Nsomba - ichi n'chiyani? ndi zamanja chiyani?

"Nsomba" - mawu amene wakhala limaimira ntchito iliyonse, chifukwa chimene munthu amakhala. Anthu ambiri atamva mawu akuti "usodzi" kapena "wowerengeka luso". Kukhala ndi tanthauzo la liwu? Amene ntchito motani?

tanthawuzo

Tanthauzo loyamba la mawu akuti "usodzi" - ndi kupanga chinachake. Nthawi zambiri, dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti mawu akuti "ntchito". Ndi anthu ntchito zofunika, amene anali ngati gwero la kukhalako kwake. Chikakwaniritsidwe kusaka, nsomba ndi malonda wotsatira kapena kuwombola wa yotengedwa.

Choncho, panali nsomba, zisindikizo, anamgumi ndi zamanja ena. Koma nsomba - zimenezi si kwenikweni kusaka. mawu limatchula kudula mitengo, kukumba migodi ya miyala, komanso zamanja zosiyanasiyana, monga kuluka, mbiya, mtengo kusema, etc. Choncho mawu otanthauza kapena kulowetsa chilengedwe walenga, kapena kulenga chinachake ndi manja awo kuonetsetsa kuti inu ndi banja lanu.

"Kusakidwa chinachake" zikutanthauza kuchita nsomba. Kenako, mawu akuti ankagwiritsa ntchito mophiphiritsa kutanthauza mthunzi zoipa ndi chinyengo ntchito kapena chinachake choipa, mlandu.

Nsomba mafakitale

The zamanja amakezana - ndi nsomba, ulimi wa njuchi ndiponso kusaka. Mu kumpoto njira zikuluzikulu za kupulumuka chinali kitoubiystvo, chisindikizo kusaka, agwape ndi ubweya zobala nyama. Ku Far East ife anasonkhana Maral muzu, ginseng ndi zina mankhwala zomera, zipatso ndi bowa. Kuyenera chiyembekezo kunadetsa otchuka golide kapena migodi golide. Chinkhoswe shishkoboem, kuluka, shoemaking, zodzikongoletsera blacksmithing, yotengedwa Malemu.

Pang'onopang'ono, m'zigawo ndi kupanga mabuku kuchuluka. M'zaka za m'ma XIX zinaoneka mafakitare, m'malo limodzi zamanja kupanga makina. Mawu "usodzi" unakula "makampani". Panali makampani akuluakulu monga migodi, zikugwira migodi, ntchito mafuta, ndi zina zotero. D.

Kuluka wakula makampani nsalu ndi shoemaking - mu nsapato, kusema ndi processing mitengo umaonekera makampani mipando. Ngakhale izi, ena ntchito kufikira tsopano.

Ku Tirhana na Timatheriyali

Art mmisiri otchedwa handicrafts. Ndi gawo la miyambo ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri ali ndi yopapatiza dera, achilendo yekha m'madera ena

Akalekalefe Russian nsomba - izo gzhel - buluu utoto zadothi zoyera. Izo zinachokera ku midzi ya ku parishi Gzhel Moscow m'chigawo cha m'ma XVIII. anthu ena otchuka Russian utakhala: Zhostov trays, hohloma, zidole Dymkovo, Gorodets kupenta pa nkhuni, shawls nsalu ndi pavlosadovskie zotsimikizira Tula samovars.

Kupanga zidole, nayenso, anakhala wowerengeka luso. Occupation wakhala zikomo otchuka kwa wojambula Malyutin, amene anasonyeza chidali chifuniro chake pa Paris World Exhibition mu 1900. Chidole mwamphamvu "Anapitirizabe" chikhalidwe Russian ndi amagwirizana ndi Russia m'mayiko onse a dziko.