponya mabomba" - monga patchedwa. Mu njira zambiri, mbiri ili laperekedwa ku misonkhano munthu ndi kulankhulana ndi Stalin. Chifukwa cha ichi, pa moyo wake anatuluka ndi mabala kwambiri. Osadulamo zoipa kope owerenga anatha kuona yekha mu 80s mochedwa.

Mu 2007, atsopano pa nthawi buku la Maulendo Aleksandra Golovanova. Zolemba za mwini, ndi njira, ali buku limodzi lokha. Koma chifukwa cha ichi sichikwiya zochepa wapatali.

Golovanov anamwalira mu 1974. Iye anali ndi zaka 71. Pamaliro zinachitika pa Novodevichy manda.

moyo

Alexander Golovanov, amene banja lake nthawi zonse amapereka, anakwatira unyamata wake ndi mwana wa wamalonda wa munalidi gulu loyamba. dzina lake Tamara. Iye anali mbadwa ya Vologda Province. Anapulumuka mwamuna wake ndi zaka zoposa 20. Iye anamwalira mu 1996 zokha.

Iwo anali ndi ana asanu. aakazi anayi - Svetlana, Tamara, Veronica ndi Olga, wamwamuna m'modzi - Sviatoslav. Iye anali wamng'ono.