Kuzindikira n'chiyani, ndipo amene ali realist?

Nzeru za anthu, pali chiwerengero chachikulu kayendedwe osiyana ndi ntchito. Onse a iwo anasankha kuti mawu ena. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaona kuti kukhala mmodzi wa ambiri kachitidwe view a dziko, akuitana chokha pessimist, ndi optimist, ndi realist. mawu zimenezi maganizo a munthu makamaka, kapena gulu lonse. Ndipo ngati optimists ndi pessimists onse zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino, ndiye amene ali realist?

Kuzindikira monga malangizo a nzeru

Choncho amene ali realist? Choyamba, tiyenera kumvetsa zimenezi nthanthi mawuwa amanena za munthu amene postulates kuli mudzagwiritse popanda kudalira zenizeni. Pali mwambi umene ukufotokoza akamanena mawu akuti poyerekezera ndi pamwamba atatu maganizo lalikulu dziko. Aliyense amene amaona galasi theka kanthu - ndi pessimist. Aliyense amene amaona galasi mwatheka - optimist. Realist - amene zili zofunika kwambiri kwa galasi.

tanthauzo atatu akuti

ndi amene realist? Ndi wotsatira wa makamaka nthanthi panopa - Kuzindikira. Pali atatu kumvetsa zotheka kwa iwowa:

1. Kuzindikira kuoneka ngati azimuth imene nzeru akale ankatsutsa conceptualism ndi nominalism.
2. Mawuwa amanena malangizo nzeru zaumunthu ganizo mu nthawi yatsopano, amene amatsutsa chabe. Mtundu uwu wa Kuzindikira (epistemological) za kudziwa cholinga kaya maganizo, zikhulupiriro ndi maganizo nkhani payekha, kukakamira mfundo yakuti zinachitikira kwenikweni angapereke mwayi mwamsanga ndipo mwachindunji kuti timvetse bwino nkhani za dziko loyandikira.
3. nzeru Modern amanditenga Kuzindikira zotsutsana ndi odana ndi Kuzindikira.

zilizonse Kuzindikira

Zilizonse Kuzindikira ndi maganizo amene alinso ndi anthu ambiri ndi kulingalira. Ganizo lakuti kuti sayansi yamakono limafotokoza dziko kwathunthu. ndi amene zilizonse realist? Izi ndi munthu amene amaona magawo okhawo amene amapereka mwa sayansi.

Kuzindikira sayansi

subtype Izi posits pa nkhani yolembedwa za kukhalako kwa ena choonadi cholinga. Onse ziphunzitso sayansi pali cholinga chimodzi chokha - anapeza choonadi ndi sayansi kupita patsogolo. Popeza patsogolo asayansi anavomereza chiphunzitso cha mopanda mangawa woona, ndiye amaona kuti mokwanira kufotokoza zenizeni.

ontological Kuzindikira

Izi subspecies amakhulupirira kuti ziphunzitso sayansi anafotokoza chenicheni sichidalira pa mfundo ongolankhula ndipo poganizira nkhaniyo. Ontological Kuzindikira amayesa kuyankha mafunso ena: "? Kodi akamanena weniweni", "Kodi dzikoli lingakhalepo payekhapayekha amatsata chiyani?"

epistemological Kuzindikira

Kuona zinthu m'njira imeneyi zosonyeza kuti ena ziphunzitso sayansi, omwe anatsimikizira kuti woona, approximations yekha choonadi. ndi realist ndi mfundo epistemological maganizo ndi ndani? Munthu wotereyu mumtima mwake ndi maganizo a dziko kuyesera kupeza yankho ku funso lakuti: kaya pangakhale mwachikulu chidziwitso cha chowonadi ndi dziko?

zamalankhulidwe Kuzindikira

Mtundu uwu wa otchuka view nthanthi zikusonyeza kuti chiphunzitso kutanthauziridwa mu musamagwiritsire abstracts sayansi amasonyeza kokha mabungwe weniweni ndi kufotokoza zenizeni. Ndani realist zamalankhulidwe? Uyu ndi munthu amene amaganiza kuti ziphunzitso zonse za sayansi akuyesa kupereka malongosoledwe wangwiro ndi woona wa chowonadi amene alipo payekhapayekha chinthu, perceiver ake. Choonadi cha nzeru zapamwamba izi - ndi makalata pakati pa chowonadi ndi chinenero cha malongosoledwe ake. Makamaka, njira imeneyi Chili zonse zitatu mitundu ya mmene dziko, kaya ndi realist, pessimist kapena optimist. Kumasiyana okha linanena bungwe komaliza.