Matenda owopsa: tanthauzo, zitsanzo. Matenda owopsya kwambiri

Monga mukudziwira, padziko lapansi muli milioni ya matenda. Matenda ambiri amapezeka m'madera onse. Komabe, pali gulu losiyana - izi ndi matenda oopsa. Matenda oterewa sapezeka paliponse, koma pa malo enaake. Malingana ndi kufalikira, pali mapeto, mapulaneti ndi miliri.

Ku matenda omwewo amanyamula ndi matenda oopsa, atengedwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Zina mwa izo: mliri, kolera, malaria. Monga matenda opatsirana onse, matendawa adayamba kudera linalake, kenako adafalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatchedwa matenda opatsirana. Kawirikawiri, zovuta za m'deralo sizidutsa malire a chigawo chawo chokhazikika.

Matenda owopsa: lingaliro

Mafupa ophimba dera lina amatchedwa wodwalayo. Mwazirombozi zimatanthawuza kuti gwero la vuto liri nthawizonse m'chilengedwe. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amachititsa mavuto ndi madzi, dothi kapena mpweya m'derali. Kawirikawiri matenda othera matendawa amapezeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhala m'madera ena (nyengo, India). Matenda opweteka kwambiri omwe adagwedezeka m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ndi kale, adayambanso kugwirizana ndi mavuto a m'deralo. Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi mankhwala, iwo sapezeka mu dziko lamakono.

Zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana

Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za matenda odwala matendawa ndizowopsa ndi matenda a parasitic. Onyamula mankhwalawa ndi makoswe kapena tizilombo. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha matenda ndi kusowa kwa zinthu kapena mavitamini. Kulephera kwa mankhwala monga ayodini, calcium, mavitamini C ndi D, kumayambitsa matenda ofanana m'thupi mwa anthu omwe amakhala kumadera ena. Komanso, micronutrients yambiri (mwachitsanzo, fluorine) ingabweretse ku matenda.

Njira ya chitukuko cha mapeto

Matenda aliwonse omwe ali nawo ali ndi pathogenesis yake yeniyeni ndi chithunzi chachipatala. Choyamba, zimadalira chifukwa cha matendawa. Matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya, tizilombo ta tizilombo timalowa m'magazi a munthu ndikuchulukanso m'matumbo a thupi. Pambuyo pake, wodwala amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri odwala matendawa ndi tizilombo (udzudzu, mbozi) ndi makoswe. M'madera ena, matenda opatsirana amayanjanitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhala m'madzi. Amalowa mkati mwa thupi la munthu ndikuchulukitsa pamenepo. Nthaŵi zambiri, chithunzi cha kliniki chimayamba pamene nyongolotsi zimalowa m'magazi.

Ngati vuto lalikulu ndilo kusowa kwa mavitamini oyenera komanso kufufuza zinthu, matendawa ndi osiyana. Chifukwa chakuti thupi silinalandire chinthu china, njira zowonjezera zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo zogonjetsedwa ndizophatikizidwa, ndipo ntchito yawo imasokonezeka. Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matenda onse chimadalira mtundu umene umakhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa chinthu kapena vitamini.

Kugwirizana pakati pa matenda opatsirana ndi matenda opatsirana

Matenda owopsa amagwirizana kwambiri ndi malo omwe amafalitsa. Kulephera kapena kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'derali kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha matendawa m'dera lino. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo zolakwira zotsatirazi: goiter, fluorosis, Tso, scurvy, etc. Kufala kwakukulu kwa matenda kumabweretsa chitukuko cha miliri ndi miliri. Kawirikawiri izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku matenda a tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya.

Motero, kunali kufalikira kwa mliri, kolera, malungo. Popeza matendawa amatengedwa ndi makoswe ndi tizilombo, iwo ali ndi kachilombo ka makontinenti onse. Matenda omwe amadziwika ku Africa ndi chigawo cha Congo-Crimea, Ebola, HIV. Olemba ena amanena kuti kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumayambitsa matenda aakulu.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri: mliri, kolera

Kwa kumapeto kwa mapeto kwambiri ndikofunikira kunyamula matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe atenga miyoyo miyandamiyanda. Mliri wa mliri umatenga malo apadera. Matendawa anaphimba makontinenti ambiri. Kufalitsa kufalikira kwa mliri kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusamuka kwa makoswe, omwe ndi malo okhala ndi matenda. Katemera akhoza kuchitika m'njira zingapo. Kawirikawiri izi ndi njira yopatsirana (kupyolera mu ntchentche). Komanso, causative wothandizira akhoza kulowa thupi ndi chakudya komanso kudzera mpweya wofiira (ndi mapulaneti mawonekedwe a matenda). Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri pakali pano, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti ogwira mliriwo, monga kale, ndi makoswe. Mosiyana ndi anthu, makoswe angadwale kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati ali ndi matenda aakulu, amawopsa.

Matenda ena omwe ali mliri ndi kolera. Monga mliliwu, unatengera miyanda miyanda ya anthu ndikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Wothandizira matendawa ndi cholera vibrio. Njira yopatsira matendawa imakhala madzi kapena chakudya. Matendawa amapezekabe m'madera osauka.

Kuchepetsa chithandizo cha matenda oopsa

Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa zimasiyana. Pokhala ndi kusowa kwa zinthu zofufuzira, dongosolo linalake nthawi zambiri limavutika. Zitsanzo ndi goiter, matenda a msinkhu. Poyamba, pali kusowa kwa ayodini m'thupi. Izi zimayambitsa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mahomoni. Zotsatira zake ndi kuchedwa kwa kukula kwa maganizo ndi thupi. Matenda ammimba amapezeka m'madera omwe ali ndi calcium yochepa m'madzi akumwa. Izi zikupezeka ku Transbaikalia, China ndi Korea. Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matendawa chimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa machitidwe osteoarticular.

Mavitamini ochulukirapo angathenso kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana. Chitsanzo ndi fluorosis. Ndili ndi matendawa, pali kuwonjezereka kwa fluoride muzitsulo za dzino, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi mdima wakuda.

Matenda owopsa ndi owopsa kwambiri. Iwo amadziwika ndi kuledzera ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi lonse. Mliriwu ukuyenda ndi maonekedwe a zilonda zam'madzi pa khungu kapena kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Cholera imapangitsa kuti thupi lizipita patsogolo.

Kuzindikira matenda opatsirana

Kuzindikira matenda omwe ali nawo nthawi zambiri sikungakhale kovuta. Popeza kuchuluka kwa matenda kuli kwakukulu, zizindikiro zimagwirizanitsa ndi kusowa kapena kupitirira mankhwala enaake. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunikira kufufuza nthaka, madzi ndi mpweya m'deralo. Ngati ndi matenda opatsirana, ndikofunikira kupeza gwero lake. Pa matenda alionse, ndi osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ogwira nthendayi - utitiri, chimfine cha Congo-Crimea - nthata. Popeza matenda ambiri ndi ovuta, ndizofunikira kupeza malo ogwiritsira ntchito matenda. Kawirikawiri izi ndi makoswe, mbewa, ziweto.

Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amatenga kafukufuku wanyama (nyansi, mkodzo, saliva), komanso chakudya chomwe wodwalayo anagwiritsa ntchito. Kusanthula kachipatala ka magazi ndi nyansi zofiira kumachitika.

Njira zolimbana ndi matenda oopsa

Kulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana kumafuna ntchito ya madokotala, komanso odwala matenda opatsirana. Pamalo a kachilomboka, malo ozungulira malo amayamba nthawi yomweyo. Odwala onse ayenera kupita kuchipatala kuchipatala chopatsirana.

Anthu amene alumikizana ndi odwala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndikusiya malo okhaokhakhaokha. Izi ndi zofunika kuti pasapezeke kufalikira kwa matendawa. Pamalo a kachilomboka, zakuthupi zimatengedwa pofuna kufufuza za matenda. Mankhwalawa amachitika , kuphatikizapo kutsuka chipinda ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutsekemera, kutchapa zovala. Malo osungirako anthu ozungulira malowa sayenera kupezeka kwa anthu wathanzi. Kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amagwira ntchito yapadera (chotsutsana ndi suli).

Kupewa matenda opatsirana

Matenda owopsa amafunika kupewa nthawi yake. M'malo opanda kusowa zinthu ndi mavitamini, zinthu zofunikira zimayikidwa ku chakudya (mchere wodetsedwa), madzi. Kuzindikira kwa ana obadwa (kwa phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism) kumachitika. Ngati chiwerengero cha matenda omwe akuwoneka kuti ali ndi matendawa, mavitamini ndi mavitamini omwe akusowekapo. Komanso, matenda ena amafuna boma lapadera (likuyenda padzuwa), kusintha kwa nyengo nyengo.