The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk: nyama ndi zomera

Mwatsoka, zochita za anthu pa dziko kwachititsa chakuti mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera zokhala izo, mwina mbisoweka kapena pafupi kutha. Mitundu okha amene anthu ikukula chaka ndi chaka - ndi munthuyo.

Today mu Russia pali buku wofiira pa boma, mlingo dera ndi boma, amene analembedwa pa nyama ndi zomera. The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk (onani chithunzi. Mmunsimu) lili ndi mndandanda wa nyama ndi zomera, lomwe munthu ayenera kutetezedwa.

Buku Red

Kufunika ngati chikalata wakhala woopsa kwambiri zaka 90 za zana la 20. The mafakitale a dziko anachita zotsatira zoipa kwa zaka za m'ma monga kutha kwa mitundu yonse. The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk kutchulidwa nyama ndi zomera zimene akufunika thandizo anthu. Ena a iwo ndi nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa.

zinthu zonse zachilengedwe kutetezedwa anawagawa m'magulu:

• Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo mitundu kuti akhoza kutha kwathunthu ngati mulibe njira zoyenera kuwapulumutsa;
• mu Gulu lachiwiri - mitundu amene manambala akuthamangira kuchepekela, ndipo iwo nthawi iliyonse kupita ku gulu la pangozi;
• mu Gulu lachitatu - oimira a zomera ndi zinyama kawirikawiri kupezeka;
• gulu chachinayi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimene bwino bwino, ndi nambala N'zoona kuti palibe uthenga.

The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk zimagwiritsa analemba za akuluakulu a gulu lachiwiri, ngakhale pali nyama chimene tinganene kuti pafupifupi mbisoweka ku malo amenewa.

Siberia salamander

Kukumana mtundu uwu zimachitikira m'dera kwayamba kuvuta kwambiri. Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti izi chidina wa Ice Age, yomwe inatenga zaka zambiri, tsopano pa zobvuta kupulumuka. Ndi mphamvu yake apulumuke frosts kumenyedwa pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, zopezeka mu Madzi oundana wa salamander Siberia, pambuyo ayezi zitasungunuka, umene umapezeka, anakhalanso ndi moyo ndipo anayamba kuyang'ana kwa gwero la chakudya. The zaka nthawiyi anali ndi zaka 90, ndipo ambiri mwa iye ankakhala mu mkhalidwe inaimitsidwa makanema ojambula.

Kudya machitidwe newts mollusks,, nyongolotsi, nkhanu ndi osiyanasiyana tizilombo mphutsi. Kutha kwa dera lawo Arkhangelsk akhoza kugwirizana ndi chiwonongeko cha malo awo achilengedwe ndi zakudya zawo mwachizolowezi. N'zokayikitsa kuti chidina kutha mofulumira atengere mofulumira kusintha kwa zinthu.

The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk ndi chodziwikiratu kuthandiza iye ngati sichitha kanthu topezeka zachilengedwe m'derali.

gulugufe Mnemosyne

tizilombo Izi unlucky kwambiri. mbozi ake kudyetsa kokha mtundu wina wa zomera (Corydalis) ndipo, ngati Mwamsanga, gulugufe Mnemosyne chabe udzawonongedwa m'chigawochi. nyama zonse za Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk mwachindunji kapena ayi zokhudza mitundu pangozi ya zomera, zomwe kamodzinso chikusonyeza kuti chikhalidwe palibe zinthu zosafunika.

Mnemosyne - sing'anga-kakulidwe gulugufe woyera kapena chikasu mtundu ndi mawanga awiri wakuda pa m'mbali kunja kwa mapiko. Loonetsa isafalikire - chomera Corydalis, kumene masamba mazira ake. Gulugufe ndi usiku, ankaona kuti kubisa masana ku rainforest lapansi.

Analowa Red Book m'madera onse a Russia, kumene amakhala. Chifukwa chodula mitengo ndi, monga Motero, mofulumira zomera zofunika kudyetsa mbozi, posachedwapa kodi angathe kukhala dziko. Popewa izi, muyenera kudziwa kumene anthu, ndi kuteteza malo a nkhalango kudula mitengo.

bowhead chinsomba

Nyama kutchulidwa Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk monga nyama. Wokhala madzi kumalo ozizira amatanthauza suborder mano zinsomba.

nyama palibe chipsyepsye dorsal, koma kwathunthu m'malo mbali ndi mchira wake wamphamvu. Amuna a nsomba kufika kutalika mamita 21, akazi -. Mamita 18 pa kusakasaka iye kulikonse choletsedwa Whaling Commission, koma kuti sakupha, sizikutanthauza kuti ali bwino.

Lero, imfa ya zinsomba zambiri amagwirizana ndi maukonde imene amakodwa ndi wosanyengereredwa adzauka pamwamba kwa mpweya, pulayimale lakuya.

Ndi chinsomba bowhead akhoza kulumpha zabwino mwa madzi, kenako kugwa pambali, kotero kuti anthu osiririka.

Chakudya, ayenera kudya makilogalamu 2,000 patsiku nkhanu, nsomba mphutsi ndi mollusks yaing'ono. Ngati chifukwa kuipitsidwa, chiwerengero adzakhala ndichepe, nayonso kuyambitsa imfa ya zinsomba. Choncho, mu Gulu lachiwiri mu Red Book. Pofuna kuthetsa awo kupulumuka ayenera kukhala pa mlingo lonse, popeza nkhawa kuipitsa madzi mafuta zinyalala ndi zinthu zina za poizoni.

walrus

nyama zam'madzi Red buku la dera Arkhangelsk, za amene angapezeke pa masamba ake, ngakhale m'gulu kukhala mu madzi ake, kawirikawiri amasamukira, choncho tsatirani otetezedwa kungakhale kovuta.

Mwatsoka, anthu mwankhanza awonongedwe awa nyama okongola ndi olemekezeka kwa tusks awo ndi mafuta, koma tsopano kusaka izo ndikoletsedwa. Walrus anthu ikukula kwambiri pang'onopang'ono kuposa awonongedwe awo. Panopa ali ndi rookery pa zilumba mu Nyanja Laptev, mu Nyanja Chukchi, pa gombe la Alaska ndi Kamchatka.

Nyama zimenezi moyo m'chigulu kumene ufumu ndi kugawikana udindo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mbalame zonse kukagona pa gombe, onetsetsani kuti aimike wotchi. Mu nkhani ya ngozi, iwo zimatulutsa ndi phokoso lipenga, ndi kudzutsidwa ng'ombe yomweyo iri yofulumira kuthawa madzi. Nthawizina, mu kugona tulo mwina kufa, koma izi sizichitika kaŵirikaŵiri, chifukwa zazikazi kuteteza matupi awo ngakhale ndi kuopseza kuti moyo wake.

Red-khosi Diver

The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk zikutanthauza mndandanda wake ndi tizilombo ndi nsomba ndiponso mbalame. Red-khosi Diver - yaing'ono ndi wokongola kwambiri mbalame, dzina lake chifukwa khosi lake yowala malo wofiira.

A mbalame zosamukasamuka wakonda osati mwanyanja ndi achibale ake ena, ndi mitsinje ndi zone Titafika pamalo. Izo ntchentche mofulumira kwambiri, kupanga choimirira vula mwachindunji ku madzi ndi pa nthaka pafupifupi wonyozeka ndi kuyenda movutikira, nthawi zina kukwawa, kuthandiza yekha ndi zipsepse wake. Mbali yake, iye kwambiri imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza nyama, zomwe ndi nsomba. Mphamvu zina akhoza kudya molluscs, nkhanu ndi tizilombo m'madzi.

Pakuti nthenga ake ndi pansi anthu kuika mbalame kuopsezedwa kutha. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri a m'deralo Arkhangelsk pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuwonjezeka, mwina ena m'tsogolo, izo zidzachotsedwa mndandanda wa zatsala pang'ono kutha.

White-tailed chiombankhanga ziwombankhanga

mbalame zambiri ndi mitundu kawirikawiri ndi magawo a m'dera kutetezedwa. The Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk mu chigawo "nyama osowa" wodzilemekeza mbalame izi:

• White-tailed Eagle: miyoyo pafupi mwanyanja kapena lalikulu matupi madzi oyera. Izi ogwirira wokongola mokwanira lalikulu kukula: kutalika - mpaka mita ndi wingspan - 2 mamita. Mlomo ndi miyendo ya mtundu wawo yowala chikasu. Izo wakudya makamaka woyera-tailed mphungu kapena nsomba amatenga waterfowl alenje ena. Ngati "usodzi" walephera, akhoza kuukira waterbirds.
• Berkut ndi wodziwika m'deralo, ngakhale chilombo izi amakhala mu mapiri. Kusaka nyama zina zing'onozing'ono ndi kukula chosiyana - kuchokera mbewa voles kwa kalulu wamng'ono ndi mbawala yamphongo. Zokhazikapo zigwirizane mu mapiri. Iwo anayamba adzafota chifukwa chiwonongeko cha alimi kuteteza nkhuku ndi mankhwala amene sprayed nkhalango.

peregrine

Peregrine kabawi limabweretsa banja. Akukhulupirira kuti ndi yachangu chamoyo pa dziko. Akhoza kukhala liwiro pamene pamadzi ndege 300 Km / h. Pa kusakasaka, iye angakaphe mapazi ake nyama mu kugwa liwiro kuti ngakhale mutu akhoza kuswa masewera chachikulu. Iwo pangozi monga chifukwa mankhwala amene sprayed mitengo ndi minda.

Mwatsoka, Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk, nyama ndi zomera zimene zili zambiri, ndi kuteteza awo sasamalira chitsimikizo, koma timudziwe bwino zatsala pang'ono kutha akhale onse okhala m'derali.

zikutha zomera

Monga tanena lililonse kukonzedwa selo yake topezeka kudera limenelo. Ngati inu kuswa kapena kuwononga, unyolo anachita angayambe pa zotsatira domino, pamene kutha kwa maluwa limodzi kuti zikuphatikizapo chiyani imfa ya mitundu ya tizilombo kudya mbalame.

Zomera za Red Book wa dera Arkhangelsk komanso ali pa zobvuta kupulumuka, monga:

• Lobelia dortmanna. Izi belu woboola pakati maluwa bluish ndi chizindikiro cha chiyero cha thupi madzi, wophuka pafupi. Zikuoneka monga kuipitsa nyanja ndi mitsinje ya m'dera anali kuchititsa mofulumira wake.
• Tetrahedral kakombo akukhala osowa pachifukwa chomwechi. N'zokayikitsa ngati anthu yeretsani madzi mu nyanja ndi mitsinje ndi kusiya kuipitsa gombe, chirengedwe adzabwezeretsa bwino zimenezo.
• Slipper panopa wa banja la maluwa ndipo amakonda lonyowa nkhalango nthaka meadows ndi nkhalango phiri. Kutha chifukwa kutentha, amene kupukuta kunja nthaka.

Izi si mndandanda wonse wa mitundu zayamba zomera ndi nyama mu dera Arkhangelsk. Kuti tiwerenge izo, muyenera kupeza buku la Red Book.