Muyeso wa magazi - masitepe aligorivimu. kuthamanga wolumikizira

Kudziwa ntchito za mtima, mitsempha ya magazi ndi impso ndi kofunika kuyeza magazi. The aligorivimu kanthu kwa tanthauzo ayenera kukwaniritsa kuti manambala molondola kwambiri. Kuyambira zochiritsira amadziwa kuti yake chizindikiritso cha kuthamanga kwathandiza ambiri odwala kukhala olumala ndi chakupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri.

History zipangizo kuyeza

kuthamanga anali woyamba amayezedwa nyama Hales mu 1728 Kuti tichite zimenezi, iye anayambitsa kapu chubu mwachindunji mu mtsempha wamagazi a kavalo. Pambuyo Poiseuille anawonjezera kuti kapu chubu ndi Mercury manometer lonse, ndipo kenako Ludwig anatulukira kymograph ndi zimatengedwa, zomwe zathandiza kulemba mosalekeza kuthamanga kwa magazi. apparatuses izi zili ndi gauges kupsyinjika ndi zamagetsi. Direct njira ya kuyeza magazi kudzera mwa catheterization ziwiya kuigwiritsa ntchito pa kafukufuku Laboratories matenda.

Kodi magazi?

contractions rhythmic mtima komanso magawo awiri: systole ndi diastole. Woyamba gawo - systole - chidule cha minofu mtima, imene mtima mapampu magazi mu msempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga. Diastole - nthawi imene cavities mtima kukuza mudzaze ndi magazi. Pamenepo pakubwera systole ndi diastole m'tsogolo. Mwazi wa ziwiya kwakukulu msempha ndi mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga apatsira njira zing'onozing'ono - arterioles ndi capillaries, zawachitikira ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi mpweya ndi kusonkhanitsa mpweya. Capillaries pochitika mu venules, ndiye - mu mitsempha ang'ono ndi ziwiya zazikulu, ndipo potsiriza - mu mitsempha kuti ali oyenera mtima.

Kuthamanga m'zotengera magazi ndi mtima

Pamene ejection magazi mtima zipinda kuthamanga ndi 140-150 mamilimita Hg. Art. The msempha yafupika 130-140 mamilimita Hg. Art. Ndipo patsogolo pa mtima, m'munsi kuthamanga mu venules ziri 10-20 mamilimita Hg. Art, ndipo magazi mu misempha lalikulu -. Pansipa mumlengalenga.

Pamene magazi umayenda kuchokera pansi pa mtima, adzionere yoweyula wolembedwa, amene pang'onopang'ono amaziralira kutali ngati inu patsogolo kudzera ziwiya zonse. kafalitsidwe ake liwiro zimadalira kuthamanga magazi ndi elasticity kapena elasticity makoma mtima.

Msinkhu, kuthamanga kwa magazi ukuwonjezeka. Anthu ochokera zaka 16 mpaka 50, ndi 110-130 mamilimita Hg. Article, ndipo patapita zaka 60 -. 140 mamilimita Hg. Art. ndi pamwamba.

Njira kuyeza magazi

Pali njira yolunjika (olanda) ndi zina. Mu njira woyamba, chotengera ndi catheter transducer ndi magazi chimaonekera. Aligorivimu mapazi a phunziroli ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta ikuchitika zokha za ndondomeko ulamuliro chizindikiro.

njira tikupanga

BP muyeso njira kungakhale njira zina mwa njira zingapo: palpatory, auscultatory ndi ostsilometricheskim. Yoyamba njira kumaphatikizapo psinjika pang'onopang'ono komanso zosangalatsa za miyendo mu mitsempha ndi mtima wa psinjika chala zimachitika pansipa malo ake. Rivva-Rocci m'zaka 19 mochedwa, anandiuza ntchito 4-5 masentimita khafu ndi Mercury manometer lonse. Komabe, chotero khafu yopapatiza anakokomeza deta choona, adapempha kuonjezera kuti masentimita 12 m'lifupi. Ndipo tsopano nthawi ya njira magazi muyeso zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito khafu imeneyi.

Anzanu mmenemo amawapopa poti adzionere ndi kutsazikana ndi pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa. Systolic kuthamanga - izi ndi nthawi pamene pali pulsation, diastolic - pamene zimachitika ali attenuated, kapena kwambiri inapita patsogolo.

Mu 1905, NS Korotkov akufuna njira ya kuyeza magazi ndi auscultation. A chipangizo lililonse kuona magazi pa Korotkoff - tonometer. Amakhala khafu, ndi Mercury lonse. Mpweya khafu ndi mpweya ndi blower, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kumasula mpweya kudzera vavu wapadera.

Izi ndi muyezo auscultatory njira kuyeza magazi kwa zaka zoposa 50, koma, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi madokotala kawirikawiri kutsatira malangizo ndiponso anatanganidwa luso magazi kayesedwe.

The njira oscillometric ntchito zipangizo makina ndi poluavtomaticheskh mu zofikira matenda akayakaya, chifukwa ntchito zipangizozi sikutanthauza jekeseni mosalekeza mpweya khafu lapansi. kujambula magazi imagwiridwa pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana kuchepetsa voliyumu mpweya. Muyeso wa magazi n'zotheka ndi zolephera auscultatory ndi ofooka Korotkoff zikumveka. Njira imeneyi ndi zochepa amadalira elasticity makoma chotengera ndi kuchuluka atherosclerosis awo. Oscillometric njira analola kuti akonze zipangizo mtima wa mitsempha yosiyanasiyana ya m'makona chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Timatha kupanga ndondomeko molondola kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa chinthu anthu

Malamulo BP kayesedwe

Gawo 1 - kusankha zipangizo bwino.

Kodi muyenera:

1. apamwamba stethoscope

2. The olondola khafu kukula.

3. barometer kapena aneroid sphygmomanometer makina - chipangizo ndi ntchito buku la adamulamulira.

2 - Konzani mtima: onetsetsani ndi omasuka, kumupatsa Mphindi 5 yopuma. Kwa theka la ola kudziwa magazi ali osavomerezeka fodya ndi kumwa mowa ndi caffeinated. Wodwala ayenera kukhala olungama, kumasula dzanja chapamwamba, zikukhala ndi yabwino opirira (angathe kuikidwa pa tebulo kapena thandizo zina), mapazi akhale pansi. Chotsani zovala owonjezera kuti kakanasokoneza mpweya amawapopa mu khafu kapena magazi kuti dzanja. Inu ndi wodwala sayenera kulankhula pa muyeso. Ngati wodwala mu malo supine, m'pofunika zikukhala mkono chapamwamba pa mlingo mtima.

Gawo 3 - kusankha olondola kukula khafu, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa manja nthawi zambiri zolakwika zimachitika chifukwa zosayenera kusankha ake. Ikani khafu pa dzanja la wodwalayo.

Gawo 4 - Place ndi stethoscope pa dzanja chomwecho, malo amene anaika khafu, anamva dzanja lake pa chigongono, kupeza malo a zimachitika wamphamvu zikumveka, ndipo anapereka stethoscope pa brachial mtsempha wamagazi mu malo awa.

Khwerero 5 - zingakweze ndi khafu: Yambani mpope, pamene kumvetsera mtima. Pamene mafunde zimachitika kutha, mulibe kumva kupyola stethoscope lapansi. Ngati zimachitika si lomveka, m'pofunika zingakweze kuti singano kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira anali pa ziwerengero pamwamba 20 40 mamilimita Hg. v. kuposa kuthamanga ankafuna. Ngati mtengo uwu ndi losadziwika, zingakweze ndi khafu kwa 160 - 180 mamilimita Hg. Art.

Gawo 6 - pang'onopang'ono deflate ndi khafu: deflation akuyamba. Cardiologists amalangiza pang'onopang'ono kutsegula vavu kuti kuumirizidwa ku khafu ndi kuchepa kwa 2 - 3 mamilimita Hg. Art. pa wachiwiri, kapena zambiri mofulumira kuchepa kungayambitse miyezo zolakwika.

Gawo 7 - Mverani vuto systolic magazi - phokoso woyamba mtima. Ndi magazi akuyamba kuyenda mwa mitsempha wodwalayo.

Gawo 8 - kumvera mtima. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene kuthamanga khafu yafupika, phokoso zikawoneka. Izi ndi diastolic, kapena kuchepetsa vuto la kuthamanga.

mitengo cheke

M'pofunika kuti atsimikizire lolondola kanjedza. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuyeza kuthamanga pa manja onse deta avareji. Kuti muone zoipazi kamodzinso zolondola, dikirani mphindi zisanu pakati miyezo. Childs, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi apamwamba m'mawa ndi kutsikira usiku. Nthawi zina manambala magazi si yodalirika chifukwa nkhawa wodwalayo za anthu malaya woyera. Zikatero, muyeso tsiku la magazi. The aligorivimu masitepe momwe - kudziŵa kuthamanga mkati mwa tsiku.

zofooka

Panopa njira auscultatory mu aliyense kuchipatala kapena chipatala BP muyeso ikuchitika. zochita aligorivimu ali kuipa:

• kanjedza m'munsi SBP ndi DBP manambala kuposa analandira ndi ndondomeko olanda;

• chiwopsezo kuti phokoso mu chipinda, osiyana phokoso pamene galimoto;

• Kufunika kukonza malo stethoscope ya;

• listenability zoipa malankhulidwe mwamphamvu otsika;

• zolakwa mu mtima - 7-10 mayunitsi.

Izi magazi muyeso njira si oyenera kuyan'anila njira tsiku lonse. Kuwayang'anira udindo wa odwala zofikira matenda akayakaya sangathe nthawi zonse zingakweze ndi khafu ndi kulenga phokoso. Izi zingathe kusokoneza chikhalidwe ambiri wodwala ndi kumuchititsa nkhawa. Anzanu PTsifry kukhala osadalirika. Pamene wodwala atakomoka ndi kuchuluka zolimbitsa thupi ndi kosatheka kuti aike dzanja lake pa mlingo mtima. Nacho chizindikiro kusokonezedwa angalenge ndi zochita kusalankhula wodwalayo, kotero kompyuta adzakhala kulephera, izo zikanakhala negate muyeso wa magazi, zimachitika.

Choncho bezmanzhetnye njira ntchito Zipatalazo akayakaya, zomwe, ngakhale otsika mu molondola, koma iwo amakhala odalirika, kudya ndi yabwino polojekiti apitirize zoipazi.

Kodi kuyeza magazi odwala Dokotala?

Muyeso wa magazi ana si wosiyana zida kudziwa ake akuluakulu. Only khafu wamkulu si abwino. Pankhaniyi wamanja ndi, m'lifupi amene ayenera kotala atatu mtunda kuchokera chigongono kwa axillary fossa. Panopa, pali lalikulu kusankha zipangizo basi ndi theka-zodziwikiratu kwa kuyeza magazi ana.

manambala yachibadwa kuthamanga zimadalira zaka. Kuwerengetsa kuthamanga systolic a manambala muyenera kuzilingalira m'badwo mwana wa zaka kuchulukitsa ndi 2 ndi kuchuluka 80 diastolic ndi 1/2 - 2/3 ya kanjedza m'mbuyomo.

Apparatuses kuona magazi

Mamita AD amatchedwanso tonometers. Pali makina ndi digito sphygmomanometers. Mawotchi ndi Mercury ndi aneroid. Intaneti - Makinawa ndi theka-zodziwikiratu. The chida yolondola yaitali ndi mankhwala enaake sphygmomanometer kapena sphygmomanometer. Koma digito yabwino kwambiri ndiponso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kuzipatsa ntchito kunyumba.