Nekrasov, "Railway": Analysis An. "Railway" Nekrasov mutu, lingaliro la ndakatuloyi

Kumayambiriro 1842, Nicholas I inakhazikitsa lamulo kuyamba kumanga ya sitima yoyamba Russia. Iye amayenera kulumikiza Moscow ndi St. Petersburg. ntchito zonse zimene zinayambitsa Chief Executive njira P. A. Kleynmihel, panthawi umboni. Kale mu 1852, msewu wakhala anapezerapo.

Russian ndakatulo Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich anadzipereka kwa chochitika chimodzi cha ndakatulo zofunika kwambiri lathu boma. Ndizo basi chidwi kunadetsa anakopeka si zabwino zambiri, kuti anapatsa msewu kuchepetsa nthawi kuyenda kwa mlungu umodzi kuti tsiku, koma mfundo, kodi mtengo ilo Russia.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Ndakatulo "Railway" Nekrasov linalembedwa mu 1864 ndi lofalitsidwa mu "Contemporary" magazini. Ndi nthawi njanji pakati Moscow ndi St. Petersburg dzina lake Nikolaev ndi P. A. Kleynmihel, kusiyana ndi nkhanza zosaneneka kwa atumiki ndi kusasiya mphamvu, ndiye amachotsedwa pa nchitozi ndi Alexander II.

Komabe, vuto limene aukitsa wolemba ntchito, mu zaka 60 za m'ma XIX ndi apakhungu kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, izo zinachitika yomanga njanji mu mbali zina za dziko. Zikhalidwe za ntchito ndi kukonzanso ntchito nawo alimi ankasiyana pang'ono kuchokera amene anafotokozedwa Nekrasov.

Pamene ntchito pa ndakatuloyi, wolemba ndakatulo anaphunzira angapo zikalata journalistic, kuphatikizapo nkhani N. Dobrolyubov ndi V. Sleptsova wa nkhanza kulamulira atumiki, lofalitsidwa mu zaka 1860-61 chimene chimafika nthawi malire mankhwala. Labambo chomwecho Kleinmichel kunadetsa anayenera mbiri kufunika kwa mutu wa kufufuza. Koma ngakhale izi si chifukwa chopangitsa zochepera damning, kuti zimatithandiza kumvetsa kusanthula mozama. "Kwanjanji" Nekrasov m'nthawi ambiri amaona chidzudzulo molimba mtima wogwila pansi Alexander II malamulo.

The zikuchokera ndakatuloyi

Mankhwala tichipeza chaputala 4, mgwirizano wa zithunzi za owerenga (m'nyimbo), mkulu ndi mwana wake Vanya anagwira limodzi mu sitima Moscow Petersburg. Ndinakumana udindo epigraph zinakonzedwa mawonekedwe a mawu a bambo ndi mwana. Kuti ndi yankho ku funso ambiri a mwana amene anamanga njanji imeneyi inachititsa kuti owerenga kanthu nkhani zawo. Akuwuka kunja awiri ndipo maziko ndakatulo ndi (pansipa ndi dongosolo) "Railway".

Nekrasov akulankhula ntchito yake ana mofanana Vanya. Mu maganizo a ndakatulo iyi, iwo adzachita kudziwa kuti owawa, koma mbiri chenicheni cha dziko lawo, monga iwo ndi tsogolo la Russia.

Chapter 1. Yophukira Malo

Chiyambi cha ndakatuloyi "Railway" Nekrasov zinapatsira ndi lingaliro kusangalala ndi yosangalala. Izi zikutipatsa kamvekedwe ali mzere woyamba: "Nice Kugwa" Pakuti woyambitsa wa zithunzi za chilengedwe, zikuthwanima zenera la galimoto, kutchula onse wokondedwa Lazaro (dzina la kalekale itapita kale m'mbuyomu, amapuma azikondana), wapadera ndi osangalatsa. Apa, chirichonse chiri chokongola ndi ogwirizana, ngakhale akulowa munda wa Poona "Kochi", "bogs Moss ndi stumps mtengo." Kunja kwa dongosolo okwana ndi mawu amodzi okha chionekera, zomwe zimachititsa owerenga ambiri ochenjera: "palibe kuyaluka chilengedwe ...". Involuntarily funso lakuti: "Choncho ali kumeneko?"

Chapter 2. omanga sitima ya

Kenako Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich akubwerera owerenga kuti epigraph, ndipo afunsa, "Papa" si mu "chithumwa" (pano - cholakwa) kuti mwana wake ndi kumuuza choonadi zowawa za chilengedwe cha msewu. Kumayambiriro a zokambiranazo pa owerenga limati "ntchito izi ... palibe wina pa phewa," kotero sanathe Kleinmichel kuchititsa yomanga. Mphamvu kulamulira ngakhale Russian Mfumu anali mfumu imodzi yokha - Hunger. Zinali iye amene nthawi zonse kusankha tsoka la anthu ambirimbiri. Monga momwe ufulu mawu izi owerenga, kuthandiza kumvetsa chithunzi zotsatirazi penti ndi mlembi ndi kusanthula awo.

"Kwanjanji" Nekrasov akupitiriza nkhani ya mmene mavuto ambiri zowawa anali yotchuka kwambiri kumanga misewu. Poti choyamba, zomwe zimachititsa wolemba - njira zabwino zimenezi zinamangidwa pa mafupa a Russian. "Ndi angati a iwo?" - ndi mawu akuti losafuna, funso Pankhaniyi limasonyeza ndi manambala. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi atagona pansi phokoso la mawilo Van akaona chithunzi choopsa. Mpaka posachedwapa, monga kukongola agonjera ku malongosoledwe a kuthamanga pambuyo ophimba kwa akufa - msewu omanga. Bata ndi mtendere osweka kulira spades, kukukuta mano, kulira, kulira ndi mokweza nyimbo za kuvutika nawo. Ambiri m'malo mwa mkate ndi ndalama anapindula chiri manda, chifukwa ntchito zonse zinachitikadi pa maola masana ku kasupe oyambirira kugwa mochedwa ndi zina yozizira. Koma chikondwerero wodzazidwa ndi mawu akufa (wolemba amalankhula m'malo mwawo, zomwe zina akaganizira yonena akuonetsedwa): "Ljubo ife kuona ntchito zake." Ndi ichi "wolemekezeka chizolowezi ..." - ntchito - ndi kukopa chidwi cha mnyamata owerenga.

Kufotokozera Chibelarusi

Kuyambira akuthamanga kuseri kwa sitima ya mwinji wa anthu amaima chithunzi mazira a workaholic a. Iye safuna kusuntha, koma "dzimbiri fosholo achisanu pansi nyundo."

Kuti limvetse mokwanila zotsatira za ntchito mwachisawawa ndi zinthu woipa mtima amoyo kulola nkhani ya thupi lake ndi maonekedwe komanso kusanthula awo ( "Railway" Nekrasov - kwambiri zimathandizadi ntchito, kusonyeza onse unvarnished). Wagwa zikope ndi milomo yopanda magazi yokutidwa ndi zilonda chochepera manja ndi miyendo kutupa ( "kosatha madzi"), "pachifuwa yamoyu" ndi humped kumbuyo ... wolemba limanena ngakhale mphasa mu tsitsi lake - chizindikiro cha kusowa ukhondo nthawi zonse nthenda yopweteka kwambiri. Ndipo wonyong'onya, pagalimoto automatism kuyenda. Apa izo achotsa kusiyana munthu wakufa ndi moyo koma wodwala kwambiri, mmene imamveka Chibelarusi Nikolai Nekrasov. The njanji chifukwa ena utakhala gwero la ulemerero, kwa ena - manda. Iwo m'manda zikwi za anthu osadziwika omwe anazunzidwa.

Chotero lingaliro la chisangalalo chifukwa cha kukongola kwa chilengedwe mu chaputala 1, m'malo mwa kufotokoza masuku pamutu mwankhanza mwamuna.

Chapter 3. Ntchito ya anthu mu mbiriyakale

Sitima wenzulo, ngati kulira kwa tambala, kumatha ankaoneka masomphenya weniweni (kumbukirani mbali ya ballad, amene bwinobwino amagwiritsa mu ndakatulo "Railway" Nekrasov). Ganizo la owerenga wa chintchito chachikulu zichitidwe ndi anthu, ndi nkhani ya maloto chodabwitsa Vani chifukwa kuseka ambiri. Kwa iye, anthu wamba zosaposa oledzera, akunjawo ndi owononga. Mu ulaliki wake wa kuzizwa oyenera yekha ndiAmene woona wa kukongola, ndipo ayenera ouziridwa anthu aluso. Esthete pa mtima, posachedwapa aona ntchito yabwino luso mu Rome ndi Vienna, ndi kunyoza wamkulu wa munthu wosaphunzira, ziribe kanthu chimene, mu maganizo ake, si waluso. Kuphatikizapo ntchito yomanga njanji lapansi. Mu mkanganowu, zilembo zimaonekera leni m'ma m'ma nkhondo pakati materialists ndi aesthetes kuti zothandiza zothandiza (ie, mphika dongo ..) Kapena kukongola - fano la Apollo (Pushkin, "wolemba ndakatulo ndi khamu").

Atate amakhulupirira kuti nkhani ngati poyamba zoipa mtima wa mwanayo ndipo akupempha kuona "yowala mbali" wa yomanga. Ndakatulo "Railway" Nekrasov anamaliza nkhani zimene anthu analandira mphoto chifukwa cha ntchito yake.

Chapter 4, "The Bright Mbali" nyumba

Ndipo njanji ali gone, akufa m'manda, odwala - mu dugouts kunama. Ndi nthawi kulandira mphotho chifukwa cha khama lawo. akapitawo onse masamu ntchito: "Kaya kutenga kusamba, ngati wodwala atagona." Chifukwa, aliyense kalaliki ayenera kukhala. Against maziko awa, mawu nditaona wa meadowsweet, adagulung'undisa ndi cask vinyo: "... arrears ndipereka!" Maganizo wozingwa imandikumbutsa mutu wotsiriza wa kuwunika kwake. "Kwanjanji" Nekrasov - ndi mankhwala osati kwa ungwazi ntchito za anthu Russian, komanso mfundo zake wokakamiza, amene siikuwonongeka. M'mabvuto, wopemphapempha, munthu anazolowera kuti kumvera ndi kuyenda "Kupchinov kufuula" Hurray! "," Tikupita kuthamangira ...

Chifanizo cha ndakatulo m'nyimbo "Railway"

Nekrasov, kumuchepetsa ndi ukapolo wa anthu umene mutu anali wa mkulu, adadziwa monga nzika, lingaliro la udindo kwa tsoka la dziko lakwawo.

M'nyimbo ngwazi poyera limati malo ake ndi kulemekeza chakuti amakhala phunziro la fano. Pozindikira oponderezedwa ndi kugonjera zoona, chibadidwe wamba Russian, anachita chidwi ndi mphamvu zake za maganizo, wolimba mtima, khama ndiponso zosaneneka pantchito. Choncho, sasiya ndikuyembekeza kuti nthawi idzafika pamene ulemu anthu ponseponse ndipo manyazi ndi misa adzatha kuima pa mfundo zake.

ubwenzi Contemporary kuti ndakatulo ndi

Yatsopano ntchito Nekrasov wachititsa lonse ayankhe anthu. Osati mwangozi chimodzi mwa censors ndi kuti "miseche yoopsa, amene sakhoza kuŵerenga wopanda kunjenjemera a." A "Contemporary" magazini, inafalitsidwa koyamba lemba, anachenjeza za kutseka.

Plekhanov anakumbukira kuzolowerana ndi ndakatulo m'chaka chomaliza cha sukulu nkhondo. Malinga ndi umboni wake, woyamba wa chilakolako chake ndi comrades wake chinali chinthu chimodzi kutenga mfuti ndi kupita ku "nkhondo ya anthu Russian."