Magwero a malamulo adziko lonse chitetezo. Dongosolo gulu chitetezo

dongosolo malamulo a chitetezo lapadziko lonse lapansi makampani ubale zamakono m'mayiko awiriwa. Pansipa iwo amatanthauza malamulo ndi mfundo amene amayendetsa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko. Zolinga ndi losavuta, lomveka bwino ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu - kupewa nkhondo ndi yazamalamulo mikangano m'dera ndi zisadzachitikenso wa padziko lonse nkhondoyo.

Circle lolamulira asapita

ufulu chitetezo mayiko ndi mitundu zotsatirazi ubale:

• Mogwirizana pofuna kupewa nkhondo ndi nkhondo. Izi imakhudzanso pokambiranapo mayiko a "kuzirala" a magulu otsutsana.
• Mwanjira zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachitidwe lonse chitetezo losonkhanitsidwa.
• Ubwenzi kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana zida.

mfundo

dongosolo la mgwirizano wa mayiko monga dongosolo osiyana malamulo malamulo ake kuti:

• Mfundo ya kukhala ofanana. Zimatanthauza boma monga phunziro la malamulo adziko lonse ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi maiko ena. The nkhani yotchuka ya Pulezidenti V. V. Putina la Russia mu msonkhano chitetezo mayiko ku Munich mu 2006, zimenezo zimasonyeza pa nkhani imeneyi. Pamenepo pulezidenti wa ku Russia anati poyera kuti mfundo imeneyi nthawi zambiri chosemphana ndi United States of America. dziko lino unilaterally si ndi mayiko ena paokha. Kodi kuswa mapangano zonse zilipo ndipo ufulu wa magulu kuchitapo kanthu pa nkhondo ndi ofooka pankhondo States. Pamaso pa onse tinazindikira kuphwanya mfundo za kufanana, koma palibe amene poyera ananena chomwecho. Mu iwoweni, boma monga phunziro la malamulo adziko lonse lapansi alibe ufulu wofanana ndi zambiri anayamba chuma ndi nkhondo mayiko. Zida zofunikira kugwiritsa mfundo imeneyi. dongosolo imayenera a mgwirizano wa mayiko Only adzateteza m'mayiko amenewa ndi kuteteza zinthu zisaipe.
• Mfundo za inadmissibility kuvulaza State wina. Ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha dziko ndi mayiko angathandizidwe ndi ladziko nkhani akulimbana ya malamulo adziko lonse lapansi. Palibe boma kugwiritsa ntchito asilikali mnzake popanda chilolezo ndi chiyanjo cha anthu padziko lonse.

Magwero a chilamulo chitetezo padziko lonse

Tikungotchula chokha chachikulu, chifukwa ambiri a iwo mu dziko. pangano lililonse amgwirizano pakati limati m'dera n'kugwera pansi maganizo "gwero la malamulo adziko lonse chitetezo". Koma chachikulu ndi zolemba izi:

• The United Nations hayala. The United Nations wasankhidwa analenga pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World pofuna kupewa mikangano ndi kuthetsa kusemphana zonse za mgwirizano wa mayiko (mtendere) amatanthauza. Ichinso akhoza zimachitika kwa Maonekedwe a Assembly General UN. Mwachitsanzo, "Pa si ntchito mphamvu mu mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi lamulo la ntchito zida za nyukiliya" ndi ena.
• mapangano International, amene salembedwa m'magulu angapo: akugwira nyukiliya manja mpikisano ndi kuletsa mayesero pa malo aliwonse; Kuchepetsa kumanga-a mitundu iliyonse ya zida; Chilengedwe ndi kufalitsa mitundu ina ya zida; chindiletsa mwangozi akutulukira nkhondo.
• Machitidwe a mayiko mabungwe dera ndi asilikali ndale blocs (Edo, NATO, OSCE, CIS).

Inefficient chitetezo padziko lonse

Zotsatira za kulephera kwa mapangano gulu - nkhondo. Mwalamulo, iwo ndi tanthauzo a.

Nkhondo - yatikhudza limati wodzilamulira mu zomwe mphamvu kumachitika therebetween (zowononga) kanthu. Pankhaniyi kugwirizana zamtendere ndi pangano oyambirira zimafika.

Mayendedwe malamulo a nkhondo

Iye angakhoze kokha kutenga malo pakati pa mayiko pawokha, kuti anazindikira. Iwo ayenera kukhala ndi udindo ulamuliro: kudziwa malangizo mfundo zoweta ndi achilendo. Tidziwanso kuti nkhondo yolimbana yosadziwika, uchigawenga, komanso mabungwe ena ndi magulu amene alibe udindo wa nkhani osiyana malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, nkhondo si.

Mitundu nkhondo ku mawonedwe a malamulo adziko lonse

Mwalamulo m'magulu awiri:

• Ovomerezeka. Kuti ndi wovomerezeka. zithandiza chimangooneka mu dziko amakono a Bungwe la UN Security, wopangidwa mwa oimira madera osiyanasiyana. Russia monga wolowa mlandu wa USSR ndi membala kalekale, ndipo mwina zoika "veto" pa nkhani iliyonse.
• Wosaloleka. Osayenerera ndi Bungwe la UN Security, choncho zoletsedwa mu mawu a mfundo lonse, amene anapanga kuchokera dongosolo gulu chitetezo

Monga ulamuliro, boma kuti unkatchedwa nkhondo unsanctioned, amadziwa wankhanza. dziko otere basi ankaona kuopseza anthu padziko lonse. Atatero, kuletsa zamtendere, chuma ndi zina kugwirizana. Akagwiriridwa State amakhala mlendo kwa ndale za dziko. Nkhani zina za malamulo adziko lonse asiye kugwirizana naye komanso musalekane pa ziletso zosiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zina zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, Iraq wachita mokwiya ndi Kuwait. Kapena Iran adakana pa chisankho Council Security UN kulola akatswiri padziko lonse mphamvu nyukiliya pa malire awo. Komanso, Korea North, limene mpaka pano mwalamulo kuyambira 1950 mu mkhalidwe nkhondo ndi Korea South, ndi zina zotero. D. Koma pakhala nthawi pamene nkhondo inali wosaloleka Council Security UN ndi mayiko akagwiriridwa anali alibiretu mavuto. M'malo mwake, ngakhale phindu zachuma ku zimenezi. Zitsanzo ikukhudzana ku United States, amene anapanga kuukira Iraq ndi kusamvana pa UN. Israel, amene inapha kumenya nkhondo ndi Libya. Izo basi limanena kuti dongosolo gulu chitetezo ndi opanda ungwiro. M'dziko pali mfundo miyezo iwiri, pamene ntchito ya wina ndi kanthu chomwecho nkhani zosiyanasiyana za malamulo adziko lonse anali zosiyana. Ichi ndi chimene chimapanga kuphwanya mfundo za kufanana mu dongosolo la chitetezo chofanana, imbaenda ku escalation nkhondo, kulankhula udindo wa mphamvu.

"Chitukuko" Pomenya nkhondo

Nkhondo ndi chikhalidwe chake chiri choyipa ndi zosayenela. Ndi wangwiro munthu amene sanayambe wandiwonapo iye. Koma ngakhale nkhanza za nkhondo, anthu anagwirizana kuchititsa ake "chitukuko" njira, pokhapokha ovomerezeka misa kupha angatchedwe. Njirazi anali woyamba ku Hague Convention mu 1907. Akatswiri kale chithunzi kukaphedwa misa za nkhondo dziko chosemphana ndi mfundo zonse za malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

malamulo atsopano a nkhondo

Malinga ndi Hague Convention pakhala kusintha kwakukulu mu njira malamulo a nkhondo:

• Kuvomerezedwa lotseguka, zamtendere atchedwe nkhondo ndi mtendere pakati pa mayiko.
• Khalidwe la Nkhondo yekha "analola" zida. Ndi chitukuko cha umisiri kugwa pansi lamulo maofesi zonse zatsopano ndi atsopano. Lero, ndi nyukiliya wa hydrogen, bacteriological, zida za mankhwala akupha, mabomba limodzi, ndi zipolopolo zachiwawa ndi malo amene anathawira yokoka, ndi zida zina kuti kuvutika choipitsitsa ndi chachikulu chiwonongeko cha anthu wamba.
• Mawu oyamba a mkaidi odetsedwa nkhondo.
• Kuteteza parliamentarians, madokotala, omasulira, maloya, ndi akatswiri ena amene sayenera pansi kuopseza chiwonongeko.