Mitundu cha kusamuka kwa anthu: gulu, zimayambitsa

Chaka ndi chaka anthu dziko ndi kudzadza kapena amachepetsa chifukwa njira kusamuka. Ataliatali amachitidwa pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, Pakati pa otsogolera wa mavuto a zachuma. njira kusamuka akhoza wachinsinsi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa zimadalira mawonekedwe awo, kukula ndi zifukwa.

Lingaliro la kusamuka. mitundu ya migrations

Kusamuka kwa anthu amatchedwa kusintha okhala, ndipo amayenda mzinda wina ndi mzake, kunja. Mu lingaliro ili akhoza anatembenuka ndi kumasuntha mkati mudzi / mudzi, koma ichi ndi yopapatiza tanthauzo limeneli si ntchito.

Ataliatali monga ndondomeko zaziwerengero kwambiri zimakhudza moyo wa boma. njira kusamuka anapatsidwa udindo waukulu ku mapangidwe kuchuluka kwa anthu dziko. chuma nawonso anakopeka ndi anthu kusamukira ku mayiko ena, ndi mphamvu zimenezi zingakhale zabwino ndi zoipa.

Mitundu cha kusamuka zosiyana. Gulu la kusamuka zimadalira kukula, mawonekedwe, zimapangitsa kusamuka. Mwachitsanzo, khalidwe malire kugawaniza m'mphamvu kunja ndi kusamuka mkati, ndipo malamulo udindo - zamalamulo ndi oletsedwa.

Gawo ndi kusamuka nthawi

Malinga ndi nthawi yogona anthu m'njira mitundu ya kusamuka otsatirawa akhoza kuwasiyanitsa m'mayiko ena:

1. Permanent.

2. Time.

3. kanthawi.

4. Pendulum.

5. Episodic.

Tikuyankhula zokhudza kubweranso kusamuka, pamene munthu ku dziko lina kalekale. Izi choncho chifukwa zimayambitsa osiyana ndipo kawirikawiri limodzi ndi nzika kusintha.

Zosakhalitsa kusamuka angayambe chifukwa tsoka lachibadwa lililonse kapena zangochitika kufunika kwa nthawi kupita anzawo kapena abale awo kwa nthawi yaitali. Mtundu wa kusamuka amakhala ndi nthawi yaitali okhala m'mayiko ena, koma pa mapeto a nthawi yoikidwiratu munthu abwelela kunyumba.

Nyengo kusamuka bwino zimayamba ndi kusowa kwa ntchito nthawi yokolola, nsomba yogwira. Izi zikuphatikizapo ulendo ku malo opatulika, ndi nomadism mu yabwino kwambiri nthawi imeneyi. Kawirikawiri pa kusamuka izi zimatengera pa nyengo.

Nthawi zina anthu kuwoloka malire tsiku mogwirizana ndi ulendo magawo maphunziro kapena ntchito. Izi ndi zotheka m'madera malire, ndipo si zachilendo kwa chiwerengero cha zigawo. Izi kuntchito.

Episodic kusamuka angatchedwe lachibadwa, chifukwa iwo sikukutanthauza chifukwa ndi nthawi mafelemu iliyonse. Kungakhale wamba alendo ulendo kapena malonda ulendo.

Ataliatali malingana malire anawolokera

njira kusamuka zikhoza kupangidwa pakati pa mayiko ndipo mkati boma. Pankhani ankawoloka malire, amasulidwe maganizo kwawo komanso alendo. Kwawo kuchoka m'dziko lawo ndi osamuka M'malo mwake, kubwera. The chiŵerengero cha magawo awiri a osamukawo mwina kollosalnyh bwanji kuchuluka kwa zigawo munthu ndi boma lonse wonse.

Ataliatali m'dzikoli yodziwika ndi kusintha kwa malo okhala kapena yosamutsa kwina. Kodi izi mitundu zambiri za migrations: m'mudzi - m'mudzimo, mudzi - mzinda, mzinda - mzinda.

Akamanena za gulu la njira kusamuka

Mitundu ya migrations ndi makonzedwe. Systematics molungama zifukwa zambiri, zomwe zimakhala zofunika ndi zonyozeka. A udindo wapadera ndi kuimba vuto gulu la kusamuka, mungathe bungwe ndipo kenako kuthetsa zochitika zazikulu mu nthawi iliyonse cha kusamuka.

kusamuka ntchito

njira kusamuka ingayambe ndi zifukwa zachuma, zandale, zachipembedzo kapena nkhondo. Kowonekera kwambiri awa ndi zachuma. Zikuphatikizapo ntchito kusamuka: kufufuza ntchito, ulendo, antchito nthawi inayake.

Labor kusamuka imawakhudza mmene chuma chikuyendera pa dziko. Choncho, ngati pali kuchepa kwa akatswiri mu dziko Kwenikweni, kutinyengerera anthu a m'mayiko ena. Motero, chiwerengero cha akatswiri amenewa kuchuluka kapena utachepa.

Kupanda ndalama zimapangitsa anthu ochokera m'midzi ndi m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono kusamukira ku midzi zambiri otukuka. Kotero pali mizinda - kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha anthu m'mizinda. Komabe, chiwerengero cha ntchito mwina kuchepetsedwa, zomwe mapeto ulova.

Pankhani kusamuka, malamulo ndi oletsedwa akutali kupita kunja. Malamulo kusamuka nthawi zonse zalembedwa, kuti ndi chitsimikizo kwa munthu wogwira ntchito kuthekera pa kukhala m'dziko lachilendo. Komabe, m'zaka zingapo zapitazi kukula mu otaya osamukawo oletsedwa. Izi likuoneka osati chuma cha boma, komanso miyoyo ya anthu eni: nkhani yeniyeni ya kugwa mu ukapolo wa sanali kupereka ndalama ku ntchito, etc.

kusamuka kwa anthu Europe

Anthu kusamukira kusamuka dziko la pofunafuna gwero mwapamwamba mwa zopeza zonse, nyumba omasuka kapena maphunziro. Khalidwe la ndondomeko ndi Europe. Komabe, kuyambira 2015 pakhala makhalidwe a resettlement misa othawa kwawo ochokera m'mayiko African ndi Asian chifukwa cha nkhondo m'dziko lawo. Osamukawo zikukangalika kufunafuna Europe ndi kudutsa kupyola Greece, pamlingo wocheperapo - mu Spain ndi Italy.

Koopsa ndondomeko imeneyi ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu m'mayiko ambiri, komanso kufala kwa uchigawenga, kuphana, kugwiririra. Zikuchepa chepetse chiwerengero cha ntchito. Ambiri othawa - akazi ndi ana, kuti chithandizo cha ndalama anamasulidwa. Izi ndi zopweteka kwambiri kuti boma bajeti, zomwe zingachititse kuti mavuto.

Kusamuka ku Europe ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa ambiri limati. M'pofunika kupeza njira mwa zinthu zimenezi, mwinamwake pali chiopsezo kuti anthu wamba a m'maiko mu ethnically ndi chuma.

Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kusamuka

Anthu akupeza mwayi kunja ntchito ndi kuphunzira. Ikhoza apamwamba malipiro, ntchito kufufuza zimakopa munthu kudziko lina. Ambiri yapamwamba mayunivesite yachilendo okha kupereka ophunzira mapulogalamu kuwombola, kotero achinyamata amafunitsitsa kuti adzafike.

Mitundu cha kusamuka angakhale osiyana. Choncho, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo okhala kungakhale vuto wosakhazikika pa dziko, monga nkhondo kapena mavuto wina. Komanso osamukawo kusiya dziko lawo chifukwa iwo sali oyenera zinthu nyengo, masoka achilengedwe ndipo ena anomalies achilengedwe.

Izi zinagwira vuto cha kusamuka, zomwe boma aliyense akuyesera kulimbana. Ngati otaya ichi anthu ochokera boma nthawi malipilo ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito, chithandizo. Ngati ulendo uno kuchokera kumudzi, ikuchitika anayesa kukopa akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko ena, malamulo zaziwerengero lolunjika pa zolimbikitsa kukula zachilengedwe a anthu.