Opaleshoni yoyamba kuti ndikasendeza mutu wa munthu. ngati anthu mutu kumuika zotheka? anavomera kuti mutu polumikiza

Mutu kumuika munthu - ichi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha sayansi ya kupatsidwa zina. Poyamba, opareshoni ngati zinkaoneka kuti n'zosatheka, chifukwa palibe kwenikweni kugwirizana ubongo ndi msana. Koma malinga ndi neurosurgeon Italy Sergio Kanavero, palibe chosatheka, ndi ntchito akadali zichitike.

A pang'ono deta mbiri

Ngakhale pamaso pa 1900 limba kupatsidwa zina wafotokozedwapo yekha mu buku wosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, Gerbert Uells ntchito "The Island a Dr. Moreau" akulongosola zatsopano pa Thirani ziwalo za nyama. zopeka wina wa nthawi imeneyo, Alexander Belyaev, mu buku la "Professor Dowell Mutu" kungakuthandizeni yekha ndimalota za mu 19 m'ma limba kupatsidwa zina. anthu mutu kumuika sanali nthano, ndi nkhani zoseketsa.

World anazondoketsedwa mu 1905 pamene Dr. Edward Cirma kuziika kwa olandila diso, ndipo anagwira pa. Kale mu 1933 mu Kherson, ndi Soviet katswiri Yu Yu Khwangwala anachita woyamba bwino mtima kumuika amapatsirana. Chaka chilichonse, limba kupatsa limakula. Pakali pano, asayansi akwanitsa kuti ndikasendeza corneas, mtima, kapamba, impso, chiwindi, chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi miyendo, ndi bronchi ndi kumaliseche a amuna ndi akazi.

Kodi ndi liti pamene nthawi yoyamba kuziika mutu?

Ngati mu 1900, wina wa sayansi analankhula ndi kuopsa kwa anthu mutu kumuika, osalephera, izo chingaoneke chachilendo. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 21, akuti mu mtima wonse. opareshoni kale inakonzedwa 2017, ndipo nthawi pali kukonzekera ntchito. Kupatsidwa zina za mutu wa munthu - ichi ndi ntchito zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zidzaphatikizapo nambala yaikulu neurosurgeons padziko lonse Komabe, ayang'anire kumuika dokotala Italy Sergio Kanavero.

Kwa oyamba mutu kumuika ndi bwino, zidzakhala zofunikira kuziziritsa mutu ndi thupi la mwiniwake 15 ° C, koma maola 1.5 okha, mwinamwake maselo adzayamba kufa. Pa ntchito adzakhala crosslink mtsempha wamagazi ndi mtsempha, ndi kumene chingwe msana waikidwa nembanemba wa polyethylene glycol. Ntchito yake ndi kugwirizana manyuroni mu ang'ambe thupilo malo. Amaganiza kuti opareshoni kuti ndikasendeza mutu wa munthu adzakhala pa 36 maola ndipo amafuna ndalama kuchuluka kwa madola 20 miliyoni.

Amene moyo pachiswe chifukwa cha chiyani?

Nsanja ya anthu ambiri: "Ndani ali wolimba moyo amene amadzinenera kuti ubongo kumuika?". Popanda kupita mwakuya ku vuto, zikuoneka kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi yowopsa kwambiri ndi zingawatayitse moyo wa munthu. anavomera kuti mutu kulumikiza, ndi Russian mapulogalamu Valery Spiridonov. Iwo likukhalira kuti kupatsidwa zina za mutu pakuti - muyeso kutero. Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndi luso wasayansi odwala myopathy. matenda, kumene kumakhudza minofu Kapangidwe ka chamoyo wonse. Ndi minofu kufooketsa ndi manja chaka chilichonse. Minyewa, ili mu zigawo kutsogolo kwa chingwe msana amakhudzidwa ndi munthu watha mphamvu kuyenda, kumeza ndi mumasunga.

Kupatsidwa zina ndi kuthandiza Valery kubwezeretsa ntchito zonse za galimoto. Mosakayikira, anthu mutu kumuika opaleshoni koopsa kwambiri, koma kutaya amene moyo, ndi nthawi pang'ono? Koma Valery Spiridonov (ndi panopa 31), ndiye ana ndi matenda zambiri ngakhale akule.

Mavuto kupatsidwa zina mutu

Izi ndi yovuta kwambiri, nchifukwa chake pafupifupi 2 zaka idzachitike ntchito kukonzekera asanachite opareshoni. N'kuyesayesa zimene ndendende kuti zivuta ndi mmene Sergio Kanavero akufuna kuthana nawo.

1. Mitsempha ulusi. Pakati pa mutu ndi thupi pali nambala yaikulu manyuroni ndi ochititsa amene si kwawo atatha choipa. Ife tonse tikudziwa milandu komwe munthu ngozi anapulumuka, koma anataya galimoto ntchito yake ya moyo chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa khomo lachiberekero msana. Pa nthawi, asayansi oyenerera anayamba njira zimene zingathe kuyambitsa zinthu zimene kukonza misempha zowonongeka.
2. Ngakhale zimakhala. Thirani mutu anthu amafuna woperekayo (thupi), lomwe adzakhala anabzala. M'pofunika molondola kusankha thupi latsopano, chifukwa ngati minofu ya ubongo ndi thupi ndi sikugwirizana - chifuniro edema, ndi anthu adzafa. Pa nthawi, asayansi apeza njira kulimbana minofu kukanidwa.

Frankenstein akanatha kukhala phunziro labwino

Ngakhale kuti zikuoneka kuti kusintha mutu - ichi ndi chisangalalo ndi zothandiza anthu, pali chiwerengero cha mavuto. Asayansi ambiri padziko lonse yolimbana ndi kupatsidwa zina pa mutu. Kusadziwa zifukwa woona, zikuoneka m'malo wosamvetseka. Koma tiyeni tikumbukire mbiri ya Dr. Frankenstein. Iye analibe zolinga zoipa nafuna kulenga munthu amene amathandiza anthu ammudzi, koma anali brainchild cha chilombo ankakwiya kwambiri.

Akatswiri ambiri azindikira zikufanana pakati pa zatsopano za Dr. Frankenstein ndi neurosurgeon Sergio Kanavero. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti munthu amene kuziika mutu, angakhale ankakwiya kwambiri. Komanso, ngati kuyesera adzakhala, anthu adzakhala ndi moyo kosatha, mobwerezabwereza ndi Thirani mutu kwa matupi atsopano wamng'ono. Ndithudi, ngati icho chidzakhala chabwino wasayansi imeneyo, chifukwa Tiyenera kukhala ndi moyo kosatha? Ndipo ngati zikuoneka kuti?

Kupatsidwa zina za mutu adzabweretsa kwa anthu?

Kamodzi tidadzatulukira ngati anthu mutu kumuika n'kotheka, tiyeni kuganizira zimene zinachitikira izi zingabweretse sayansi yamakono. Mu dziko muli matenda ambiri kugwirizana ndi kuphwanya msana ntchito chingwe. Ndipo ngakhale gawo ili la thupi wakhala bwino kuphunzira ndi asayansi ambiri a dziko, njira mtheradi mavuto zokhudzana ndi innervation wa chingwe msana, silinapezeke.

Komanso, msana khomo lachiberekero, pali cranial misempha kuti ali ndi udindo masomphenya, haptics, kukhudza. Kulakwila ntchito awo sangathe kuchiza neurosurgeon iliyonse. Ngati mutu kumuika kuchitika bwinobwino, adzakhala ambiri a anthu olumala, ndi kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse.