Ufulu ndi udindo wa mtsogoleli wadziko la Chitaganya cha Russia ndi lamulo lalikhulu ladziko mwachidule

ndi ntchito za Pulezidenti la Chitaganya cha Russia chiyani? M'nkhaniyi tiona, ndiponso pa nkhani imeneyi. Mu parentheses ndi malamulo a nkhani za malamulo a dziko lino ngati palibe kufotokoza malamulo ena.

The pulezidenti

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti utsogoleri chaonekera athu dziko pambuyo Soviet kugwa. Ndipotu, si nthawi yoyamba positi unayamba mu 1990 mu USSR.

Ichi chinali chifukwa cha lamulo latsopano "Pa democratization" of 1988. MS Gorbachev unachitikira kusintha demokalase ndiye ulamuliro wapamwamba dziko anakhala Congress cha akuluakulu anthu. Soviet pulezidenti - Mkulu - osankhidwa pa msonkhano uno mwalamulo wamng'ono kwa iye. Ie mu Soviet Union kumapeto linakhalapo, ife analenga mtundu wa Democratic Republic aphungu kuti ndi zingaoneke amatikumbutsa dongosolo yamakono ya FRG Chancellor ndi Italy - ndi nduna yayikulu. Koma kusiyana kwambiri anali kuti yamalamulo Soviet inkakhala ziwanga 2.250, amene akukumana pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka, ndipo kuti panali gulu limodzi - Gulu Communist.

Kumene, pa mapeto a Soviet Union anawachotsa mbali yomaliza: anayambitsa dongosolo multiparty ndi olengeza, koma democracies Western Union anali akadali kutali. Komabe, masiku Osaumira Democratic Party wa Russia (LDPR) wakhala bungwe ngakhale mu Soviet Union (1989) ndipo ankatchedwa LDPSS. Lero, si mwambo kumbukirani, akukhulupirira kuti ife aononga dongosolo lakale opondereza ndi analenga latsopano, demokalase. Koma chilungamo, tiyenera kuona kuti ku Soviet Union - tili m'masiku otsiriza a kukhalapo kwake - koma pakhala kusintha ndale ndiponso zachuma.

The ndale ku Russia: kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution ndi chilengezo cha ufulu ndi udindo wa pulezidenti

Mbiri ya dziko lathu nditembenukire kuti utsogoleri sakanakhoza kukhala. Kumachita mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia anali kulengeza yekha mu December 1993, pamene malamulo atsopano anatengera, koma mpaka nthawi imeneyo, atsogoleri andale a dziko lathu linagawanika m'magulu awiri:

1. Woyamba akhafuna kuona mutu wa boma la Council Russian Federation Supreme, zimene lipoti Pulezidenti. Iwo anauza chitukuko ndale za boma latsopano la njira yakale Soviet. N'zotheka kuti vekitala izi zidza- lidzasinthidwa Republic aphungu, koma anthu akufuna kusintha kwakukulu mmalo osiyanasiyana.
2. Yotsirizira anali kumbali ya pulezidenti-aphungu Republic. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anali anthu osankhidwa pulezidenti wa dziko apatsidwe mphamvu zambiri.

Onse Pulezidenti Boris Yeltsin ndi mamembala a Bungwe la Supreme, lotsogoledwa ndi RI Khasbulatov kumbuyo mfundo yake ya view. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko la ndale, umene unatha kuyambira 1992 mpaka chaka cha 1993, ndipo zingachititse kuti nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu dziko lathu.

Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1993 mu likulu anaonekera okwatiranawo, ndi m'madera ena kugunda kwa adzamenyane awiri kunkakhala menyana. Bungwe la Chitaganya cha Russia Supreme anabalalitsa mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia, ndi yamasika mwa lamulo kusungunuka thupi osankhidwa. Akuti zoti anali akadali pa mbali ya Council, monga December 1993 dziko ankakhala pansi pa Constitution la USSR mu 1977, kotero lamulo pulezidenti analibe mphamvu malamulo.

Komabe, BN Yeltsin ankaipembedza unachitikira mu April 1993, imene za 58% ya podderzhali.No zake 42% ya a Komiti ya mbali - kuchuluka kwambiri, ndi escalation zina za kusagwirizanako kungachititse kuti mavuto adzaoneni. Kulikonse kuli anthu ndi mfuti, kusiyana zida za Ostankino TV nsanja.

October 4, 1993 ku likulu anayambitsa akasinja Taman Division, yokhala inati kwa Nduna ya silikhali, a pakhomo ku Bungwe la Supreme la Chitaganya cha Russia. Iwo anaombera zipolopolo pa White House, kumene kumbali anali atathawira ku Bungwe la Supreme. Recent anagonja, ndipo anali kunenedwa akufuna kulanda boma. Ndipo mu December 1993 izo anatengera Constitution latsopano la Russia. Pomaliza, pulezidenti wa mphamvu unali wovomerezeka chisankho cha 1996.

pulezidenti udindo

Pulezidenti wa RF Constitution, Mutu wa State (Part 1 Art. 80). Iye sanatero mutu wa mphamvu wamkulu, koma boma ali ndi ufulu kumisonkhano, paudindo izo, kusankha zoti yosiya wake ndi chilolezo cha boma Duma kuti am'sankhe mutu wa dziko (art. 83).

Magwero a chilamulo sizisonyeza pamaso pa mtundu anayi a mphamvu - ". Za utsogoleri" Komabe, mawu ntchito m'chilamulo kuganizira za udindo wapadera wa mutu wa boma malamulo: kukhalapo kwa mphamvu yake, ndipo zosiyanasiyana ufulu ndi udindo mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu ena, makamaka wamkulu.

Ndi udindo wa mtsogoleli wadziko la Chitaganya cha Russia chiyani? Kupenda mosamalitsa kenako m'nkhani ino.

Chitsimikizo cha Ufulu Ndi Kumasuka

The ntchito yaikulu ya pulezidenti wa Chitaganya cha Russia ndikuonetsetsetsa ufulu wa munthu ndi nzika (Part 2 of Art. 80). Kuyenera Mukalongosola kuti mfundo nkhani lingaliro la "ufulu ndi kumasulika" ndi "ufulu ndi kumasulika." Tiyeni tione izi mwatsatanetsatane.

Pansi woyamba akunena ubale wolimba ubale nzika ndi boma (boma). Izi amatanthauza chakuti mutu wa boma athu ayenera kuonetsetsa ufulu akumapeza ndi chakudya odetsedwa ndi nzika Mwachitsanzo, ufulu ndale (kusonyeza ufulu osankhidwa ndi adzasankhidwe, nawo misonkhano mtendere ndale ndi misonkhano, kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito za ndale, makomiti ogwira ncthito neri Al.).

Mawu akuti "ufulu wa chibadwidwe" amatanthauza anthu enshrined mu mapangano ambiri padziko lonse ndiponso ikuluikulu. Pansipa iwo amatanthauza malamulo amenewa khalidwe kuonetsetsa ufulu ndi ulemu wa munthu. udindo wake kuteteza ufulu oyendetsera dziko a nzika za mutu wa boma zikhoza anazindikira, mwachitsanzo, mwa vetoing ena malamulo ndi zochita za State Duma pamaso pa kuthetsa yomaliza ya mkangano ndi khoti woyenera.

Mu "ufulu" ayenera kutanthauziridwa pakalibe vuto lililonse ndi zofooka mu chirichonse chimene angathe kuperekedwa ndi boma pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo mu mabuku osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, achipembedzo ufulu wosankha, kusankha ntchito ndi ena.

Buku la malamulo

Mutu wa boma ali ndi ufulu kuti apereke omwe malamulo awo - malamulo ndi malangizo amene kuvomerezedwa kwa nzika zonse. Ngati sizikusemphana ndi malamulo feduro.

Lamuloli - dongosolo la malamulo kuchita yaitali, kunena kugulu.

Akanagwiritsa - kumasonyeza munthu zokhudza munthu makamaka munthu - mwalamulo kapena zachilengedwe - kapena ulamuliro onse.

Lamulo zoyamba za dziko sagwiritsa ntchito maganizo "malamulo" poyerekezera ndi malamulo ndi malangizo a mutu wa boma. Komabe, ndi anthu mu gulu panopa malamulo a magwero a lamulo monga sikudzakhala mosiyana ndi malamulo kapena malangizo a Constitution aliyense feduro.

Malamulo a khalidwe normative anayamba ntchito mu dziko pambuyo atapita masiku 7 pambuyo kusainira. zipani zina - nthawi yomweyo.

guarantor ya Constitution

Pulezidenti wa ku Russia ndi guarantor m'bukhu la malamulo ndipo ayenera kutsatira kuteteza malamulo ake, kuteteza Baibulo la ufulu amayenda ndi kumasulika. Umuthandize kuchita ntchito izi mutsogoleli Administration ndi zotsogololedwa za ufulu Ana pansi Purezidenti wa Russian Federation ndi Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.

guarantor za ufulu

Tipitirize disassemble ntchito za lamulo lalikhulu ladziko pulezidenti wa la Russia. Mutu wa boma ndi guarantor ya ulamuliro. udindowu adzachite kudzera malo a mphamvu zapadera, monga lamanja wokakamiza malamulo achisilikali. Mutu wa boma ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa asilikali ndi panyanja.

ntchito woimira

Pulezidenti akuimira boma onse mu mfundo yachilendo ndi zoweta. Mwachitsanzo, amaloledwa lowani mapangano mayiko m'malo mwa boma, kuteteza zofuna za makampani Russian m'bwalo lonse, ndi ena.

Pankhani ya mkati chifaniziro ntchito, m'pofunika kufotokoza peculiarities wa unit Kupititsa-boma. Russia ndi boma boma wapangidwa ndi zigawo ndi mizinda tanthauzo feduro. Nzika osiyana mini-limati mu Federation lapansi. Iwo ali ndi ufulu kukhala mkati awo malamulo, malamulo kuti apereke matupi awo malamulo, apereke malangizo mkati, mayiko a amitundu ufulu chinenero chachiwiri boma, etc. Makamaka m'njira imeneyi ndi kuti nzika za malamulo Usachite kutsutsa Constitution ndi boma malamulo malamulo. Mutu wa boma ndi pakati boma mu ubale ndi mabungwe a dziko.

Udindo zokhudzana mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu (Art. 83-85)

Pulezidenti adzakhala kugwira ntchito kugwirizana ndi mogwirizana ndi akuluakulu:

1. Asankha nduna yaikulu ndi chilolezo cha boma Duma.
2. Pamafunika kusankha pa yosiya ntchito za boma, suspend zochita zake.
3. Sankhani ndi savomereza Supreme Lamulo la Asilikali onyamula zida.
4. Amavomereza chiphunzitso cha boma usilikali.
5. Asankha oweruza ndi mutu wa Bank ku Central la Chitaganya cha Russia.
6. Anayambitsa ngongole mavoti mu State Duma.
7. Lowani ndi promulgate kusaina malamulo anatengedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo.
8. Timachitcha referendum.
9. mauthenga pachaka Assembly Federal.

Nthawi yokhala pa nchito ya mtsogoleli wadziko la Russian Federation (Art. 81)

Poyamba pa 1993 Constitution, Pulezidenti osankhidwa mu chisankho demokalase ambiri kwa zaka 4. Mu 2008, panali kusintha malamulo. Tsopano mu 2012, yokhala pa nchito ya mtsogoleli wadziko la Chitaganya cha Russian - zaka 6. Ndi chisankho cha Pulezident lotsatira udzachitike mu dziko lathu mu March 2018.

Amafuna kuti phungu kwa pulezidenti wa Russia

Kodi muyenera kukhala ndi boma lalikulu? Pali kuvomerezedwa malamulo osachepera, amene zinafotokozedwa Constitution:

• osati wamng'ono kuposa zaka 35;
• okhala pa gawo la dziko lathu kwa zaka zosachepera khumi;
• pakalibe kukhudzidwa ndi.

Ufulu ndi udindo wa Pulezidenti wa Russian Federation malinga ndi lamulo lalikhulu la dziko (mwachidule)

Choncho, kulonga n'cigwagwa zotsatira ndipo lembani yamtunduwu mutu wa boma:

• guarantor la Constituion, ufulu, ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika za dziko;
• kukhala dongosolo la ziwalo mphamvu ya boma;
• chifaniziro mu ndondomeko zoweta ndi achilendo;
• chitetezo cha charo;
• kuyan'anila lalikulu ladziko litsatidwe;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira pangozi situatsiyyah mwadzidzidzi, atchedwe malamulo achisilikali;
• ulamuliro wa nthambi mphamvu yonse;
• akulankhula zokhudza unzika ndi m'mene angatetezedwe ndale;
• mapangidwe Council Security dziko;
• ndi referendum;

• amatsogolera pa misonkhano ya nthambi za, chosankha pa yosiya ntchito za boma ndi poika mpando watsopano ndi chilolezo cha Duma;
• Kusankha mphoto ndi chikhululukiro;
• Kusankhidwa kwa mutu wa Bank ku Central ndi chilolezo cha Duma;
• woika oweruza;
• Nsanja ya malamulo yake ndi malamulo, osati malinga ndi malamulo boma ndi malamulo adziko;
• ntchito zina.

Tikukhulupirira kuti kudziwa kwanu m'dera limeneli kukodzedwa.