Mikhail Kalik wa filimu: mafilimu, mafilimu, moyo waumwini ndi zochititsa chidwi

Kwa anthu omwe anabadwira mu nthawi yotsatila-revolutionary ndi zowonongeka, zinali zovuta kukhala moyo, osakhala okha umunthu wotchuka. Mikhail Kalik, yemwe ndi Myuda ndi mtundu wake, adayendayenda mu gehena kuti akwaniritse udindo wa anthu. Iye anasintha mbiri yonse ya cinema ya Russia, kuupanga kukhala ndakatulo kwambiri. Ponena za moyo wake wovuta tidzakambirana m'nkhani yathu.

Mbiri ya ubwana

Tsopano pafupifupi ana onse amakula, amawatonthoza, safuna chilichonse. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, dziko la Russia linayaka ndi magetsi mazana ambiri, otchedwa "adani a anthu ndi mphamvu zatsopano" anaphedwa ndikudzipha. Mabanja onse amatumizidwa ku maulendo akutali. Mmodzi mwazinthu zoterezi, Mikhail Kalik anabadwa, yemwe mbiri yake inayamba kumsasa wa Arkhangelsk kuti achotsedwe.

Iye anabadwa pa January 29, 1927, pamene zochitika zodziŵika bwino zinali zodzaza kwathunthu. Bambo ake, omwe poyamba ankachita masewera a ana ndi masewera achidole, adatsutsidwa ndi chinachake ndipo anatumiza banja lake lonse kupita ku Arkhangelsk. Mayi wa wotsogolera filimu wamtsogolo adali wochokera ku banja lolemera kwambiri, pomwe adamaliza maphunziro ake ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, adadziwa zinenero zambiri mwangwiro. Koma ndi chidziwitso chonse ichi, mkaziyo adayenera kusinthanitsa zinthu zopanda phindu kuti adye chakudya cha banja lake, ndiye adayesa makina opanga. Iye ndi mtima wake wonse amadana ndi mphamvu yatsopano, yomwe inadana nawo olemera onse mu nthawi ya tsarist ya anthu ndi mbadwa zawo.

Pamene Mose (dzina lenileni la Kalika) adatembenuka chaka, banja linamasulidwa kuchoka ku ukapolo ndikusamukira ku Moscow.

Kukonda mafilimu

Mu 1943, pakati pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu, achinyamata Mikhail Kalik anali muulendo wa Alma-Ata ndipo mwangozi adawona kuti filimuyi inalengedwa. Poyenda kudutsa malo omwe Ivan The Terrible anali kuwombera Ivan Eisenstein, mnyamatayo anamva mawu kuchokera kwa mmodzi wa ochita masewero kuti mayiyo ndi Myuda. Mkaziyo anali wokondwa kuti mwina tsar sanali Myuda.

Kalik ndiye anaganiza za mwayi wophunzira chikhalidwe cha Chirasha, kuti akhale gawo lake. Mu moyo wa mnyamatayo adayambitsa malo onse opanga mafilimu, ndipo adafuna kuwombera mafilimu ake okha.

Nthawi zina zinali zovuta, makamaka kwa Ayuda, koma Mikhail Kalik anafuna kulowa mu VGIK.

Ophunzira kwambiri

Monga Michael Kalik mwiniwakeyo akukumbukira, sizinali zovuta kuti alowe m'kalasiyi kuti akaphunzidwe pa zochitika za Stalinist . Mnyamata wachiyuda nthawi yomweyo adagwa pansi pa kuyang'anitsitsa kwa kayendedwe ka sukuluyi. Anawona momwe mayesero a Stalinist oweruza achiyuda, otchedwa cosmopolitans, adagwira kumangidwa kwa chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda.

Iye adakhalanso "mdani wa anthu" ndipo mu 1951, pakati pa ophunzira ena ambiri, adagwidwa. Amunawa adatsutsidwa ndi "gulu lachigawenga la anti-Soviet," ndi la Kalika mu ntchito ya Zionist. Iye sanatsutsane ndi womaliza, kudziyesa yekha Myuda weniweni.

Pambuyo pake Kalik mu filimu yotchedwa Vinokura inasonyeza mmene adatengedwera, akuwombera manja, kumeta ndevu, ngati kuti akupha.

Zomwe zinachitikira msasa wa Stalin

Anyamata omwe adaphunzirapo ku VGIK, adabweretsedwa ku bwalo la milandu la Moscow MGB. Iwo sanali kuyembekezera chifundo, chifukwa maholo awa nthawi zambiri ankabweretsedwa ku khoma, ndi kuwombera. Koma ana, pamilandu yapadera, adasankhidwa "kotala" m'makampu akuluakulu a ku Siberia ndipo anatumizidwa ku Ozerlag, kamodzi kampu zoopsa kwambiri, pafupi ndi Taishet.

Mikhail Kalik, yemwe akutsogolera mtsogolomu, akunena kuti mazana ambiri omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri anamwalira pafupi ndi iye tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo iye, wamng'ono komanso wopanda mphamvu, akhoza kupulumuka. Mkuluyo akukumbukira kuti kuti apulumuke nthawi imeneyo anathandizidwa ndi mtima wokhala ndi chiyembekezo. Ngakhale atakhala m'chipinda chokhaokha, chofewa komanso chakuda, sanathe kukhumudwa. Mmodzi wa alonda anamvera chisoni mnyamatayo ndipo anamupatsa bokosi lonse la masewera. Woyang'anira mtsogolo anawotchera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamene nyali zatsala pang'ono, adakonzekera tsogolo.

Atadutsa m'ndende zisanu ndi imodzi ndi gulu lapadera la Lefortovo, anapanga filimu ina "Ndipo mphepo imabwerera" mu 1991, momwemo iye anapereka mphindi zochepa zowona za misasa imeneyi. Chiwembucho chinali chokhulupilika kwambiri, ndipo tsiku lina ojambula mafilimu a ku France anamupempha kuti agulitse filimu yake yochepa kuti agwiritse ntchito izi mmalo mwa chidziwitso chosadziwika.

Michael Kalik, omwe mafilimu ake amakumbukira zinthu zovuta kwambiri, zisokonezo zomwe makampu a ku Siberia adamupangitsa kuti azidziwa bwino monga mkulu, ndipo adayenera kukhala nawo kuti adziŵe zam'tsogolo.

Kalik anabwerera kunyumba kwathunthu mu 1954 ndipo kale mu 1958 anapitiriza kuphunzira kwa wotsogolera.

Mtundu wa Kalika

Mafilimu onse opangidwa ndi wolamulirayu amasiyana ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono. Zomwe Kalik ali nazo ndizojambula, koma aliyense wa iwo amadzazidwa ndi zifukwa zotere zomwe ngakhale muzinthu zamtendere timaziwona ndikumva choonadi. Nyanja, mapiri ndi nyanja, kuwombera ndi Mikhail Naumovich, ndizowonekera bwino.

Mu 1960, mkuluyo adaonetsa filimuyo "Lullaby". Atayang'ana tepi iyi, Furtseva Catherine (Mtumiki wa Chikhalidwe cha nthawi imeneyo) adasangalala kwambiri. Chojambulachi cha mafilimucho chinavomerezedwa ndi Goskino kuti ayang'anire pa Phwando la Mafilimu a Venice, koma sanafike kumeneko, chifukwa panali mavuto mu bureaucracy, ndipo adawonetsedwa mobisa kunja kwa mpikisano.

Mtundu wa Kalik ndi wapadera, mafilimu ake ali ndi chiyanjano cha chilengedwe ndi munthu. Palibe chodabwitsa mwa iwo, ngakhale mbalame zimaimba, ndipo madzi amawombera panthawi yoyenera. Osewera masewerowa amaikidwa kuti ngakhale kutembenuzira mutu sizowopsa. Chirichonse chimaganiziridwa kunja, nthano zonse. Mikhail Kalik sakusangalatsa mafilimu ake. Mwa iwo amasonyeza moyo momwe ukuwonera: imfa ndi chinthu chowopsya, sipangakhale china chokongola kuposa kuseka kwa mwana, monga kuwona mtima kwa misonzi.

Zovuta za womangidwa kale

Iyi inali nthawi yomwe simungathe ngakhale kuganiza mosiyana. Chirichonse chatsopano ndi chosadziwika chinali chowopsya ku USSR yonse. Mikhail Kalik, omwe mafilimu ake amawonedwa kangapo ngakhale a Chekists asanatulukidwe, adakambirana mwamphamvu. Iwo ankatsutsidwa, nthawi zina amatchedwa anti-Soviet, omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lachinsinsi, chifukwa iwo anachotsedwa ndi munthu amene kale anali wamndende ndi "mdani wa anthu", koma palibe "adani a anthu"!

Poteteza ward yake, mmodzi wa alangizi a Kalik, Sergey Yutkevich , analankhula . Iye adati mu mafilimu a katswiri wamkulu palibe cholakwika. Mikhail Naumovich, yemwe anangowombera mwangozi, adakonzedwanso kwathunthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iye ndi wosalakwa, ndi woweruzidwa ndi kulakwitsa kwakukulu!

Kalik Mikhail Naumovich: Mafilimu

Mayi Kalik, akuchokera kumisasa yachiwawa, adakwanitsa maphunziro a VGIK, adzalandira maphunziro, akugwira ntchito monga wotsogolera, ndikupanga mafilimu angapo:

• "Ataman Codr";
• "Achinyamata a Abambo Athu";
• "Lullaby";
• "Munthu amatsata dzuwa"
• "Tsitsikani, anyamata";
• "Kukonda";
• "Mtengo";
• "Zitatu ndi imodzi";
• Ndipo mphepo imabwerera.

Ndiponso, Mikhail Naumovich mwiniwake anali wolemba mafilimu angapo.

Tsopano woyang'anira uyu ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi. Iye amakhala mu Israeli, ndipo nthawi zonse amasangalala kulankhula ndi anthu za moyo wake, za cinema. Iye sadataya umunthu m'zaka zovuta zonse za moyo wake, koma adakonda anthu komanso chirengedwe. Iye sanaphwanyidwe ndi ndende zovuta, ndipo akadali munthu wokhulupirira kwambiri!