Makampani ndi omwe amapanga katundu wambiri ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu komanso wogula katundu wa chuma cha mabanja. Izi zimadziwika bwino kwa ife kuchokera ku maphunziro a zachuma. Choncho, makinawa ndi mtundu wa makina, omwe mbali zina zothandiza zimachokera kumbali, nthawi zambiri siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kampani imodzi imalandira chuma (zipangizo, zipangizo, chidziwitso ndi ntchito ya ogwira ntchito), ndipo, kwina, katundu, katundu wogulitsidwa amamasulidwa.

Zingaganize kuti maziko a ntchito yowakhazikika ndikutengako katundu ndi katundu wotsatira wa katundu watha. Chimodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zimapereka kayendedwe kokwanira kwazinthu, ndipo pali kasamalidwe. Kodi izi zimachitika bwanji? Kodi pali maphikidwe okonzeka kuti athe kuyendetsa bwino? Ntchito yanga imadzipereka pa mafunsowa.

N'zoonekeratu kuti makina, magalimoto, makompyuta samapanga kanthu paokha. Ngakhale ma robot apamwamba kwambiri a ku Japan sakanatha kusonkhanitsa zipangizo popanda kulamulira, ndipo magalimoto pokhapokha akukonzekera ndi akatswiri achinyamata a ku Germany. Mu kampani iliyonse, kaya ndi chimanga-chimanga kapena sitolo yaying'ono ya nsapato, anthu onse akuyendetsa. Anthu amachita ntchito yonse, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zonse ndi njira zopangira, anthu amagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala ndi ogulitsa katundu.

Choncho, bungweli likhoza kukhazikitsidwa monga dongosolo lophatikiza mgwirizano wa zachuma wa antchito, eni ake ndi utsogoleri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikugwira bwino ntchito komanso yogwirizanitsa, nkofunika kukwaniritsa ntchito yoyenera ya anthu ogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito: ogwira ntchito, ogulitsa katundu, ogwirizana ndi makasitomala.

Chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka kampani ndi bungwe la antchito a antchito. Mu njira iyi pali ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• Kukwaniritsa bwino ntchito;
• Kusagwirizana ndi khalidwe lachangu la ogwira ntchito;
• Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yabwino ndi yofunika.

Kuchokera ku yankho la mavutowa kumadalira mtengo woyamba pa mtengo wogulitsidwa: ntchito yowonjezereka, yowonjezera ubwino ndi kuchepetsa mtengo. Choncho, chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogwira ntchito yochulukirapo komanso katswiri amakhala ndi mwayi wopambana pa mpikisano.

Gawo lina lofunika kwambiri la kayendetsedwe kogwirira ntchito ndi bungwe la ntchito yowonekera komanso yopindulitsa ndi ogwirizana ndi makasitomala.

Monga mukudziwa, makampani amagwiritsa ntchito zida za ngongole zamalonda, ngongole, ngongole za banki ndi zina zotero. Choncho, maubwenzi oyandikana nawo amayamba pakati pa mabungwe azachuma. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndalama za malonda zimalandiridwa ndipo ndalama zimayesedwa , monga lamulo, osagwirizana kapena kukula. Kuwonekeratu kwa ngongoleyo kwa ngongoleyo ku ngongole ndi ngongole za olimba ndi ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku yoyang'anira.

Kuphatikiza pa malamulo a ngongole ndi zolakwa, ntchito ndi ogulitsa ndi makasitomala akuphatikizapo ntchito zopezera wogula ndi wogula, kuti apangitse kusamvana, njira zothandizira phindu ndi mgwirizano. Malo apadera amatengedwa ndi ndondomeko yoonetsetsa kugulitsa katundu, kukonza njira yogulitsa.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX-XX. Malingaliro apamwamba a kampaniyo anasintha kwambiri. Kotero, kunali kutukuka kwa makampani, kugawidwa kwa katundu ndi kasamalidwe. Choncho, ndondomeko zowonongeka zamasintha.

Kotero, m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, oyendetsa adachoka ku machitidwe ovomerezeka, kugwirizanitsidwa kwa chigawo chimodzi cha chimzake kupita kumalo osinthasintha. Choncho, posachedwapa, makonzedwe atsopano ndi matrix akhala akufala.

Tiyeni titsimikize kuti tikufunikira kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsira ntchito polojekiti yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imafunika kuthandizidwa ndi magawano osiyanasiyana. Mwachiwonekere, munthu sayenera kuimitsa ntchito yawo ndi kuyesetsa kuti apange ntchito. Pankhaniyi, akugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyang'anira ntchito.

Kwenikweni, dongosolo la polojekitiyi ndi mtundu wa bungwe laling'ono, lopangidwa kuchokera kwa akatswiri oyenerera, akatswiri ndi zina zotero kuti athetse vuto linalake. Gulu limagwira ntchitoyi, limapanga ndikugwiritsira ntchito njirayi, kenako imatha. Akatswiri amabwerera kuntchito zawo, kapena amapita kuntchito yatsopano.

Njira yothandizira, yomwe panthawi imodzimodziyo imagwiritsa ntchito, imatchedwa kuti matrix structure. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mawonekedwe a matrix amakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ndi ntchito, popeza katswiri samapatsidwa ntchito zinazake. Kuphatikiza apo, nyumba zowonongeka zimakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu yothandizira ntchito, yomwe imakhala cholinga chachikulu cha woyang'anira polojekiti.

Pali njira zambiri ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana oyang'anira. Koma, malingaliro anga, chirichonse chimadalira munthu, pa manejala: pa chidziwitso chake, luso, chidziwitso ndi chisangalalo. Choncho, nkofunikira kwambiri kuti mwini wakeyo asayang'ane osati katswiri wodziwa zamakono zamakono, komanso mtsogoleri wakubadwa yemwe angathe kukopa anthu ndikukwaniritsa ntchito yawo yabwino.

Mabuku:

1. Mau oyamba a chiphunzitso cha kayendetsedwe ka bungwe / Burkov VN, Korgin NA, Novikov DA - Moscow: Librocom, 2009
2. Utsogoleri wa Makampani ndi Utsogoleri Wachuma / AN Asaul, VI Pavlov, FI Beskier, OA Myshko .- SPB: Humanistics, 2006.
3. Zofunikira za Economics Enterprise : Textbook / Yarkina Т.V.