Kulankhula makalasi amalimbikitsa ana zaka 3-4: NKHANI anyamula. mwana zaka 3-4

Ana amaphunzira kulankhulana bwino ndi anthu ndi kuyankhula mu chaka choyamba cha moyo, koma si nthawi zonse bwino ndi moyenera akwaniritsa ndi katchulidwe kwa zaka zisanu. Nthawi zambiri sukulu ya mkaka kumene mwana amaphunzira kulankhula mwa ikufanana kwambiri ndi kwambiri kumawonjezera mawu nzeru ndi luntha, kukhala ophunzira unwitting mu ndondomeko zokhudza yogwira kulankhula mwana. Komabe, palibe angatsutse kuti mayendedwe a luso chitukuko ndi nzeru ana a za ogula zamagetsi, kompyuta zipangizo zambiri kupereka mutu kuyamba kwa akulu, koma luso chinenero atsala utsalira. Ndipo ndi zaka zinayi kapena zisanu, mwana zina sangathe osati kutchula phokoso molondola, komanso kupanga lingaliro.

Gwirizanani za madokotala, zamaganizo mwana ndi mawu madokotala, pathologists mawu omwewo: mwana sayenera kuchepetsa mwayi a pakompyuta ndi mwina ngati kuli kotheka m'malo ndi masewera panja, zipangizo kuphunzitsa ndi masewera ophunzitsa: bingo, dominoes, masamu, kujambula, mawerengeredwe, ntchito, ndi zina zotero. d. Tcheru ziperekedwe kwa mwana nthawi zonse, monga momwe zotheka kulimbikitsa mtima kusangalala, chimwemwe, kutamanda lililonse kupambana latsopano mu kutchula bwino ndi mosalekeza kuphunzitsa minofu ya m'kamwa, lilime, milomo komanso pakhosi.

Zimayambitsa matenda kulankhula

Ngati mwana atakuuzani pasanathe zaka makumi awiri mawu osavuta, m'pofunika kulabadira njira kulankhulana chikuchitika mu banja la wamkulu ndi wachinyamata, wamba maganizo maziko a banja, achibale ndi njira za kulera ana.

Ngati maganizo a zamaganizo a maganizo mwanayo ali bwino, kumva ndi nzeru zachibadwa, lolankhula makalasi ana zaka 3-4 adzalungamitsa katchulidwe, ndi kuti mwana kuphunzira kulankhula mofulumira bwino.

Nthawi zina pa zifukwa zingapo ubongo, kapena kuvutika maganizo matenda a mawu lakuti mawonekedwe ena.

Izi zikhoza chifukwa cha umphawi wa mawu cholakwika katchulidwe ka mawu, chisokonezo mu malo kapena permutation wa syllables zingakhale zizindikiro ndi mlingo wa kulankhula.

Mitundu ya kuyan'anila kulankhula chitukuko cha mwana

Kulankhula madokotala kugawanitsa lokhudza kulankhula pa phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia wa kulankhula (pamene kuwameza mavawelo n'komwe zilembo ndi ovuta kapena zofewa, etc.), ndi underdevelopment ambiri wa kulankhula ndi mitundu ina ya chikhalidwe wapakamwa mavuto:

• Alalia.
• Dysgraphia.
• Matendawa.
• Dysarthria.
• Dyslalia.
• Chibwibwi.
• Aphasia.
• Rhinolalia ndi ena mitundu ina, subspecies kuyan'anila.

Kodi kudziwa kulankhula matenda

Kawirikawiri, ana si mofanana anayamba ana aang'ono, kotero kuti m'kagulu aliyense wophwanya pansi zizindikiro kunja wamba matenda ndi zovuta. Pamene mwatcheru aang'ono mawonetseredwe m'banja matenda a makolo ndi ana okulirapo Tingaone.

Yambani lolankhula makalasi ana 3-4 zaka, pamene bwinobwino anapanga mawu ena, ndipo mwachangu amalankhulira mwana kapena kukakamizidwa kufunafuna izyasneniyu zofuna zawo ndi zokhumba wolalata, osati gesticulation. Zamaganizo amanena kuti zaka komanso chifukwa kukula munthu pamodzi ndi mitundu yatsopano ya maganizo ndi abwino a mwanayo zimapangitsa chidwi mayesowo latsopano kulankhula, makamaka kulankhula ndi anzawo. Chifukwa chakuti ana zimaphunzitsa mzake zambiri anafotokoza mu ankasewera ndi masoka mawonekedwe, ndi kusintha mawu ndiponso ankalemekeza, ndi mawu a mwanayo ndi zaka 3-4.

lolankhula mayeso kwa makolo - kuti achitepo kanthu

Mayesero kupereka mawu madokotala, angathe kudziwa mlingo wa kuwonongeka kapena Kuzionetsa palibe kuvutika mwana. Nthawi zambiri ena nthawi zoyenera maphunziro, amanyamula mwana, ndi chidwi m'gulu ntchito ya ntchito ndipo patapita nthawi yochepa nayamba kulankhula bwino ndi olondola. Ngati lokhudza kulankhula koma amadziŵika, makolo ayenera kudziwa kuti amachita mosavuta amenable malangizo, malinga mwana ndi ntchito ikuchitikira osati gulu ndi Defectology kulankhula dokotala, komanso kunyumba.

Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo makalasi lolankhula

M'kupita kwa makalasi maganizo ndi lolankhula ana zaka 3-4 mwana kuphunzira nthawi yomweyo kuchitikira osati m'lingaliro mawu, chifukwa njira zokhudzana kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, ntchito malankhulidwe luso galimoto mu zovuta kuyenera kuchitidwa mu madera osiyana:

• Tiyenera kukhala wamba, luso zabwino za galimoto (kuthandiza pano chosema, kujambula, pakubwezeretsa, pomwe kutero Sikungawathandize psinjika ndi unclamping zala kamera Pat, lacing, mabatani a-akamakonza mabatani);
• ndi ofunika kukhala ndi articulating motility (zonse Zochita kwa minofu ya lilime, milomo, zapakhosi ndi m'kamwa);
• kukonza katchulidwe phokoso, yolondola chiphunzitso cha phokoso kulankhula dokotala;
• kuwukonza zolakwa mawu ndi maphunziro mungoli, kusalala kwa mawu ndi mawu.

Zothandiza lolankhula Zochita

Kufotokozera za makalasi lolankhula ana zaka 3-4 monga kuvomerezedwa articulation Zochita kuthetsa minofu kuphipha ndi kamvekedwe, mphamvu ndi malo amodzi Zochita kwa lilime, milomo, angelo a m'munsi nsagwada minofu, tsaya, olimbitsa chala ndi luso labwino galimoto, nthawi zina reflexology kutikita. Pa maphunziro kukonza ana kuphunzira mfundo okhudza malo, maluso galimoto ndi kukumbukira, zithunzi zithunzi, chidwi, kuganiza ndi zakuthambo. Mukhale ntchito chipangizo, amachita maganizo zaphindu, pang'onopang'ono kubwerera mwakale minofu kamvekedwe.

mbali maganizo a ntchito ndi mwana

makalasi Features lolankhula ndi ana zaka 3-4 wa zaka mukugwirizana ndi chigawo chimodzi maganizo, nthawi zambiri ana ndi lokhudza kulankhula chifukwa chotsutsa anthu amene amalankhula bwino, zovuta kapena kuti pa okha. Ntchito mphunzitsi - zoika mwana chidwi ndi kumupanga iye agonjetse zobetchera zidalengedwa mwa iye poyerekezera ndi mbali yake. The mbali n'zosiyana angagone wotsutsana ndi mkangano, kupanda khalidwe, zokhumba, kukana mgwirizano. Pankhaniyi, magawo munthu analimbikitsa lolankhula ana 3-4 zaka - makamaka mwana yekha mosavuta kutsimikizira ndi chidwi pamene mwana wamkulu amakhala bwenzi ndi mthandizi, kuona khama la zokhumba.

General kakulidwe Zochita

maphunziro thupi, ngakhale m'gulu chifukwa cha Zochita ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula, komabe n'kofunika, olimbitsa akufotokozera zolondola kupuma adzizungulira, amene nawonso, kumathandiza kuti bwino ubongo oxygenation ndipo makope wabwino wa magazi. Kulankhula makalasi amalimbikitsa ana zaka 3-4 nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi chitukuko cha luso chabwino galimoto ndi ndalama ku dzanja mu mawonekedwe a masamu, zithunzi, origami, mlengi, kujambula ndi masewera lakonzedwa kuti muoneke chitukuko cha chikumbumtima. Komanso, kukumbukira imaphunzitsa mikuluwiko mu ndime, ndipo patters pa tisangalale mavesi nkhani. Kumene, maphunziro amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a masewero, mwinamwake mwana akhoza amakaniratu kuchita zokambirana komanso olimbitsa. Ntchito ndikuphunzitsidwa kulankhula ndi makolo - nawo chitukuko cha mwana kayankhulidwe ngati kuli kotheka, chifukwa chophwanya mwamsanga ananena, wamkulu mwayi kuthetsa iwo ndi kuthandiza mwana mwabwino ndi bwino kulankhula, ndipo adzakhala woyenera ndiponso wosangalatsa mnzake.

logopaedic kutikita

makalasi lolankhula ana zaka 3-4 monga mastication masewero olimbitsa-articulatory, wotsanzira ndi articulatory minofu ntchito za milomo ndi masaya, lilime, munda prirotovoy, ngati n'koyenera logopaedic kutikita (tingachipeze powerenga, malo), kuphatikizapo zikwapu akututuma, kusinja motsatizana.