Nkhono mphesa: kuswana, zinthu m'ndende. nkhono munda

Nkhono mphesa kuswana kuti anayamba zaka 40 zapitazo, ku chinthu yaing'ono Chotsimikizika wakhala phunziro la kupanga zikuluzikulu ulimi.

"Green" munda

Kwa zaka zambiri ku Ulaya, mtundu wa nkhono pamodzi chilengedwe cha malo ake. Izi zinachititsa kuti kuchepa anthu nkhono zakutchire, kotero msonkhano inaletsedwa.

Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa amafuna okhwima ukhondo kwa khalidwe la chakudya tsopano sanalinso monga gwero chakudya. Ichi ndi chifukwa zofuna za ogula chitetezo ku zomera zakupha kapena mankhwala woopsawo.

Patapita zaka zingapo kuyesera ndi mayeso Italy izo chaperekedwa njira nkhono kuswana poyera "busa", zimene zinathandiza kuti akhale nthawi yochepa yambiri ndi zambiri yosafuna kuposa kukula iwo m'nyumba kapena greenhouses.

ubwino Economic ndi anazindikira pambuyo unsembe koyamba wozungulira ndi kuchinga mkati. Financial kubwerera chikuyembekezeka osati kale kuposa miyezi 12-14.

Akuthamanga mtengo njira (poyerekeza yopanga wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'nyumba) pansipa, ndi mtengo waukulu kugwa yekha mbewu, kukonzekera nthaka ndi kubzala mbewu masamba.

Nkhono, mtengo umene tili ranges kuchokera mayuro 3 3,7 pa kilo, ndi zaphindu kuswana chinthu.

Site wosankhidwa ndi dongosolo nthaka

munda Nkhono limayendetsa odyetserapo ziweto lotseguka wamkulu pa iwo zomera yabwino yoti kutumikira nkhono chakudya ndi pogona. Kuphunzira mthunzi si ntchito. Posankha malo ndi nyumba za nkhono munda ali n'komwe mosavuta mphepo malangizo, monga mphepo yamphamvu zouma nthaka.

The kusanthula ndi decontamination wa nthaka kuti sitingakumane zinthu zoyenera pa kulima masamba leafy wobiriwira ndi kuchotsa tizilombo thupi kudya ndi tizirombo. Analimbikitsa lotayirira nthaka ndi acidity pH 5,8-7,5. nthaka kwambiri acidic kwa kupanga nkhono zosafunika. The zili kashiamu m'menemo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 3-4%. nthaka kapangidwe - kuchokera zolimbitsa kwa ofatsa. nthaka Clayey si oyenera atagona mazira, monga nkhono ovuta kukumba izo ndipo n'zosavuta kuwasandutsa chithaphwi.

Nkofunika kuti zomera ndi nkhono anali lonyowa chifukwa mame, mvula kapena nkhungu ankalamulira. Nkhono (Photo anapereka m'nkhani) amasuntha mosavuta pamene masamba mvula ndipo dziko lapansi. Iwo kudya ndi kukula mofulumira m'mikhalidwe yoyenera zachilengedwe.

Mvula ndi ulimi wothirira ankalamulira zofunika ulimi wa nkhono.

Good nthaka ngalande nkofunika kuti madzi si kudziunjikira pansi m'madamu.

Kuswana malo akhale opanda mitengo yaikulu, chifukwa iwo kukopa mbalame zolusa, zomera mthunzi ndi kuteteza mapangidwe mame.

Kumene kugula nkhono kwa kuswana? Alimi amene kugula nkhono pickers nkhono kapena kumsika ayenera kuyembekezera imfa awo okwezeka chifukwa cha anatengera osauka zakudya zina. Gwero yodalirika ya kuswana zinthu amadziwika opanga kapena mabungwe ulimi. Izi nkhono (mtengo wake adzakhala apamwamba) bwino ndi otetezeka chifukwa chibadwire analandira kudya bwino ndipo musati kuwononga deta ndi kusunga.

kukula chiwembu

Minda kukula nkhono zosiyanasiyana kukula, malingana ndi munthu amene anachita nawo iwo. Fans, amene mwakula nkhono zochepa, ntchito malo maekala 10 20. Alimi amene akuchita izo monga njira ina ndi zochita zina, amatenga pafupifupi maekala 30 mahekitala 1. opanga Large malonda zambiri kuyamba ndi mahekitala 2 ndi mahekitala 30 angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kukula kwa malonda. Zina acreage kunja kwa anthu zosungikira nkhono, ntchito mbewu sekondale monga mpendadzuwa.

kukonzekera malo

Chiwembu mwayeretsa udzu udzu ndi ntchito kukhudzana herbicide. nthaka ndiye nakulitsa pa mlimi makina, inamangidwa pa mpanda wozungulira. nthaka umayamba fetereza, mankhwala disinfestation ikuchitika ndi tizirombo. Ndiye m'dziko lagawidwa m'magawo kwa kupanga chaka choyamba, ndipo anaika mizati matabwa kuchirikiza mpanda mkati.

nthaka okonzeka kachiwiri akutsatiridwa ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake ndi ozungulira ndipo ngati chofunika, powonjezera laimu ndipo anapereka ulimi wothirira. Fesani ikuchitika pambuyo pamwamba ndi angaimbidwenso ndi adzamangira mkati mpanda. Potsiriza, kuti magawowa yokonza njanji kachiwiri anachitira kukhudzana herbicide.

chakudya

Kodi kudyetsa nkhono? Popeza mollusks awa ndi zamasamba, amasangalala zosiyanasiyana masamba ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Komabe, kudyetsa machitidwe "kupanga msipu", amangoona zikuphatikizapo zomera zokha ndi masamba minofu wobiriwira, amene ali salt mchere, ku feteleza, sulfates ndi carbonates zimene zimachititsa kumira.

Kupanga nchito ya nkhono, zomera ndi ntchito ziwiri. Iwo chakudya ndi kutetezedwa dzuwa, mvula ndi matalala. Zomera zimenezi ndi Mwachitsanzo, burdock, plantain, chotchezera, chervil ndi mpendadzuwa. Mu Italy, kuika Beets munda kabichi, chicory, artichokes, Palestina ankalima ndi mpendadzuwa.

Bzalani ndi dzanja kuonetsetsa ❖ kuyanika zolimba dothi ndi mtundu wa chodzala zimadalira nyengo (dzinja ndi chilimwe mbewu). Kufesa nthawi n'kofunika kwambiri - zomera ayenera kokwanira kuti nthawi zonse chinachake kudyetsa nkhono. Kupanga pazipita mbewu ndi nkhono zofunika m'madera kasinthasintha mbewu.

Pambuyo kuoneka chomera tikuonera cochlea ndi (chithunzi kumaonekeranso m'nkhani) kwa ana ndi pamwamba pa mpanda pa mlingo wa 25 kapena 20 Helix aspera Helix pomatia pa mita lalikulu.

chodzala chilimwe ndi chisanu mbewu zingasiyane komanso mtundu wawo.

Mpanda kunja

Kukafika kutsogolo kunja kwa mapepala chishango cha chitsulo kanasonkhezereka. Iwo anaikidwa pa akuya 30-40 masentimita ndi kulimbikitsa Kuthandiza matabwa kapena chitsulo posts. Cholinga chachikulu cha wozungulira wa - kupewa malowedwe a zolusa, makamaka amene amatha kukumba. Pakati pa wozungulira ndi kuchinga mkati ayenera achotse nthambi. Ngati aliyense wa nkhono za agonjetse zobetchera mkati, pa njirayo ndi mpanda kunja kuteteza kuti amapatsira.

Kuwonjezera sefa ndi inasangalatsa waya pamwamba pa pepala kanasonkhezereka amapereka bwino chitetezo cha ulimi nkhono.

mkati mwa mpanda

mipanda Internal ntchito kuswana osiyana ndi malo kudyetsa. Mipanda zopangidwa cholimba wakuda polyethylene mtundu "Heliteks". Izo awiri downwardly akukumana valavu pa msinkhu wa masentimita 40 ndi masentimita 70 kuchokera pansi kuteteza kufala kwa nkhono. mizati matabwa kuthandiza polyethylene amamasulidwa pa mtunda wa mamita 3-4. Iwo m'manda mu nthaka osachepera kuti akuya 10 cm. Zone The ambiri ali kutalika mamita 20-45 ndi 2-4 mamita m'lifupi.

Pamene ana nkhono zimaswa mu gawo la uchembere, mpanda ikhoza kusunthidwa.

nsikidzi

Nyama ndi tizilombo zomwe zingachititse mavuto ndi ulimi wa nkhono, kwambiri.

Iwo zimadya kafadala, monga carabidi, calosomidi, lampiridi makamaka stafilinids, amene adzaukira ndi kupha ana. The kafadala moyo m'nthaka ndi ngati chilengedwe lonyowa komanso nkhono. Stafilinids angabweretse vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Pa gawo pokonzekera kuthetseratu tizirombo izi makamaka ntchito mankhwala disinfestation.

Tambala ndi magpies - mbalame chakudya m'gulu nkhono. Chipolopolo wasweka mlomo ndipo anadya nkhani. Mbalame kumenya nkhono miyala, mpaka anamasulidwa mthunzi.

Pakuti abuluzi, njoka ndi achule, nkhono ali ndi chakudya chokoma, makamaka achinyamata, kotero mpanda kunja ayenera recessed mu nthaka kuteteza ogwirira izi. Makoswe komanso kudya nkhono, makamaka nthawi yozizira, pamene chiwerengero cha zakudya ndi zochepa. Akalulu, hares ndi timadontho-timadontho komanso kuimira vuto chifukwa iwo kudya mbewu ndi kuwononga nkhono, kupondereza iwo.

Nkhono mphesa: kuswana

M'chaka oyambirira nkhono kuswana amasankhidwa chifukwa kubwezeretsa, ndipo anayikidwa mu malo atsopano. Iwo adasankhidwa pa kukula ndi khalidwe ndipo umasamutsidwa ku wodzipereka kwa gawo kubereka zomera wamkulu.

M'chaka choyamba mu bulangeti aikidwa zosaposa 25 Helix aspersa pa mita lalikulu. Mopanikizana adzachititsa dwarfism, otsika kulemera ndi omwalira chifukwa ntchofu pansi.

Mu masiku oyambirira angapo wa nkhono anasankha kwambiri kuona, monga iwo adzayesa kuti athawe ndi amavutika maganizo a chilengedwe.

Mbeu zolimidwa ku dera la kubereka, ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa masentimita 50. Iwo kudula mowers kuwalimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba atsopano ndi aziyenda bwino mpweya. M'chaka chachiwiri osalimba amachepetsa kuti nkhono 15 pa mita lalikulu, monga kugwa kwa amafa. Nkhono ayipanga kwanuko, choncho amakhala acclimated chilengedwe ndi zochepa anatsindika.

Nkhono: chisamaliro, zili

Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa nkhono wamng'ono saloledwa kukula kwa miyezi itatu pamaso iwo anayikidwa mu zone kudya ndi mbewu yatsopano. Nkofunika kuti chikhalidwe adakula mwamphamvu ndipo anapereka kutetezedwa chilimwe dzuwa. Mbewu ayenera sadzauka ndi masentimita oposa 25, ndiponso kudula kulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba atsopano ndi makope mpweya. Pa nthawi kukula, pa kutopa ndi landings zofunika yothandiza mphamvu odulidwa zomera ndi chakudya youma.

hibernation

Mu December ndi January nkhono ntchito ikutha ndipo anasindikizidwa mu lakuya kwa hibernation. Mu nyengo yozizira kugwa nkhono TACHIMATA ndi filimu zonyalazo zakuthupi zomwe amaziteteza ku kukhudzana. Chifukwa ichi kuchuluka nthaka kutentha kwa madigiri 5-10. Ya masika mpanda chikutha mbewu atsala analima ndi wokonzeka pansi kwa chikhalidwe chaka chatsopano.

nkhani opanga

Chifukwa cholephera kawirikawiri:

• kasamalidwe osauka.
• mavuto kubalana mwa zamoyo zovuta za nkhono.
• ndalama zoperewera.
• Osauka nthaka kukonzekera.
• Cholakwika kusankha mbewu.
• Kupanda kasinthasintha.
• Overproduction.
• Kupezeka kwa zilombo zolusa komanso kusowa kwa madzi okwanira ndi zomera nkhono.

Collection ndi kukonzekera zogulitsa

Nkhono anasonkhana akafika kukhwima ali. Izi zimachitika pamene m'mphepete mwa yekha amakhala olimba - kucha ngale ndi ambiri kukula. Nkhono anasonkhana mlungu uliwonse kapena pamene yabwino kwa mlimi, monga ulamuliro, mu kugwa ndi masika, ndi masiku 7 anasamutsa m'zipinda kuti kachitidwe kawo m'mimba kuchotsa nthaka ndi zinyalala. Nkhono anayikidwa pa malo ozizira popanda chakudya ndi madzi mu maselo, zopangidwa ndi mauna kapena waya. Pa kuyeretsedwa nkhono kutaya 20% ya kulemera kwake ndi zobisika mu lakuya, koma zikhale mu mkhalidwe miyezi iwiri ngati anali pa malo ozizira pa kutentha pafupifupi 4-6 ° C.

Kenako pakubwera nthawi ya zogulitsa. Nkhono ankanyamula mu matumba ukonde (monga anyezi), analimbika makatoni kapena ngati ambiri a iwo mu matabwa mabokosi.

Ngale amagulitsidwa magolosale ndi odyera anagulidwa. Mu Italy, mwachitsanzo, chakudya zikondwerero umachitika nthawi zonse, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhono zambiri khalidwe lawo. 60% nkhono moyo inafikira nsomba masitolo akuluakulu.

chidule

njira Research wa nkhono kuswana, imachitika pa zaka 40 zapitazi, analola cholakwa ndi kapangidwe bwino njira zonse. Kufunika kusalumikizana wa nsomba inkachitika ndi kuwonjezeka mu mowa kwa mtundu umenewu wa nkhono lonse. The bwino bungwe dongosolo la ulimi zathandiza kuti njira zosavuta nkhono kukula - "inayake ya Kuthi".

Nkhono kuswana mphesa ikuchitika m'malo lotseguka, amapereka zambiri nyama apamwamba, ndi zazikulu ndi tastier kuposa nkhono chakula zipinda kapena greenhouses.

Kupambana zimadalira luso la mlimi angathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kupanga zinthu m'deralo nyengo ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe. Studies amachitika Italy, anasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha nkhono chofunika, amene amapereka aliyense akanasankhidwa kubalana, pafupifupi 20. Zam'madzi zofunika kwa miyezi 10 kuti 12 kukwaniritsa kukula ankafuna. Kuŵeta nkhono ngati nkotheka, mpaka palibe mavuto aakulu pa kudzinenepetsa kapena palibe mipata yokwanira.

Nkhono kuswana mphesa chimene chimafuna pamaso pa malo oyenera, kulimapo ena, mosalekeza kasinthasintha ndi otsika ndende nkhono mphotho mbewu zambiri ndi kukula mofulumira. Mogwirizana ndi kupereka chithandizo chokwanira ndi kutetezedwa depredation cochlea n'kothandiza kumaliza zonse mkombero moyo mu pompo-pompo, amene ayenera kutsogolera kwa mkulu khalidwe lawo.