A History Mwachidule a karate mu dziko ndi Russia

Karate - si luso la nkhondo, ndi moyo, ndi nzeru yonse kuti amathandiza munthu kuona interconnectedness wa zonse mu dziko, kumathandiza kukwaniritsa mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe, kupeza izo mwa iwo wokha ndipo timakhala awo ndi anthu ena.

Mu Japan, iwo amanena kuti karate - ndi njira ya kusankha anthu amphamvu ndi kudutsa nthawi zina pa moyo wake. Izi miyoyo wolimba tsiku lililonse akukankha malire kutsatira malangizo osankhidwa, kulimbikitsa ndi tempering thupi ndi mzimu, umasinthasintha kuzindikira luso latsopano.

Mbiri ya zikamera wa masewera a karati

Mfundo oyambirira mbiri ya tsiku karate ku chaka 1761. deti limeneli amatanthauza Cecina Nagamine m'buku lake wakuti "chikhazikitso cha Okinawan karate, kodi." Ndiye ndi luso karate kudziwika kwa onse monga "Tode" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera njira Japanese "bokosi Chinese".

M'munsimu mudzapeza mwachidule mbiri ya karate - monga miyambo anapulumutsidwa.

Kale moyo womenya dzina lake Kusanku Chinese amene kamodzi anasonyeza luso lake lalikulu ndi luso mu nkhonya Chinese, amaonetsa adzasangalala zachilendo ake ndi njira yapadera ya adani. Izi ndi chosaiwalika m'mbiri a karate ku Okinawa chochitika zinachitika - chilumba waukulu, limene lili mu zilumba za Ryukyu ku Japan. Malo a pachilumbachi anali basi pa mphambano ya njira zamalonda, kunali mtunda wofanana ku Korea, Japan, Taiwan ndi China. limati onsewa anali mosalekeza pa nkhondo wina ndi mzake kwa munda wa Ryukyu Archipelago, chotero munthu aliyense wa chisumbucho anali munthu wankhondo, kawirikawiri mibadwo ingapo. M'zaka XV mderali zinali zoletsedwa pa chikalata cha zida, choncho asilikali Okinawa ku mbadwo umodzi kusintha nkhondowo luso lawo popanda iye.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII, monga momwe mbiri ya karate, Sokugavoy mbuye m'tauni ya Shuri Te sukulu choyamba chinamasulidwa mu makalasi omwe ananamizira. Matsamura Shokun pokhala Okinawa Supreme akuthandizani masewera a karati, monga gulu sukulu ndi dzina "Shorin-Ryu karate" (Shorin - nkhalango achichepere), umene chogwidwa ndi chilango okhwima ndi makhalidwe maphunziro shugyo. Chinthu chapadera sukulu anali anthu achinyengo poyenda ndi wosakhwima kuzemba. Matsamury wophunzira ankadziwika chisumbu chonse ndi kunja Asato Anko, amene anakhala ndi Mlangizi Funakoshi Gichin.

Ndipo tsopano Funakoshi Gichin ndi imatengedwa tate wa karate. Iye, ndithudi, iye mwini anatulukira mawonekedwe masewera a karati, koma munthu uyu zimagwira osasankhidwa ndi kutchulidwa njira zosiyanasiyana dzanja Chinese kuti moyandikana ndi analenga mtundu watsopano wa nkhondowo karate-jujutsu, amene anawamasulira kuchokera ku njira Japanese "luso dzanja Chinese".

Funakoshi kwa nthawi yoyamba anasonyeza dziko karate jujitsu pa nthawi, pamene unachitikira ku Tokyo masewera a karati Chikondwerero mu 1921. zaka sadzachitanso dazeni monga kumene analenga mtundu wa nkhondo chapeza wotchuka kwambiri mu Japan, zomwe zinachititsa kuti anapeza sukulu ambiri osiyana.

Karate: mbiri dzina la

Mu 1931, msonkhano wa "banja lalikulu Okinawan karate", imene anaganiza kuti aliyense kalembedwe, amene anaonekera pa nthawi, ali ndi ufulu kukhala. Komanso pa msonkhano wa tinaganiza dzina lina mtundu wa masewera a karati, chifukwa panali nkhondo wina ndi China panthawiyo. Hieroglyph "Kara", amatchedwa "China", m'malo hieroglyph, amene anali kuwerenga monga bwino, koma opanda amatanthauza. Komanso m'malo "jutsu" - "luso" mu "pamaso" - ". Njira" Kunapezeka dzina kuti ntchito lero. Izo zikumveka ngati "karate" likumasuliridwa kuti "njira ya dzanja pake".

History of kufala ndi chitukuko cha karate mu dziko

Mu 1945, pamene Japan anataya nkhondo, akuluakulu a US utakhala yoletsedwa pachilumba mitundu yonse ya Japanese masewera a karati. Koma karate ankaona olimbitsa Chinese ndi kupewa chiletso. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti wozungulira atsopano chitukuko wa masewera a karati, zimene zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe mu 1948 wa Japanese karate Association, lotsogoledwa ndi Funakoshi. Mu 1953, maphunziro a mayunitsi osankhika a Army US mu United States mukupemphedwa kuti olamulira otchuka.

Pambuyo Games Olympic ku Tokyo mu 1964 karate zinatchuka chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Zimenezi, zinachititsa kulengedwa kwa Union of karate, kodi mabungwe World.

karate Cholinga

Poyamba, malinga ndi mbiri ya karate, mtundu uwu wa masewera a karati analengedwa monga luso asilikali, ndipo anafuna pongofuna kudziteteza popanda zida. Karate Cholinga - kuthandiza ndi kuteteza, koma kulemaza ndi kuwawa.

mbali zapadera karate

Mosiyana ndi asilikali zaluso zina, pali sanamvere kukhudzana pakati Ankhondo a. Ndipo kuti kukunda nyamarwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya yamphamvu ndi molondola manja ndi mapazi mfundo yaikulu ya thupi. Pali zinthu zingapo zapadera mtundu wa masewera a karati kuti ndi wosasunthika poyimitsa otsika ndi midadada zovuta, komanso kusintha yomweyo kwa kauntala nthawi yomweyo kuponya zolondola ndi amphamvu. Choncho mphezi limapezeka pa njira yachidule ndi ndende lalikulu la mphamvu pa nsonga mmene wotchedwa kime.

Popeza karate - makamaka podziteteza kanthu onse apa akuyamba ndi chitetezo. Koma pambuyo, ndipo ichi ndicho karate akhale mphezi kudya poyankha nkhondo.

Mfundo ntchito maluso

Ntchito zolondola njira zosiyana mu karate amapereka angapo mfundo. Pakati pawo: kime, anatchula pamwamba; chilimwe zogona - kusankha mulingo woyenera kulandira udindo wa; hara - kugwirizana minofu mphamvu ndi mphamvu mkati; dzesin - mzimu wolimba. Zonse izi amaona yaitali zolimbitsa ofunda "Kata" zokambirana komanso mu machesi "Kumite". Pakati Kata ndi kumite mu Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana komanso sukulu angathe kukhala ndi malire ndipo akhoza kundipatsa mmalo kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita ndewu.

Masitayilo karate

Masiku ano, mazana angapo Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Mu karate unagawanika chifukwa anayamba kuchokera pa nthawi ya penipeni. Anthu ambiri osiyana nawo luso limeneli asilikali, ndipo aliyense amene wafika mkulu mlingo, kuvumbitsira chinachake zawo. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti kalembedwe aliyense, ankakhala ku nthawi ino, njira imodzi kapena wina anakumana ndi a mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Kempo - Chinese-Okinawan karate luso.

2. karate dzyuttsu - Baibulo Japanese a nkhondowo mu mzimu wa Motobu.

3. karate, kodi - Japanese ndi akatswiri pedagogical Baibulo mu mzimu wa Funakoshi.

4. Sport karate - kulankhula kapena theka-kukhudzana.

Pali masitaelo angapo kuti ayenera kudziŵika.

1. Mmodzi wa iwo - Shotokan (Shotokan). tate wake - Gichin Funakoshi, koma chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha kalembedwe anayambitsa ndi mwana wake Giko. Osiyana zazikulu ndiponso amphamvu kayendedwe, komanso kulimba khola.
2. History of Kyokushin karate akuyamba mu 1956. Woyambitsa ndi Korea wobadwa Masutatsu Oyama (anaphunzira pansi Gichin Funakoshi). Dzinali anamasuliridwa kuti "kalembedwe yoona." History of karate Kyokushin zimasonyeza kuti chinthu chachikulu apa - za nkhondowo mogwira mtima, koma osati achire komanso chitukuko cha makhalidwe abwino.
3. Wado-ryu, kapena "mgwirizano wa njira." Yachokera Hironori Otsuki, mmodzi wa ophunzira achikulire Funakoshi. kalembedwe amagwiritsa ntchito khunyu chopweteka dzanja, njira kupewa nkhonya, amaponyera. Kutsindika pano pa kayendedwe kuyenda. Umalimbana sparring.
4. Shito-ryu. Anayambitsa kalembedwe - Kenwa Mabuni. Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana kuphunzira mwa nambala ambiri Kata (za makumi asanu).
5. Goju-ryu (kumasulira - "olimbika zofewa"). Anayambitsa Gichin kalembedwe Miyagi. Movement Nkhondo olimba, unachitikira mu mzere woongoka, ndi chitetezo kuyenda zofewa ikuchitika bwalo. Ambiri mwa masitayilo onse ali kutali ndi mpikisano masewera olaula mu maonekedwe ake kopambana.

Karate ku Russia

History of karate chitukuko Russia limayamba ndi maonekedwe a zibonga ankachita masewera ndi zigawo. oyambitsa awo anali anthu amene anali mwayi zokwanira kuti apite kunja ndi kupita kumeneko kuphunzira luso limeneli karate. Mwamphamvu mchitidwe otchuka izi mtundu wa masewera a karati ndi akulembayo lafalitsidwa awo zinachititsa chakuti mu November 1978 mu USSR, ntchito yapadera kuti chitukuko cha karate analengedwa. Malinga ndi zotsatira za ntchito yake mu December 1978, Soviet Federation karate unakhazikitsidwa. Popeza malamulo a maphunziro mtundu uwu wa masewera a karati mowirikiza ndi mwadala chosemphana Kuwonjezera anapangidwa kwa Code Wachifwamba pa "udindo maphunziro karate oletsedwa." Kuyambira 1984 mpaka 1989, ndi luso asilikali ku Soviet Union inali yoletsedwa, chimene chinakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo nambala 404, wosindikiza Sports Komiti. Koma gawo, mtundu wa luso maphunziro a karate, anapitiriza kulibe mobisa. Mu 1989, December 18, State Komiti ya USSR zapita chikalata chiwerengero 9/3, umene kuti nambala 404 anamuzindikira monga yosagwira ntchito. Panopa Russia pali nambala yaikulu federations ndi zimafotokoza chimene zikukangalika mogwirizana ndi mabungwe mayiko karate.

The nzeru za karate

Ngati ife kulankhula za karate nzeru, tisaiwale kuti zachokera pa mfundo za nonviolence. Lumbiro limene karate zibonga kupereka ophunzira patsogolo maphunziro, akuyenera kuti ntchito luso ndi nzeru zimenezi zimapweteketsa anthu ndi ntchito iwo chifukwa cha dyera.