Zinthu Non-chakudya: mndandanda wa magawo ndi kupeza ufulu kusinthitsa ndi obwezeredwa

Moyo wa munthu aliyense wazunguliridwa ndi ambiri a iwo kapena mankhwala ena. Tili pafupifupi tsiku lililonse kuti kugula popanda kuganizira lokhudza zinthu si chakudya, kodi kulunjika awo, kodi malamulo yogula awo ndi kubwerera. Tiuzeni yonse ya zinthu kumeneko, lingaliro la chimene chimapanga khalidwe. Tiyeni tiyese kulemba mndandanda wa katundu si chakudya ndi kumanga gulu lawo.

maganizo

Pachikhalidwe zidzasankhidwa katundu onse pamaziko a mwayi ndipo zinkaoneka ngati zosatheka mowa. Malinga ndi muyezo izi kuonetsetsa chakudya ndipo sanali chakudya mankhwala. Mndandanda wa zinthu zimene si ntchito zipangizo chakudya ndipo sanali chakudya yaiwisi yokonza lalikulu kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana.

mankhwala Non-chakudya zosoŵa zosiyanasiyana, monga kwachilengedwenso (chitetezo ndi kuzizira, chitetezo kugona), ndi chikhalidwe (kutchuka, mafashoni, cha gulu limeneli). mafakitale zosiyanasiyana kutulutsa katundu kwambiri. Ndi uthunthu kuchuluka kwa magulu mankhwala ndi zovuta zambiri kuti vuto la kulekana kwa katundu mu mitundu.

Classifications

Zonsezi si chakudya, mndandanda wa zomwe ndi waukulu, zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana. Mbiri gulu umene katundu anawagawira mu zachuma, zaumoyo, zovala, zomangamanga, mipando, makalapeti, hardware, zipangizo, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi m'nyumba, zovala ndi nsapato, zovala, mankhwala zodzikongoletsera ulonda, malo, nyimbo ndi katundu, masewera, mabuku ndi mabuku.

Ndi pafupipafupi kufunika ndi makhalidwe ake kusiyanitsa katundu wa tsiku ndi wapadera, komanso kufunika zimachitika. mankhwala Non-chakudya akhoza kugawidwa mu mafashoni, nyengo ndi ofanana. Mwa maikidwe kusiyanitsa mankhwala onse ntchito ndi zolinga mafakitale. classifications zonsezi mphambano ndipo sikuti kuphimba zosiyanasiyana onse a zinthu si chakudya.

gulu

Pakuti mayiko ndi lomveka ntchito katundu wina kuti magulu ena wakhala anayamba gulu zachuma ndi zowerengera, imene amafalitsidwa pa magulu waukulu.

Zonsezi si chakudya, mndandanda wa zomwe pafupifupi zopanda malire, ali m'magulu malinga ndi cholinga chake, zikuchokera, makhalidwe. Qualifier amapereka dongosolo zovuta za wolemba pulogalamu magulu ndi ntchito iwo angakhoze kokha akatswiri-merchandisers. Zolinga ntchitoyi gulu chosavuta wakhala akupangidwa zomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa mayiko ake ndi digiri ndi mkulu wa zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amayembekezera Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa 9 lalikulu maofesi chofunika:

- katundu M'nyumba. Tikafika zimenezi zimaphatikizapo galasi, ceramic, pulasitiki ndi mankhwala galasi (ziwiya, zomangamanga, zipangizo, etc.), komanso mankhwala banja ndi mipando.

- Mafuta ndi mafuta malonda.

- zovala ndi nsapato mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ubweya.

- Perfume ndi zodzikongoletsera.

- jewelery.

- zapamwamba katundu (zikwama zam'manja, wallets, zisa, malamba, ubwenzi).

- Zamagetsi zipangizo (zipangizo banja, kuunikira, kusunga chakudya).

- Cultural ndi zoweta (TV akanema, zoimbira, mabuku, masewera zipangizo, ulonda, magalimoto, makamera, mafoni).

- Nkhani ya ntchito zaluso.

kulunjika

Features mankhwala si chakudya MUKACHULUKIDWE chakuti samasankha amafuna kusunga ndi mayendedwe zinthu zapadera. Koma mankhwala si chakudya - nthawi zambiri zinthu Kuvuta mkulu kapena ngozi. Choncho, limene mbali Mmishonale amafunika kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera mu ntchito, kotero ogula ayenera kuphunzitsa ntchito katundu wotereyu - izi ndi kulunjika awo. Choncho, pali malamulo apadera poona khalidwe la malonda ndi zinthu si chakudya.

Lingaliro la khalidwe la mankhwala si chakudya

Features katundu si chakudya anapangidwa njira ya ulimi wawo, ogulidwa ndi mowa. Pa ntchito zinthu ndi zipangizo akuonetsa katundu wawo, amene imawunikidwa ndi khalidwe lawo.

mankhwala Non-chakudya, mndandanda wa womwenso zosiyanasiyana nkhani, ku zisa magalimoto omwe alibe wamba i khalidwe ziyenera chifukwa cha mkulu mosalekeza awo. Katundu aliyense m'gulu la katundu ndi Lamulo mfundo boma ndi malamulo luso. Pa nthawi yomweyo khalidwe mismatch ndi mfundo chofunika akhoza kukhala ndi umboni kudzera mwa kumupima. Ankachititsa ziyenera zimenezi ndi ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

- chipangizo, mwachitsanzo, kuona kunja mothandizidwa ndi katswiri matupi mwa ziwalo; ..

- kalembera, ndipo zolipiritsa chida, amene amalola kuti amayang'anitsitsa thupi ndi mankhwala makhalidwe a mankhwala;

- ukhondo-mankhwala;

- microbiological ndi chilengedwe.

Komanso, njira kuyankhulana Katswiri kuti aone katundu zokongoletsa za mankhwala.

Kugula katundu wa mankhwala si chakudya

Pamene inu kugula mankhwala aliwonse makasitomala sagwiritsa ntchito njira yeniyeni kuwunika, ndipo posankha zochita pa kufufuza katundu wake. Kumene, iwo ali osiyana kwambiri osiyana- siyana mankhwala. Choncho, zamtunduwu katundu ogula amasankha magawo osiyana kwambiri kuposa firiji latsopano. Koma pali ambiri ogula makhalidwe, wamba mankhwala onse amene sanali chakudya. Njirazi ndi monga:

- kwake. Katundu ayenera, malinga ndi muyezo kutumikira atathana yaitali. Ogula amaganiza kuti aliyense mankhwala lidzakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, monga firiji - zaka 10, ndipo nsapato - zaka 2.

- Security. katundu iyenela yopangidwa ndi zisulo wochezeka.

- Ergonomics. Katundu ayenera kulenga tanthauzo la chitonthozo mu ogula mayiko.

- thupi ndi luso katundu. Ogula akugwirizira njira yake ndipo akuona zimachitika chofunika ndi mphamvu yake ntchito yake.

- aesthetics. Wogula pamaziko a maganizo awo a Ziwerengero kukongola izi chithunzi chofunika.

- Maintainability. Pogula njira zovuta kapena galimoto, ogula amaganizira za kupezeka ndi mtengo wa kukonza, ngati n'koyenera.

- Zithunzi za Mlengi. ogula ambiri amagwiritsira malonda ndikukhulupirira kuti ena zopangidwa bwino kuposa anthu ena, ndi kusankha zinthu moganizira mfundo zawo za kutchuka ndi kudalirika kwa Mlengi.

Purchase ndi kukonza

Chakudya Zamgululi umamumvera malamulo osiyana. Iwo umamangidwa ndi zofunika CD ndi kutumiza katundu. malamulo Special ntchito kwa zinthu zosalimba, ma TV kapena Miphika galasi. Komanso, wogulitsa ayenera kupereka zinthu inayake kusunga katundu pa wina chinyezi ndi kutentha zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, zamagetsi amafuna kutsatira magawo okhwima yosungirako. Komanso, sitolo ayenera kupereka olondola ndondomeko utumiki: mu malonda holo ya wogula ayenera kupeza wogulitsa oyenera amene ndi wokonzeka kupereka malangizo katswiri pa katundu ndi ntchito za mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala zamtunduwu katundu amagulira ayenera kuuzidwa za cholinga cha mankhwala ndi zikhalidwe za ntchito zake.

Kusinthana & MBABWERERA

Mosiyana ndi chakudya zinthu si chakudya anabwerera ndi anasinthanitsa. Ngakhale pali zofooka. Anabwerera kukhala zovala, nsapato, Chalk (matumba, malamba) kukachitika kuti mankhwala samabwera kwa wogula kukula, mtundu, kalembedwe, ndi zina zotero. N. Pankhaniyi, katundu sanali kukhala mu ntchito. Patangotha masiku 14 kuchokera tsiku yogula wogula angathe kubwerera katundu ku sitolo pamaso pa cheke ndi chitetezo cha phukusi, popanda kufotokoza chifukwa kubwerera. Komanso, wosuta angafotokozerane tinachita zolakwika khalidwe mankhwala, amafuna yoyenera muyezo. Ngati masiku 14 Mwapambana ku tsiku kugula, ndi kuziulula chilema mankhwala, akhoza anabwerera kapena anasinthanitsa ndikatha kumfunsafunsa lapansi. Iwo ayenera kusonyeza kuti kuwonongeka sanali anachititsa kuti mankhwala ndi ogula pa ntchito.

Katundu amene sali pansi kubweranso kuwombola

Komabe, pali zoletsa adzabweranso ndi kuwombola. Mndandanda wa mankhwala sali pansi njira zimenezi, pali zinthu zina sanali chakudya. zodzikongoletsera ichi, mankhwala zipangizo ndi mankhwala, zipangizo m'nyumba, zovala, zomera ndi nyama, popanga mafutawa ndi zodzoladzola, mabuku, nyumba ndi zipangizo kumaliza.

zinthu Special ntchito kwa obwezeredwa ndi kuwombola katundu mwaukadaulo chipangizo. Iwo sangakhoze kungobweretsa ku sitolo, ngati inu sindimakonda mitundu. Pankhaniyi, muyenera ukatswiri, izo zikhoza kukhala pamalo ziyenera a wogulitsa kapena analamula kwa ndondomeko katswiri. Pakuti mwaukadaulo mankhwala zovuta monga magalimoto, makompyuta, refrigerators, makina ochapira, maboti ndi ma yatchi, njinga zamoto, mathirakitala.