The mitundu ndi masitayilo analeredwa m'banja

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi ana, kupempha thandizo kwa akatswiri a maganizo. Moms ndi abambo kufunsa akatswiri, kodi ana awo ankakonda angakhale makhalidwe oipa, khalidwe loipa. A mbali yofunika kwambiri zimakhudza umunthu masewero kukulitsa. Kuyambira kalembedwe ake ndi mtundu wa makolo anasankha, zimadalira chikhalidwe cha ana, moyo tsogolo lawo. Kodi njira ndi mawonekedwe a maphunziro ntchito? Mu funso limeneli kumvetsetsa, chifukwa yankho adzakhala zothandiza kudziwa makolo onse.

maphunziro Kodi ndi zimene masitaelo pali?

The "maphunziro" mawu chaonekera mawu a anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi Asilavo malemba chojambulidwa cha 1056 mwa iwo anali woyamba anati kuganizira zosiyana. M'masiku amenewo mawu akuti "maphunziro" anali Ufumuyo makhalidwe monga "asamalidwe", "namwino" ndipo kenako icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito "kuphunzitsa" mtengo.

Kenako lingaliro ili anapatsidwa kwambiri kutanthauzira osiyana ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Ngati inu yosanthula iwo, tikhoza kunena kuti maphunziro - ndi:

• mapangidwe makhalidwe amene zothandiza anthu, ndi amene adzakhala ndi moyo mu izo, sadzakhala kupewa anthu ena, anatseka palokha;
• yatikhudza opereka chithandizo, ndi educability;
• kuphunzira ndondomeko.

Makolo kulera ana awo, ndipo nthawi sindikuganiza za gulu la ndondomeko imeneyi. Amachita ngati yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale zinachitikira moyo. Mwachidule, Moms ndi abambo akulera ana aamuna ndi aakazi ngati iwo akupeza izo. Choncho, banja lililonse litsatira inayake makolo kalembedwe. Akatswiri Mawu kumvetsa chitsanzo yeniyeni ya asapita makolo mwana wawo.

Pali classifications zambiri masitaelo ana. Mmodzi wa iwo adaganiza Diana Baumrind. Izi zamaganizo American kupeza zotsatilazi m'munsimu masitaelo kulera m'banja:

• authoritarian;
• ulamuliro;
• owolowa manja.

M'tsogolo, gulu ili yawonjezedwa. Eleonora Makkobi ndi Dzhon Martin anathandiza kalembedwe wina wa ana analeredwa m'banja. Iye natchedwa osayanjanitsika. Ena amanena mawu amenewa ntchito pofotokoza chitsanzo ichi monga "gipoopeka", "kalembedwe osayanjanitsika." Pansipa mwatsatanetsatane masitaelo makolo, khalidwe ya aliyense wa iwo.

Authoritarian kalembedwe maphunziro banja

Makolo ena ana awo mwamphamvu, ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a maphunziro nkhanza. Iwo anapereka ana awo chiongoko ndi mukudikirira kukwaniritsidwa awo. M'mabanja oterowo, pali malamulo okhwima ndi malangizo. Ana onse ayenera kukwaniritsa, osati kutsutsana. Pamene zosayenela ndi makhalidwe oipa, lokhala wosasangalala makolo kulanga ana awo, kuganizira malingaliro awo anafunsa kuti akudziwa chilichonse. Chotero kalembedwe wa maphunziro banja otchedwa authoritarian.

Mu pempheroli, zochepa kwambiri kudziyimira pawokha wa ana. Makolo amene amatsatira kalembedwe maphunziro, ine ndikuganiza kuti mwana wawo amakula omvera, wamkulu, amene ndi oopsa. Komabe, zotsatira zake zomalizira zosayembekezereka kwathunthu kwa mayi ndi abambo:

1. Udakali wamphamvu mu chikhalidwe, ana amayamba kulankhula momasuka, kawirikawiri mu unyamata. Iwo wopanduka, sonyezani waukali, kukangana ndi makolo, maloto ufulu ndi ufulu chifukwa kawirikawiri kuthaŵa panyumba.
2. ana osatetezeka kumvera makolo awo, ali nawo mantha, mantha chilango. M'tsogolo, anthu awa zinapezeka kuti sanali wodzikonda, manyazi, kudzipatula ndipo wachisoni.
3. Ena ana akukula, kutenga chitsanzo cha makolo - kulenga banja, ofanana kwa anthu omwe kukula okha, ndi kusunga akazi ndi ana mwamphamvu.

Kalembedwe odalirika a maphunziro banja

Izi akatswiri lachitsanzo magwero ena amanena kuti mawu akuti "demokalase makolo kalembedwe", "mogwirizana", monga ndi yabwino kwambiri mapangidwe umunthu ogwirizana. kalembedwe Izi kholo zachokera ubale ofunda ndi mlingo mwachilungamo mkulu wa ulamuliro. Makolo wokonzeka kuti kukambirana, yesetsani kukambirana ndi kusankha pamodzi ndi ana awo mavuto onse. Moms ndi abambo amalimbikitsidwa ana ufulu ndi aakazi, koma nthawi zina zingasonyeze kuti muyenera kuchita. Ana ayenera kumvera akulu kudziwa mawu "ayenera".

Chifukwa kalembedwe odalirika a ana makolo amakhala chikhalidwe kusinthidwa. Iwo sanaope kulankhula ndi ena, amatha kupeza chinenero. Odalirika makolo kalembedwe amalola kukula anthu palokha ndipo chikhulupiriro ndi mkulu kudzidalira ndi luso kudziletsa.

Kalembedwe odalirika - yabwino chitsanzo cha makolo. Komabe, kudzipereka kwapadera izo koma osafunika. Mwana ali wamng'ono m'pofunika ndi zothandiza authoritarianism wochokera makolo awo. Mwachitsanzo, mayi ndi bambo ayenera kusonyeza mwana wanu makhalidwe choipa ndi choti kutsatira malamulo aliyense chikhalidwe ndi malamulo.

Lachitsanzo owolowa manja ubale

Owolowa manja (nzitsi) makolo kalembedwe zimawonedwa m'mabanja makolo ndi kukhululukirana kwambiri. Polankhulana ndi ana awo, zonse ali ololedwa iwo, musadandaule Ziletsozi iliyonse, kuyesera kusonyeza chikondi chopanda malire kwa ana awo.

Ana amene amakulira m'mabanja chitsanzo owolowa manja ubale, ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

• Kawirikawiri aukali, mopupuluma;
• kufunafuna kanthu mudzikanize nokha;
• Iwo amachita zinthu moonetsera;
• Iwo samakonda thupi ndi maganizo ntchito;
• amasonyeza kudalira m'malire mwano;
• nkhondo ndi anthu ena amene salankhula iwo.

Nthawi zambiri, kulephera kwa makolo kuwayang'anira zotsatira mwana wawo chakuti iye akuona kuti magulu sakonda. Nthawi zina kalembedwe owolowa manja ndisanakhalepo zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Ana ena amadziwa ufulu ndi ufulu wa mwana, kukula yogwira, anatsimikiza ndi kulenga anthu (ie, momwe izo ziriri munthu amene wakhala mwana makamaka zimadalira maonekedwe a khalidwe lake, chibadidwe chikhalidwe).

Wosakhudzidwa kalembedwe kubereka ana m'banja

Mu chitsanzo ichi kuima mbali monga makolo mphwayi ndi ana chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza. Moms ndi abambo ali angatsutse kuti ana awo, ozizira kuwachitira, satchula chisamaliro, chikondi, wotanganidwa yekha ndi mavuto awo. Ana koletsedwa. Iwo sakudziwa taboos iliyonse. Iwo sanali katemera mfundo monga "wabwino", "chifundo", kotero ana alibe chisoni nyama kapena anthu ena.

Makolo ena osati kusonyeza kupanda chidwi koma udani. Ana a m'mabanja amenewa amaona n'kofunika. Iwo kuonetsa khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi zilakolako zowononga.

Gulu la mitundu ya maphunziro banja pa Eidemiller ndi Yustiskisu

yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe makhalidwe a akuchita mtundu wa maphunziro banja. Izi ndi khalidwe la ziphunzitso ndi makhalidwe a makolo mtengo, ubale maganizo mwanayo. E. G. Eydemiller ndi vv Yustiskis analenga gulu ubale, amene amadziŵika mitundu yambiri zikuluzikulu zomwe ndi maphunziro kwa anyamata ndi atsikana:

1. Amachita giperprotektsiya. Onse cholinga banja pa mwanayo. Makolo amayesetsa kupeza zosowa zake zonse ndi zokhumba, akufuna kukwaniritsa ndi kukhazikitsa loto.
2. The giperprotektsiya lalikulu. Mwanayo mu adzitengere ulamuliro wa. Makolo zonse kutiona. Ufulu wa mwanayo ndi zochepa, chifukwa amayi ndi abambo nthawi anaika malamulo alionse ndi zofooka.
3. Kuzunzidwa. Banja ukugwira ntchito nambala yaikulu zonena. mwana wawo ayenera unquestioningly kuchita. Chifukwa cha kusamvera, zokhumba, zolephera ndi khalidwe loipa akutsatiridwa ndi Chilango chaukali.
4. Osasamalidwa. Ndi mtundu uwu wa banja angamulerere mwana kumanzere kwa iyemwini. Mayi ndi bambo sindikusamala za izo, safuna iwo, sangathe kuletsa zochita zake.
5. Kuchuluka udindo. Makolo samapereka chidwi kwambiri ndi mwanayo. Komabe, iwo kuti amafuna abwino.
6. Maganizo kukanidwa. Maphunziro angathe kuchitidwa ndi mtundu wa "Cinderella." Makolo ankhanza ndi mnyozo kwa mwanayo. Iwo sali kupereka chikondi, chikondi ndi mzimu waubwenzi. Komabe, iwo ndi wovuta kwambiri kwa ana awo, amafuna wamulamula ndi dongosolo, miyambo subordination banja.

Gulu la mitundu ya maphunziro Garbuzova

VI Garbuzov taonera ntchito zikuluzikulu makhalidwe maphunziro kutchukitsa ndi makhalidwe a chilengedwe mwana. The akatswiri kuzindikiridwa mitundu 3 maphunziro a ana m'banja:

1. Mtundu A. Makolo safuna makhalidwe munthu wa mwana. Iwo sanali kuganizira, si kukulitsa. Maphunziro ndi chibadidwe mu mtundu uwu wa ziyang'aniridwe, ndi imposition wa mwana yekhayo khalidwe zolondola.
2. Mtundu B. maphunziro mwina amakhala ndi nkhawa-hypochondriac mfundo makolo za mmene thanzi la mwana ndi udindo wake usathe, kuyembekezera bwino kusukulu ndi ntchito ya m'tsogolo.
3. Lembani B makolo, achibale onse kulabadira mwanayo. Iye ndi fano la banja. zosowa zake zonse ndi zilakolako ilipo nthawi zina moyo wa achibale ndi ena.

Investigation Clemence

Akatswiri Swiss motsogozedwa ndi Clemence anazindikira izi masitaelo kulera ana m'banja:

1. Mwachibwana. Kalembedwe ichi, banja zigamulo onse ali ndi makolo awo. mwana ntchito - kuwatenga, kukwaniritsa zofunika zonse.
2. Participatory. Mwana angasankhe chinachake za inueni. Komabe, m'banja pali ochepa malamulo ambiri. mwana ayenera kutsatira iwo. Apo ayi, makolo ntchito chilango.
3. Kuwagawira. The mwana amatenga zinthu payekha. Makolo ankakakamiza mfundo yawo. Iwo sangamvetsere kwambiri kuti bola ngati khalidwe lake sichichititsa mavuto aakulu.

maphunziro Disharmonious ndi ogwirizana

Onse masitaelo a makolo mu banja ndi mitundu akhoza m'magulu magulu 2 disharmonious ndi zogwirizana maphunziro. Gulu lililonse lili ndi zinthu zina zimene anasonyeza tebulo pansipa.

N'chifukwa chiyani mabanja ena pali maphunziro disharmonious?

Makolo ntchito mitundu disharmonious ya masitaelo makolo ndi achibale. Izi zimachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Izi zochitika moyo, ndi makhalidwe ndi mavuto atakomoka kwa makolo masiku ano, zofuna unmet. Mwa mavuto akuluakulu amene amayambitsa maphunziro disharmonious izi:

• ziyerekezo makhalidwe mwana lomwe oipa;
• chimanga chosakhwima makolo maganizo;
• kusowa chitetezo maphunziro a makolo;
• pamaso pa kuopa kutaya mwana.

Chifukwa choyamba, makolo kuona mwana makhalidwe amene ali okha, koma sakuzindikira iwo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chad pali chizolowezi ulesi. Makolo amene angalange mwana wawo kuzunzidwa chifukwa cha khalidwe lenileni. Pomenyana zimawathandiza kukhulupirira kuti iwo alibe mwayi uwu okha.

Chifukwa chachiwiri taonera akupezeka anthu amene si anakumana ubwana makolo wachikondi. Iwo samafuna kuthana ndi mwana, kuyesera kuti sakhala ndi nthawi yocheza nawo, osati kulankhula, choncho anagwiritsa ntchito inharmonious kalembedwe ana banja kukulitsa. Komanso chifukwa ichi pali zambiri achinyamata amene sanali maganizo wokonzeka kuonekera mu moyo wa mwana wawo.

njakata maphunziro likutuluka, monga ulamuliro, ndi umunthu ofooka. Makolo ndi drawback osati kukakamiza anthu mfundo zenizeni mwanayo, zofuna zake zonse, chifukwa iwo sangathe kukana. A membala ka banja lapeza malo ofooka mayi ndi bambo, ndipo akugwiritsa, amafuna kuonetsetsa kuti anali pazipita ndi ufulu osachepera udindo.

Ngati pali chonama cha imfa ya makolo kumva chiopsezo mwana wawo. Amaganiza kuti ndi osalimba, ofooka, odwala. Iwo kumuteteza. Chifukwa cha zinthu zotere kumeneko inharmonious makolo masitaelo achinyamata monga kulekerera ndi giperprotektsiya lalikulu.

ndi maphunziro banja ogwirizana chiyani?

Makolo akakhala ndi analeredwa zogwirizana wa mwana monga ali. Iwo sayesa kukonza zolakwika zake zazing'ono, zilibe amalowerera zimene ena makhalidwe. Banja ukugwira ochepa malamulo ndi zoletsa kuti kutsatira zonse. kusamalira mwanayo zimapezeka mkati malire (zofuna za achibale ake ena 'si ananyalanyaza kapena kuphwanya).

Pamene analeredwa amafunika mwana amasankha njira yake chitukuko. Mayi ndi bambo sizipanga iye azikapita ku mabwalo kulenga, ngati iye sanafune. Ufulu wa mwana kumalimbikitsidwa. Makolo kungopereka malangizo zofunika ngati zofunika.

Maphunziro anali ogwirizana, makolo ayenera:

• Nthawi zonse azipeza nthawi yolankhula ndi mwanayo;
• chidwi kupambana kwake ndi zolephera, kuthandiza kupirira mavuto ena;
• osaika kuthamanga pa mwanayo, kuti asanene mfundo zake za maganizo;
• amalangiza mwana ngati membala wofanana banja langa;
• ana makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri monga chifundo, kulemekeza ena.

Pomaliza, ndi Dziwani kuti n'kofunika kusankha mitundu lamanja la masitaelo makolo ndi achibale. Pa izi zimatengera mmene mwanayo adzakhala chimene afuna Patapita moyo, kaya muzilumikizana ndi anthu ena, ngati iye sati kudzipatula ndipo yosalankhulika. Pankhaniyi, makolo muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kumbukirani kuti chinsinsi maphunziro othandiza si chikondi cha membala ka banja, chidwi, wochezeka, nkhondo lopanda mpweya m'nyumbamo.