Woyambitsa wa Tomás Kuk zokopa alendo. Development wa mbiri zokopa alendo, ndi zina zomwe

Mu masiku athu kuyenda kumayiko chinthu tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti kupita ku ngodya iliyonse ya dzikoli, inu angofunika kukonzekera kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi kuyang'ana kwa bungwe kuyenda. Ife kotero ntchito mfundo "zokopa alendo" amene amaganiza kuti mtundu uwu wa tchuthichi kalekale kukhalamo. Komabe, makamaka zaka 170 zokha. Tourism anaonekera mu England July 5, 1841. Today tikambirana tate wake ndi mbiri ya kupambana kwa munthu ameneyu, dzina - Tomás Kuk. Woyambitsa wa ntchito zokopa alendo wakhala moyo wosangalatsa kwambiri. Nkhani ya kupambana ndi chidwi kwambiri.

Origin ndi ubwana Cook

Cook anayamba moyo mu umphawi, komanso ambiri a amalonda wamkulu monga Thomas Lipton, Walt Disney, Dzhon Rokfeller. Onsewo ngati mwana anali kupirira mavuto. Mwina n'chifukwa chake iwo anakhala chinachititsa ndi bwino anthu. Atate Thomas anafa pamene anali wamng'ono kwambiri. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, kulera Cook chinkhoswe bambo. Ankachitira zinthu ndi mnyamata monga mwana wake.

Banja analibe ndalama zokwanira, kotero Thomas ali zaka 10 anayamba kugwira ntchito. Iye anayamba kuphunzira pa munda wa. The mnyamata analandira 6 makobiri pa sabata kwa ntchito yake. Pamene iye anali 14, ndinapeza ntchito mu ukalipentala shopu. Pa zaka 19, Thomas pantchito kumeneko. Ngakhale wakewo lolemera, iye anali nako ufulu nthawi kuti Thomas ndinkakonda kupita ku sukulu, umene unali pa obisika a. Knowledge analandira pano anathandiza kwambiri Cook m'tsogolo.

Ubatizo Cook, ntchito ya amishonale

Chikhulupiriro anali mmodzi wa madalaivala waukulu bwino Cook. Mu 1826, ndili ndi zaka 17, anabatizidwa ndipo anakhala Baptist. The mnyamatayo anayamba kulemba mwakhama magazini Baptist. Akhaapfundzisambo mu Sande sukulu ndi kuphunzitsidwa pafupi ndi tauni ya Loughborough (kumene ankakhala), komanso m'midzi yozungulira.

Thomas Cook ankakonda ntchito yogwira waumishonale. Iye anabweretsa mnyamatayo kwambiri za anzake. Komanso, iye walandira kwa makobiri 10 sabata, amene ankaona nthawi ndalama wabwino. Komabe, Baptist gulu thumba ndi mapeto a 1830 wauma ndipo Tomasi anali kupeza gwero lina la n'zodalirika.

Ukwati, ntchito mu maphunzilowa, lonjezo la chidziletso

Cook anaganiza kupitiriza kuchita joinery. M'tauni yaing'ono, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Loughborough, iye anavula ukalipentala wake shopu. Mwa njira, Thomas anabwera kuno nokha. Iye anabweretsa naye Marian Mayson, achinyamata mkazi, amene Cook anakumana pamene kuphunzira pa Sande sukulu.

Thomas, ngakhale ntchito zovuta situdiyo, Iye anapitiriza kuchita umishonale. Komanso zosiyanasiyana pomenyera osadya mowa. Mu 1833, Tomás Kuk anawinda wa chidziletso.

Cook anakhala mlembi wa Society of abstainers

Cook msonkhano pofika cha 1836 anachuluka. Iye akanakhoza ganyu othandizira. Pa nthawi yomweyo Tomás Kuk anakhala mlembi wa kampani sanali akumwa. gulu ankachititsa ntchito zake Harboraf. Pambuyo kulephera izi Kukwezeleza mowa Thomas nayamba kulisunga mbali. Iye anayamba kufalitsa magazini "Monthly boma yotchedwa Gazette wa chidziletso" mu 1839. Patapita chaka chimodzi, Thomas anayamba kuti amasule woyamba mu dziko, magazini ana, amene anachitira ndi kukana mowa.

Kukonzekera pa ulendo oyamba

Pamene, mu 1840, Tomás Kuk anamva kuti njanji ali linatsegulidwa, limene udzachitike kutsogolo kwa mzinda wake, iye anakana mwayi wake kuti achite chinachake kwambiri kulimbikitsa chidziletso. Thomas anaganiza ganyu sitima kutenga Loughborough anzake. Panali kuonedwa Congress wa abstainers chapakati England Association (kum'mwera zigawo). Tomás Kuk anabwera ndi udindo onse ndi inventiveness lingaliro ili.

Choyamba, iye analankhula za ulendo zosangalatsa likudzalo, John Fox, Bell, mlembi wa anthu sitima zinapatsira kwabasi. Anavomera kulipira zofunika ndalama waukuluwo. Kachiwiri, Cook mosamala kwambiri ankakonzekera ulendo m'tsogolo. Thomas anakonza pulogalamu chikhalidwe ndi zakudya mu Loughborough, kusindikiza ndi kugawira matikiti ndi zithunzi. Komanso, iye adanyerezera pyakukhonda okha tawuni kunyumba. Cook anawatuma malo ena pa ulendo pempholo. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kukonzekera mokwanira anali chinsinsi chuma cha kampani Cook.

Tourism Tsiku Birthday

Choncho, July 5, 1841 570 anthu anapita Loughborough. Iwo anatenga magalimoto naini sitima. Lero ankaona tsiku la kubadwa kwa ntchito zokopa alendo ku mfundo zake pano. The ulendo anali bwino yaikulu. Cook anauziridwa ndi izo ndipo anaganiza bungwe ulendo watsopano. Mwachitsanzo, iye nthawi zonse amachitika maulendo osauka. mtengo awo kwa munthu wamkulu anali 1 yekha Kwacha, ndi ana - 6 makobiri. Cook mfundo anali kupeza wamkulu ubwino zotheka kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu pa otsika mtengo.

Kusamalira chitonthozo cha makasitomala

Kuwonjezera chakuti aliyense ulendo zapangidwa mosamalitsa anakonza, chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za kupambana Cook chinali choona kuti iye mwini nawo maulendo. Anthu ambiri sitima yapamtunda kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo sankadziwa choti achite ndi khalidwe lake. Tomás Kuk analangiza onsewo ndi akhadzudzumika Chikhoza kukhala omasuka ngati nkotheka.

Mgwirizano kasamalidwe ka njanji

Patapita nthawi, ndi kutchuka kukula kuyenda ndi kuchuluka kwa makasitomala, Cook walemba pangano ndi kasamalidwe yokonza njanji. Mu mgwirizano uno wapatsidwa kuchotsera kwambiri. Thomas ngakhale anabwera ndi chiphiphiritso kuti: "! Njanji - anthu mamiliyoni" Iye wokometsedwera pafupifupi onse mipanda, mitengo storefronts.

Luso "kugwira yoweyula"

Luso Kuphika: "Mgwireni pa Wave" wakhala chinthu chofunika mu bwino kampani yake. Koyamba ndi ntchito yofunika kwa Thomas chochitika chinachitika mu 1840. Pa nthawi iyi, mabungwe malonda ndi ntchito anapatsidwa mwayi tchuthi pachaka. Anthu amene analandira izo, sindikudziwa choti nkuchita nthawi yanu yomasuka. Ndiyeno Thomas anawafunsa wokongola chibwana.

Cook ndiye anayamba maulendo alendo ku Scotland. Apa anapita okonda ntchito Roberta Bernsa ndi Valtera Skotta. Pafupifupi ankakhala ku England kuwerenga alembi amenewa nthawi ndi malonda a mawerengedwe yotentha ndi Cook, izo zinali zoona. Aliyense ankafuna kuti zimapita malo omwe yatchedwa ndi ntchito za anthu amenewa.

Thomas anatsegula woyamba kufufuza nyumba zokhalamo za olemekezeka. Kodi zikuoneka kuti ife lero chinthu mwachizolowezi, pamene kunakhala kusintha chikumbumtima anthu. Iwo anachita izo zinali Tomás Kuk. chapaulendo monga mtundu wa chida chuma, mwa njira, nayenso, iye anabwera ndi.

Luso "kugwira yoweyula" ndipo nthawi zonse kukhala maulendo latsopano ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zikuluzikulu za kutchuka ndi chitukuko cha Cook. Ife sitikhala kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane maulendo onse bungwe wazamalonda. Wokwanira kuti wakhoza kuti "lotseguka" dziko lawo English (Ireland, Wales, Scotland, Malawi). Koma si iye yekha - lonse Ulaya, Land Woyera, America ndi ku India zinalembedwa maulendo alendo Cook.

Mwa njira, nthambi bungwe, zidalengedwa mwa iye ( "Thomas Cook ndi Mwana") ku United States ankapita ndi mwana wake Dzhon Meyson Cook. Mark Tven anali mmodzi wa makasitomala ake oyamba. Iye analimbikitsa pulezidenti kuti Perekani kampani imeneyi. Gwirizanani, amene amanena kwambiri!

Thomas Cook amatsogolera

"Apeza" Cook sikuthetsa kumeneko. Iye ndiye anali woyamba anayamba kufalitsa guidebooks. Iwo zofunikila mfundo zikuluzikulu za chidwi, anapatsidwa malangizo a mmene zinthu dziko kapena mzinda. Komanso, Tomás Kuk lofalitsidwa magazini yotchedwa "Tripper". Iye anapita ku mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Magaziniyi inali yoyamba ya mtundu wake.

Ulendo wa ku Mecca

udindo Thomas Cook mu chitukuko cha zokopa alendo sikuti pali. Mu 1878, bizinesi anatembenukira kwa Bwanamkubwa-General wa India. Adamfunsa iye kutsegula makamaka kwa Asilamu ina yatsopano ya zokopa alendo - Haji ku Mecca. Inde, ulendo unali wopambana. Kenako, kampani likulu Cook ili London, anatsegula Dipatimenti mwachindunji amwendamnjira.

ulendo World

The kampani "Thomas Cook ndi Mwana" ndi woyamba ulendo woyendetsa, amene ntchito zoyendera maofesi makasitomala ndege. Izi zinachitika mu 1919. Tomás Kuk bungwe woyamba wozungulira ulendo dziko mu zaka 1872-73. Kutalika kwake kunali masiku 222. Apaulendo nthawi iyi anagonjetsa 25 sauzande mailosi. Kukondwerera wozungulira tsiku olimba Cook mu 1991 bungwe kuzungulira dziko. Pa nthawi imeneyi unatenga masiku 34 okha kwa iye.

Momwe Cook ndi anzake

M'pofunika kupereka msonkho kwa moyang'ana m'tsogolo wa wazamalonda, ndi luso lake wofufuza tsatanetsatane, kulosera zosiyanasiyana. Pamene woyambitsa wa ntchito zokopa alendo, anafa (zinachitika 1892), chuma chake kunaganiziridwa kuti ndalama zambiri - 2497 mapaundi. Osati zoipa kwa munthu amene anayamba ntchito yake ya makobiri 6 pa mlungu. malonda bambo Anapitiriza ndi Dzhon Meyson Cook. Iye anafa zaka 7 kenako n'kusiya zotsatira za chuma, umene unali pafupifupi mapaundi 663.534. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, choncho inalandidwa ndi adzukulu - Thomas Albert, Ernest Edward ndi Frenka Genri. Ana a Thomas anali kampani mpaka mapeto a 1920. Pambuyo pake, kasamalidwe kampani inalandidwa ndi Association of amalonda.

KUKA lero

Ndipo mu nthawi yathu bizinezi zikuwayendera, amene anayamba Tomás Kuk. Ulendo woyendetsa, zidalengedwa mwa iye, lero ndi kampani yaikulu komanso olemekezeka m'munda wa zokopa alendo ku British Isles. zizindikiro Economic ndi kampani chachiwiri ku Ulaya, ndi dziko - wachitatu. Mu UK, komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri pali zoposa zikwi mabungwe ake. Tsopano kampani ntchito oposa 16 zikwi. Wogwila.

Mwa njira, mu Russia pali ndithu kampani wamng'ono "Intourist -. Tomás Kuk" Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe makampani awiri, wamkulu m'munda wake. "Intourist" unakhazikitsidwa mu 1929. Kukhazikika chifukwa cha pophatikizana a kampani ntchito mu utumiki wa amalonda ena ndi alendo ndi amapereka osiyanasiyana maulendo payekha ndi gulu St. Petersburg, Moscow, Russian mizinda kumpoto ndi Golden mphete, etc. Company "Intourist -. Tomás Kuk" Moscow ili pa 5 Donskoy kuyenda, kumanga 15 (p. 5). Koma osati likulu, pali kampani kugwirizana ndi dzina la ngwazi wathu. Ndipo m'mizinda ina ya dziko lathu, mungapeze bungwe, "Tomás Kuk" lomwe limapezeka mu mutu. Murmansk - mmodzi wa iwo.