Lermontov mwachidule. Ntchito ya M. Yu. Lermontova

Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo otchuka Russian, "Mneneri" wa zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, amene amakhala zaka twente-seveni ... Koma mu nthawi yochepa anatha kuuza mavesi onse kuti m'kati mu moyo wake.

M'nkhaniyi tiona zinthu Lermontov. Mwachidule kukhudza pa periodization la wolemba, komanso kulankhula zolinga zofunika za ntchito zake.

M. Yu. Lermontov

N'zovuta kulankhula za ntchito ya Lermontov mwachidule. chimphona, pamodzi ndi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

Nthawi zambiri ana Lermontov anagwa kwa mmasate za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. imeneyi ya Russian Ufumu, pamene anadza siteji ya maganizo komanso nkhawa anthu. Akadzagonjetsedwa kugalukira ndi Decembrists ' kunali kofunika kupeza mayankho latsopano la funso zaka zakubadwa:' Kodi ine ndichita "

Mu mabuku, kukuchititsa zimenezi umaonekera kulimbitsa zimathandizadi zolinga chiyanjo unacceptability zochitika. Komabe, anapita njira zina Mihail Yurevich Lermontov (chithunzi cha kudzikonda kwake zithunzi pansipa).

Choncho, mpaka mapeto a moyo wake anali wokhulupirika kwa romanticism, koma iye sakanakhoza mwaluso kuphatikiza ndi Kuzindikira ndakatulo wake, masewero ndi prose.

Kenako tikambirana Mmasiku awiri a ntchito ya munthu wamkulu uyu. Koma kupyolera mu zochitika zonse za mzere wofiira adzatenga atsale ndi chapamwamba, kulimbana, abwino Byron wa ufulu.

unyamata zilandiridwenso

Ofufuza ndi otsutsa zolembalemba anawagawa Mmasiku awiri a zilandiridwenso Lermontov. Mwachidule kulankhula, izi mapangidwe lyric siteji, umene unatha ku 1828 kuti 1836, ndi kukhwima. The malire pakati pawo imfa ya Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina ndi mankhwala a "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi."

Choncho, pofuna Woyamba kufotokoza maganizo mnyamata mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo a zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Panthawi imeneyi, banja lake kunabuka "nkhondo" pakati pa bambo, yemwe anaona talente imodzi ya mwana wake ndiponso kumuthandiza, ndi agogo ake, kuyesera kupanga namwino mwana okha.

The ndakatulo yoyamba lodzala ndi kusimidwa, boyish, amunamuna zolinga amavutika. Pamafunikanso ndondomeko ya "Chiwanda" ndi "Soliloquy", kenako formalized mu "Duma".

Kuwonjezera pa mavuto patsogolo banja, maganizo a ndakatulo wamng'ono kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Decembrists ndi oponderezedwa m'mlengalenga ofala anthu a.

M'nthawi ya m'nyimbo mnyamata yodziwa mabuku Western, makamaka ntchito za Byron adatengedwa. Choncho, ndakatulo Lermontov amabadwa zithunzi za ngwazi chikondi ndi moyo wosakhazikika. Iwo ali paokha, njala ufulu, nadzanyoza chilengedwe ndi mkhalidwe kulimbana kosatha ndi iwo.

siteji okhwima

Zinthu zinasintha amakhala imfa ya Pushkin. chochitika kwambiri amasintha ntchito Lermontov. Mwachidule, mukhoza kunena mawu amodzi - kudzutsidwa.

Tsopano Mikhail kudziwa ntchito yawo monga mneneri ndi ndakatulo. Kuwotcha mitima ya anthu mneni. Onetsani anthu mwaimvetsa ofala mu gawo lonse la Russian Ufumu.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Lermontov masamba Caucasus ndi kuchoka Mfumu ndiponso "ankatumikira". Free ndi wopanduka a ndakatulo iyi amatsutsa zinthu ofala. zinamuchitikira, amaika mu ndakatulo "Mtumiki", "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi", "Borodino", "Mama" ndipo ena onse.

Inali pa mapeto a moyo wabadwa "yapachiweniweni singaimitse ntchitoyi" Lermontov. Photos ya ndakatulo mu Caucasus limasonyeza ukali wake, kusungulumwa chimasonyeza maganizo kwambiri ndipo analandira utumiki.

Mpaka imfa yake, wolemba ndakatulo akufotokozera mfundo za ndale komanso a Pushkin, Belinsky, Chaadaev. Mu ntchito nthawi yake okhwima zikutipatsa mafunso za tsogolo la m'badwo, tsoka la chikondi, kuyesera kupanga ganizo la malo a ndakatulo mu mbiri ya anthu.

The motif ya nkhondo

Monga tidanena kale, ndakatulo ya Lermontov bwinobwino lodzala ndi amajambulapo maluwa okongola chikondi, maganizo ndi zithunzi. chikoka Ambuye Byron pa mnyamata anapulumuka moyo.

Ndakatulo woyamba kwambiri M. Yu. Lermontova zinapatsira ndi ungwazi, kusowa halftones, akudwala zolakwa za dziko lenileni ndi zolinga molakwikatu ndakatulo a.

Makamaka zonse za maganizo ndi kuona achinyamata wadutsa mu ntchito zitatu - "ogwidwa Knight", "The Mkaidi" ndi "kupalasa".

Iwo chogwidwa malo ndi zithunzi wophiphiritsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu "kupalasa" Ife tikuwona kuwonetsera zochitika mkati mwa moyo wa ndakatulo amene amayesetsa kusonyeza ntchito chotengera pang'ono anataya m'nyanja.

Ndakatulo "The Mkaidi 'ndiposo osangokhala kumbuyo mipiringidzo Lermontov chifukwa oukira" Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi. " Pamlingo waukulu uwu ndi mnyamata kuganizira za malo ake mu Russian Ufumu mu ulamuliro wa alipo.

Izi lathu apitirira mu "ogwidwa Knight". Zinalembedwanso pomaliza anatsata duel Barant. Mu ntchito yake ife tikuziwona pang'onopang'ono kudzifutukula anthu nkhondo ndi munthu.

Motero, ndime amenewo kusafuna Lermontov kupereka opanikizika chimango anthu ndiponso ikuluikulu.

Tsoka la mibadwo

Malinga m'nthawi, ndakatulo Lermontov akufotokoza zolinga kuya kwa anzeru, chimene ambiri amaopa n'komwe.

Waukulu mankhwala, amene kwathunthu chinamulowerera ndi motif nkhawa ndi chisokonezo chilichonse anthu ndi mantha, ndi Zotengera, ndi elegy "Duma". polemba chinenero wake momwemo akufanana ndakatulo "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi." Koma, mosiyana ndi koyamba, kuwasindikiza anzeru onse, osati bwalo otchuka.

Mikhail mizere mu ndakatuloyi ndi mlandu m'nthawi wamantha ndi kuthawa kulimbana ndale tsogolo labwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo amawaitana ku makhalidwe komanso mwauzimu watsopano. malingaliro Lermontov a kwathunthu alipo Ryleeva maganizo kuti "nzika."

The ofufuza za nthawi, Herzen ndi Belinsky, bwino analandira ndi maonekedwe a ntchito. Anangoona mawu ofunika zifukwa kumverera kwa mphwayi ndi mphwayi anavuta anthu mu mmasate za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

kukhumudwa

Ngati ndakatulo zina zambiri M. Yu. Lermontova, zokhudzana ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo, ntchito, "Mu mphindi ya zovuta ..." "Ine ndikupita yekha panjira ..." ndipo "Ndipo kutopa wachisoni" zinapatsira ndi bata ndi chisoni.

Ndakatulo ndatopa nkhondo wosatha analikodi m'nthawi yake, amene safuna kumva mawu ake, kudzuka ku tulo wakupha. Mafunde ache ndi yogwira chikhalidwe cha mnyamata pang'onopang'ono zikukhazikitsa m'matangadza anthu achinyengo ndi mantha.

Aliyense mzere wa ndakatuloyi pamwamba anapereka kufuna zichoke khola, amene Lermontov anakhulupirira moyo wake. Iye, monga mu zaka zoyambilira achinyamata, akali chododometsa, ngakhale anabadwa kwathunthu mu nthawi yake.

Ngati ndakatulo zina zambiri Lermontov a ndakatulo imeneyi amagwirizana mitunda ndi maganizo lamkati la wolemba. Mu atatu ntchito yoyamba ija, tikuona chisoni wachikhalire ndiponso kusungulumwa munthu amene anaika moyo pa izo kukamuukitsa m'badwo, koma anapita zodabwitsa.

Ichi ndi mkulu luso

ndakatulo Lermontov osati kokha kusonyeza mtima patsogolo kwa zochitika za mmasate lapansi. Master akhoza kufotokoza maganizo anga kuya chabe angapo mawu. mzere aliyense angathe kukhala odzala pyakubisika.

Ngati inu muyesera kuti tisanthule ziwiri za ntchito zake ( "Mtumiki" ndi "The ndakatulo"), tidzaona ululu wosatha umene anamva Mikhail. Woyamba linalembedwa masabata angapo asanamwalire namatetule wa. Iwo akunena munthu twente-seveni wa wopambana mu mawonekedwe a onse mneneri anasiya ndi osamvetsedwa. Anthu anakakamizika kukhala moyo m'chipululu ndiponso kupirira kunyozedwa ndi umbuli Afilisti.

The ntchito yachiwiri amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha poyerekeza zidzasintha. Mmenemo wolemba akuyerekeza ntchito kwambiri ndi ndakatulo ndi chofunikira kuli nkhondowo Chigawenga yokha. Poyamba, pamene ine ndinali mu kusowa, iye anang'amba makalata ndipo anakwaniritsa cholinga chake. Pambuyo - iye basi chopanda kanthu golide chidole pa alumali kusonkhanitsa fumbi.

malo yapachiweniweni

Kenako ntchito M. Yu. Lermontova yaitali lofotokoza maganizo realist zimene zinachitika m'deralo, osati zotsutsana ndi khamu kupanduka.

Choncho n'zoonekeratu kwambiri imaonetsa mmene wolemba ndakatulo pachiweniweni ndakatulo monga "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia", "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi" ndi "kangati atazunguliridwa ndi khamu motley ...".

Mu tikuona anazunzidwa kuwawa ndi mkwiyo pa wachabechabe wauzimu wa anthu. Makamaka amphamvu ndi mankhwala otsiriza pamwambapa. Iwo Lermontov limasonyeza stale achilungamo Mfumu ndi retinue kumbuyo kwake masks ndi, anawayerekezera ndi maloto a m'mudzi m'mawa ubwana. ndakatulo imeneyi inalembedwa mutapita kwa Chaka Chatsopano zikondwerero ku St. Petersburg m'nyengo yozizira 1840.

Anathawa ndi anaphedwa Caucasus mapiri pa maziko a ngwazi ya moyo wake waufupi ndi chipwirikiti izo zikusonyeza stagnation m'nthawi. otsutsa Kenako kuti anadandaula za kuchuluka mabuku atayika. Lermontov nacho kwa zaka twente-seveni kubzala mbewu mu moyo wa kuwukira anthu, kukatola ku maondo ake atagonjetsedwa wa Decembrists.

ndimakukondani

Ntchito ya M. Yu. Lermontova osati amasonyeza kulimba kwa payekha wonyada ndi anthu, mafunde nyanja kapena masquerade khamu. Mu ena a mabuku ake takumana ndi zokumana chikondi. Komabe, pali wasiya tanthauzo lopitirira la Kiyama ndi matsoka kuti anali ndi ndakatulo.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife tikuyidziwa magawo ndi mfundo zikuluzikulu zili ntchito ya chachikulu Russian ndakatulo.

Zabwino zonse kwa inu, okondedwa!