Abrasive zakuthupi: makhalidwe, ntchito

Mankind wakhala akudziŵa abrasives kwa zaka zambiri. Anthu ntchito mchenga ndi miyala kuumba ndipo mukhale mipeni, mikondo arrowheads ndi fishhooks. Woyamba anali sandstone abrasive, imene udindo wa pophika yogwira ankaimba mbewu ting'onoting'ono khwatsi. Mpaka anapeza njira processing nkhaniyi ndi abrasive zitsulo zinachititsa kuti n'zotheka chitukuko cha dziko lonse la anthu, monga anthu ndiye njira yokhayo kuti zida zonse ntchito ndi zida.

Ndi chiyani icho kwa mfundo thupi la view,

Childs abrasives ndi mchere zovuta kwambiri, yomwe ili m'mphepete kumtunda kwa Mohs lonse kuuma - kuchokera khwatsi kuti diamondi lapansi. Koma ngakhale zipangizo zofewa angachichite nchito imeneyi. Thonje, soda ndi maenje zipatso akhoza pomveka kuitana abrasives. Ndi iwo timakumana tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kufunika kwake ku moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi wamkulu.

Mu ena njira, iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito?

zakuthupi okhakhala mChipangano si chifukwa cha katundu thupi, ndi chifukwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito. Pali magulu angapo njira zimenezi. Mu makina makamaka sandblasting nambala apamwamba zipangizo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa si anasonyeza ndi katundu abrasive. zida izi limagwiritsa ntchito mawu amphamvu mpweya mtsinje kapena madzi, imene ikuyenda pa liwilo particles ka ena mankhwala. Nthawi zina, ndi mauna abrasive, atenge mbali ya fyuluta-wowaza.

Sandblasting makina ntchito kupukuta ndi kutsirizitsa komaliza mbali ndi mankhwala yotsirizidwa. Izi zikhoza kutenga pafupifupi nkhani iliyonse abrasive kuchokera chigoba cha mtedza ndi mbewu za mbewu horticultural zigoba za mollusks ndi zina organic kwa zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zitsulo, slag, galasi kapena soda.

Gawo

Silika mchenga ndi otchuka kwambiri kwa timilato abrasive zikutchinga ndi nyumba zina zitsulo. Choncho pali mankhwala kwambiri ndi dzimbiri, amene kwambiri bwino durability nyumba zomangamanga. Zimenezi amafuna mkulu osalimba abrasives. Monga ulamuliro, mankhwala a nyumba zitsulo zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito wothinikizidwa mpweya. Ndimasewera udindo wa tinthu accelerator ndipo alibe zotsatira zina zikuwononga.

Komabe, nthawi zina, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi. Makamaka pamene kukonza nyumba konkire. Pafupifupi onse nyumba yomangidwa mu zone ya Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi muyenera. chakuti pamwamba kumawonjezera ndi nthawi nkhungu wosanjikiza mchere ndi mankhwala ena zikuwononga. Mwatsopano madzi, amene poyamba anali anawonjezera zinthu zoyenera (abrasive) osati amachotsa iwo konkire, komanso umabala "desalting". Kenanso, ichi kanthu kwambiri kumawonjezera moyo wa nyumba ntchito.

Kupukuta yomalizidwa mankhwala

Kupukuta - ndiwo ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri zomwe abrasives kufunika amakhudza kwambiri. Tinganene, kubweretsa ku ungwiro anamaliza mankhwala ena zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito phala wapadera kapena mawilo zofewa, ndi pawiri zochokera resins kupanga. Pamafunika ngakhale abrasive chinkhupule yosavuta. okusayidi Cerium, diamondi, silika, chitsulo okusayidi ndi chromium okusayidi - mankhwala amene kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito lero.

Novakulit (wandiweyani siliceous miyala) - komanso wabwino zopangira katundu ndi kupukuta. Cerium okusayidi ndi mchere wambiri ntchito kupukuta galasi. pankhani imeneyi zilibe zikande, koma akaganizira smoothness ndi kuwala. M'zaka zaposachedwapa Komabe, Karbid Kremniya ndi diamondi kupanga ichi kunadetsa ntchito. Kuchokera pa iwo, anapanga makamaka mtengo ndi kothandiza abrasive lamba. Iwo bwino wosakanikirana zochizira kwambiri zipangizo "capricious".

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, koposa ambiri makampani ayamba kutsata ndondomeko ya abrasive umapezeka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, musagwiritse ntchito madzi otentha kwambiri kapena wothinikizidwa mpweya: ting'onoting'ono ta abrasive ikuyandama amphamvu maginito, imene imagwiritsidwa ndi "mwala woperera". Njira ntchito mogometsa zomangamanga, monga angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupukuta ndipo mukhale mfundo yomwe bwinobwino kukhala zodula pokonza ndi / kapena kwa nthawi yaitali. Monga abrasive zambiri ntchito zotayidwa pawiri ndi zitsulo amene chuma ichi.

njira Magnetorheological kupukuta

Pamene rheological kupukuta njira ya "thupi" chida abrasive si ntchito. zipangizo ali osokonezeka ndi zakumwa zimene iwo ali thicker kusuntha mchikakamizo cha minda magetsi. njira zimenezi zikufanana m'njira zambiri kuti tafotokozazi, nawonso ntchito mankhwala zina mwa mwatsatanetsatane zomangamanga ndi mafakitale ofanana.

Nthawi zambiri, zaposachedwapa kupanga ndi ochuluka ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito abrasives chisanafike wothira zakumwa kapena resins kupanga. Chitsanzo chabwino - GOI wasambitsa abrasive phala zochokera okusayidi chromium. Iwo akhala kudziwika, koma M'zaka zaposachedwapa kulipira mwapadera. chifukwa ndi losavuta - mtengo wotsika pawiri ichi ndi dzuwa ake mkulu pa kupukuta. Komanso, modekha abrasive phala zochita pa nkhani kuchitiridwa, popanda kukanda kapena kuwononga izo.

Akupera mawilo kwa grinders ngodya ( "Bulgarians")

Iwo ntchito osati kwa kupukuta. Abrasives akhoza kudula mu zipangizo makamaka cholimba. Chifukwa chaichi, woonda abrasive magudumu anapanga pamaziko a okusayidi zotayidwa ndi resins phenolic. Nthawi zina, chitsulo akupera gudumu. zinthu zimenezi ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka mu m'zigawo za quarries nsangalabwi. Popeza kuti mchere izi wandiweyani kwambiri, bwino kuti macheka ochiritsira kumaliza.

Monga takambirana kale, ntchito kudula okusayidi zotayidwa, Karbid Kremniya, diamondi kupanga ndi boron carbide. Awa, gudumu akupera zikhoza kupangidwa, kuphatikizapo maonekedwe a wapadera anaona tsamba zipangizo mkulu-mphamvu.

The zipangizo waukulu ntchito makampani

Choncho, mankhwala awa anafunika lakuthwa, kupukuta, kudula zipangizo. makampani Modern amagwiritsa ntchito abrasive chida chiyambi yokumba. Chifukwa cha ichi - ndi mtengo wotsika wa synthetics. mwachibadwa zikuchitika mankhwala kwambiri ngati mtengo kwambiri. Mwa iwo mobwerezabwereza kukhudzana anati okusayidi zotayidwa ndi Karbid Kremniya, zirconia ndi otchedwa superabrasives (diamondi kapena boron nitride).

Kuchotserapo n'zochepa ndipo makamaka umaimiridwa ndi corundum. Iye ndi odula kwambiri, ndipo ntchito yake kupanga mokwanira zochepa. Mu kwambiri kawirikawiri ntchito diamondi zachilengedwe zosafunika kwa kupukuta chifukwa kukula yaing'ono kwambiri, kapena kupunduka structural.

The zamoyo wa abrasives mafakitale

Mbiri ya abrasives mafakitale yopelera mawilo anayamba ndi mchere zachilengedwe - khwatsi ndi pakachitsulo, komanso corundum. Ndi otsiriza, ndi momwe, kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anatchedwa kuti "Emery". Zinali bala loyamba la abrasive. Chokana mchere zachilengedwe inayamba mu zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri ndipo pasanapite anamaliza mapeto a izo. Apa sanali kokha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo achilengedwe. chakuti iwo onse ndi katundu bwino chimatanthauza kuti kusintha sanabwere kunja. Kupanga abrasives ndinayamba akamaziwononga, kungakhale yosiyana ndi bwino yosayenera kuthetsa mavuto ena zachilendo.

Mwachitsanzo, kudzera mwa njira zamakono akhoza analenga pawiri ndi tinthu mawonekedwe kooneka ngati sliver. zinthu ndi abwino kwa ntchito pamwamba pa magudumu kupukuta. Komanso, n'zotheka kuti akonze zipangizo zatsopano kwathunthu, ndi kaphatikizidwe Mwachitsanzo, titaniyamu okusayidi ndi mankhwala zotayidwa. abrasives awa abwino zochizira pamalo makamaka zovuta.

Pamene panali "abrasive yojambula" makampani?

kupanga yamakono ya abrasives, kuphatikizapo amasulidwe akupera mawilo ndi zikopa emery, n'zovuta kufotokoza chifukwa cha kulemera kwa zotetezedwa ndi eni luso, zomwe nthawi zambiri pofotokoza mankhwala chomwecho. Chinsinsi kutsutsana koteroko ndi losavuta - chifukwa kusiyana wamng'ono mipweya mukhoza kukawerenga latsopano mtundu chifaniziro. Koma kodi maziko abrasives kupanga, ndipo pamene makampani zikanatheka Khristu misa zawo ntchito?

Kwenikweni chochitika kwambiri kunali kutsegulidwa kwa pakachitsulo carbide - mchere, osati za m'chilengedwe. Kujambula aluminiyamu kupanga mu 1890 chokha analimbikitsa chiyambi cha kafukufuku pa nkhani imeneyi. Pakutha 1920 okusayidi kupanga zotayidwa, Karbid Kremniya, garnet ndi emery ndizo mafakitale abrasives.

Koma yojambula enieni anabwera mu 1938. Iwo anakhala imathandiza popanga aluminiyamu mankhwala woyera, umene yomweyo anapeza ntchito lonse mu luso lopanga. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti chisakanizo cha zirconia ndi aluminiyamu abwino ntchito yovuta mu kudula kovuta zitsulo sukulu. Kwenikweni ndi wapadera abrasive ufa: izo amaziyang'anira Mwachangu mkulu, koma zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo. Today kanjedza komanso amasunga aluminiyamu onse angapange, kupulumutsa choyambirira bauxite microcrystalline kapangidwe ka zipangizo poyambira. Makamaka kotero wapadera Cubitron ™ analengedwa, komanso abrasives zochokera zoumbaumba pansi SolGel ™ mtundu.

Pa "yabwino bwenzi mtsikana" pa

Natural diamondi - wamkulu abrasive mwala. Iye anakhala wotchuka mu 1930s ndi. Tom zinali zoyenera pa zifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, pamaso pa mabuku kupanga diamondi anali negligible ndi kuliphunzitsa sanathe azitha kusamalira kukula malonda. Kachiwiri, mogwirizana ndi tanthauzo pachimake kuyandikira kwa nkhondo, mayiko ambiri anayamba mwamsanga kupeza njira pokonza tungsten carbide mothandizidwa ndi makina. mankhwala akadali ntchito yopanga mitima ya armor- projectiles kuboola.

Bvuto lakhala zosatheka mu kuuma kwa nkhani zimene kumva kuwawa monga sanatenge. kafukufuku mu 1960 ndi General Zamagetsi, kwachititsa kuti zikamera ya diamondi kupanga. Potsilizira pake kufufuza m'dera lino wopita ku kutsegula kwa kiyubiki boron nitride, CBN. pawiri ichi, ali ndi kuwumitsa diamondi, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga abrasives zina, chifukwa akhoza pafupifupi milled mu zovuta fumbi kalasi zitsulo.

Ndithudi, zonse abrasives awa, kuwonjezera pa zonse katundu chidwi, ndi wina yaikulu drawback - mtengo. A kupatulapo posachedwapa ndi abrasive Abral, apanga nkhawa European Pechiney. Kampaniyi zachitika ngati "diamondi wogwirizira", umene pang'ono wolephera iwo mu kuuma kwambiri Umapeza mu mtengo.

Koma osati abrasives makampani asamukira patsogolo. Great kufunika zipangizo ankagwiritsa ntchito monga maziko a ntchito yawo. Makamaka, pamene analengedwa Bakelite, mwayi wotulutsa kuunika, koma mawilo cholimba umapezeka. Iwo pogaya wogawana ndi abrasives bwino anagawira mu Volume awo mkati. Imakhala khalidwe kwambiri bwino zipangizo processing.

emery nsalu

Emery nsalu ntchito ngati maziko a, nsalu yokumba ndi zachilengedwe, mafilimu komanso ngakhale pepala mbalambanda, nsalu analimbitsa ulusi. Mu zina, "nazhdachku" linakonzedwa ndi impregnating njira zochokera resins phenolic kapena madzi (ndi Kuwonjezera abrasives, kumene) nsalu. Angagwiritsidwenso analandira abrasive chinkhupule. zinthu zimenezi ndi chodziwika kuti pafupifupi aliyense, takumana nawo nthawi zonse tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ife anafotokoza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zinthuzi. Komabe kuti ambiri a iwo satsutsidwa munthu ambiri msewu konse mu miyoyo yawo. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri kudziwa za miyala kukulitsa, timitengo kapena sandpaper chomwecho, munthu ntchito mauna abrasive. Koma anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa mitundu yeniyeni zinthu zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe opanga mipeni mkulu khalidwe kapena superhard sukulu zitsulo. Otsiriza, poyamba, kunyumba kwa mukhale pafupi zenizeni. "Sharpener" chifukwa iwo ayenera wapadera kwambiri.

Kwa ena ntchito woyenera ina abrasive?

Pakuti zofunika chofunika superabrasive, amene tinachita kale mwachidule tatchulazi. Iwo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a zikopa emery, maburashi abrasive, mbale ndi mabwalo. Choncho, zitsulo opanga ndi aluminiyamu ndi pakachitsulo carbide kupanga masamba muyezo kalasi. Kupanga komanso kumafunika onse ntchito sandblasting makina: zosapanga dzimbiri, mayendedwe mpira kumasula ndi misa processing makamaka yolimba. Komabe, nthawi zambiri opanga kukhalabe okhulupirika kwa "zinthu zakale" aluminiyamu. Izi ufa abrasive Ndi wotsika mtengo koma ndi othandiza kwambiri.

Kumapeto kwa

Abrasives, mwachindunji kapena ayi udindo kupanga pafupifupi zonse zimene anthu amakumana nawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Makamaka, popanda iwo zosatheka kuti alenge nyumba ya anodized zotayidwa, amene ali otchuka ndi mafani "apulo" mankhwala. Musaiwale kuti losavuta akupera mwala "grinders" kapenanso sandpaper wamba - chipatso cha mibadwo yambiri asayansi ndi amisiri sonkhanitsa ndi bungwe nzeru zawo kwa zaka zambiri.

Companies kubala yosiyanasiyana abrasives, akupera mawilo ndi sandpaper, pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru ongolankhula, amene alipo m'mafakitale ambiri ofanana. Iwo motsogozedwa ndi deta zopezera kuphunzira ziwiya zadothi, ankagwiritsa zili ntchito zimapangidwira, sayansi ndi zitsulo. Abrasives nthawi zonse zothandiza - ali mbali yaikulu ya kupanga mkombero ano amakampani ambiri.