Kodi violin ndi chiyani? Mapangidwe ndi ntchito za violin

Violin ndi chida chomwe chinakhudza kwambiri nyimbo. Ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu akale, kumene kumveka phokoso lokhazika mtima pansi. Zojambulajambula za mtundu wa anthu adawonanso chida ichi chokongola, ngakhale kuti chinkawoneka osati kale kwambiri, koma chinatha kutenga malo ake mu nyimbo zachikhalidwe. The violin ikufaniziridwa ndi mawu a munthu, monga kumveka kwake kuli madzi ndi mitundu. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chikazi chachikazi, chomwe chimapangitsa chida ichi kukhala chamoyo ndi chamoyo. Masiku ano, si aliyense amene angaganize kuti violin ndi yotani. Tiyeni tikonze vutoli.

Mbiri ya maonekedwe a violin

Kuwonekera kwa violin kumachitika chifukwa cha zida zambiri za mafuko, zomwe zilizonse zimakhudza. Zina mwa izo, zimatha kusiyanitsa British krott, bambir Armenian ndi Arabia. Ntchito yomanga violin sikuti yatsopano, anthu ambiri a Kum'mawa akhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida zotero kwazaka mazana ambiri, akuyimba nyimbo zawo mpaka lero. The viola anapeza mawonekedwe ake panopo m'zaka za zana la 16, pamene kupanga kwake kunayambika, mabwana akulu omwe adapanga zipangizo zamakono anayamba kuonekera. Makamaka amisiri ambiriwa anali ku Italy, kumene miyambo yopanga violins imakali moyo.

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800, kusewera violin kunayamba kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amakono. Panthawiyo pankakhala nyimbo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zidalembedwa zolembedweratu kuti zipangizozi zikhale zochepa. Ichi ndi Romanesca pa violin solo, yomwe inalengedwa ndi Biagio Marini ndi Capriccio stravagante, yolembedwa ndi Carlo Farina. M'zaka zotsatira ambuye a violin anayamba kuoneka ngati bowa pambuyo pa mvula. Makamaka pankhani imeneyi, dziko la Italy linadziwika, lomwe linapatsa anthu ambiri oimba ziwawa.

Momwe violin imakhalira

Kumveka kosavuta ndi kozama kwa violin kunali chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera. Ikhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu - mutu, khosi ndi thupi. Zonsezi zimapangitsa chidacho kuti chifalitse mawu ochititsa chidwi omwe abweretsa mbiri ya padziko lonse. Mbali yayikulu ya violin ndi thupi, limene mfundo zonse zimamangirizidwa. Icho chimapangidwa ndi zidutswa ziwiri, zogwirizana ndi zipolopolo. Zojambula zopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni kuti zikwaniritse phokoso loyera komanso lokongola kwambiri. Mbali yam'mwamba imapangidwa ndi spruce, ndipo pamunsi mumagwiritsa ntchito maple, yavor kapena poplar.

Pamene tikusewera violin, sitimayi yapamwamba imayanjananso ndi chida chonse, kupanga phokoso. Kuti zikhale zamoyo ndikulira, zimapangidwa ngati zoonda kwambiri. Pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mbuye wa violin pamwamba pa sitimayo akhoza kukhala mamita awiri okha. Sitima yapansi nthawi zambiri imakhala yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu kuposa pamwamba, ndipo mtengo umene umapangidwirawo umasankhidwa kuti ugwirizane ndi zipolopolo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zidutswa zonse pamodzi.

Zitsamba ndi okondedwa

Zitsamba ndi mbali za violin pakati pa pamwamba ndi pansi pansi. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zofanana ndi mapulaneti apansi. Komanso, nthawi zambiri zigawozi zimagwiritsa ntchito nkhuni kuchokera ku mtengo womwewo, mosankhidwa mosamala ndi kapangidwe ndi kachitidwe. Chojambulachi chimagwira osati glue, komanso pamapangidwe ang'onoang'ono, kuwonjezera mphamvu zake. Amatchedwa clowns ndipo ali mkatikati mwa chinsalu. Mkati mwake muli phokoso lachitsulo, lomwe limatulutsa kuthamanga kwa thupi ndipo limapangitsanso zowonjezereka ku chipinda chapamwamba.

Pa thupi la violin pali zidulidwe ziwiri mu mawonekedwe a kalata yachilatini f, yomwe imatchedwa efami. Pafupi ndi kudulidwa kwabwino ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri - chida. Izi ndizitsulo zazing'ono zamatabwa, zomwe zimagwirana ntchito pakati pa pamwamba ndi pansi ndi kutumiza kuzungulira. Mzimu umachokera ku mawu oti "moyo", omwe amasonyeza kufunika kwa tsatanetsatane. Masters anazindikira kuti malo, kukula kwake ndi zinthu zakuthupi zimakhudza kwambiri chida cha chida. Choncho, wokonza njoka yamakono yekha amatha kupeza malo ang'onoang'ono, koma ofunika kwambiri.

Mzere wamphepete

Nkhani yokhudza violin ndi yomangamanga idzakhala yosakwanira, ngati simunatchule chinthu chofunika ngati chingwe chachingwe, kapena chithunzi chachitsulo. Ankajambulapo nkhuni, koma lero pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndilo chingwe chachingwe chomwe chimapanga zingwe pazitali zakutali. Palinso nthawi zina makina omwe amachititsa kuti chidacho chikhale chosavuta. Asanayambe kuwonekera, violinyo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapepala okhaokha, omwe ndi ovuta kuwunika.

Gwiritsani kagawo kakang'ono pa batani loponyedwa mu dzenje pa thupi kuchokera kumbali yotsutsana ndi khosi. Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho dzenje liyenera kuyandikira batani. Apo ayi, chipolopolocho chingasokoneze, kupangitsa golidi kukhala chopanda pake.

Griffin

Mbali ya kutsogolo kwa mlanduyo imamangiriza khosi la violin, yomwe ili m'manja mwa woimbayo pa masewerawo. Khosi limamangiriridwa kumutu - kumapeto kwa nkhuni zolimba kapena pulasitiki, zomwe zingamangirirepo zingwe. Maonekedwe ake amalingaliridwa kotero kuti zingwe zisasokonezane wina ndi mnzake pamene akusewera. Pankhaniyi, imathandizira kuima, kukweza zingwe pamutu. Pazitsulo timapanga timing'onoting'ono, zomwe mungadzipangire nokha, kuti mukhale okonda, ngati malo atsopano akugulitsidwa popanda nsalu.

Komanso, striae ya zingwe zili pamtunda wapamwamba. Ali kumapeto kwa khosi ndipo amalekanitsa zingwe kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake asanalowe m'bokosi. Lili ndi zikopa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito violin. Iwo amangowonjezeredwa muzenje zamatabwa ndipo sizinakhazikitsidwe. Chifukwa cha izi, woimbayo amatha kusintha ndondomeko ya zikhomo kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zake. Mukhoza kuwapangitsa kukhala olimba ndi osasamala, mopanikizika pang'ono panthawi ya kusintha. Kapena mosiyana, tulutsani zikhomo, kuti zisunthire mosavuta, koma chitani dongosololo likuwonjezereka.

Zida

Kodi violin ndi chiyani popanda zingwe? Mtengo wokongola, koma wopanda pake, umene uli wokonzeka kupangira misomali. Zida ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chida, chifukwa mawu awo amadalira kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi gawo la zinthu zomwe mbali yaying'ono koma yayikulu ya violin imapangidwa. Monga china chirichonse mu dziko lathu lapansi, zida zimakula ndikulandira mphatso zabwino kwambiri za nthawi yeniyeni. Komabe, zakuthupi zawo zoyambirira zimakhala zovuta kuitanira apamwamba kwambiri.

Chodabwitsa chokwanira, koma zowawa za nkhosa ndi zomwe violin yamakale yakale imakhala ndi mawu ake. Zina zouma, zothandizidwa ndi zolimba zokhotakhota kuti zitha kulandira chingwe. Masters anatha kusunga chinsinsi kwa nthawi yaitali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zingwe. Zapangidwe zopangidwa ndi nkhosa za guts zinapatsa phokoso lofewa kwambiri, koma mwamsanga zinatopa ndikusowa kusintha kawirikawiri. Lero mungapezenso zingwe zofanana, koma zipangizo zamakono zimakonda kwambiri.

Zingwe zamakono

Masiku ano, matumbo a nkhosa amatha kuwagulitsa eni ake, chifukwa zingwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Iwo analowetsedwa ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri a zitsulo ndi zopangidwa. Zingwe zamakono zimamveka moyandikana ndi oyambirirawo. Amakhalanso ndi mawu ofatsa komanso ofunda, koma alibe zovuta zomwe "anzawo" achilengedwe ali nazo.

Mtundu wina wa chingwe - chitsulo, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yonse yosakhala yachitsulo ndi yamtengo wapatali, koma kawirikawiri kuchokera ku zigawo zawo. Iwo amawoneka okongola ndi a sonorous, koma iwo amataya mwa kufatsa ndi kuya. Zingwe zoterezi ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito zambiri zamakono, zomwe zimafunika kuyera. Amakhalanso ndi nthawi yaitali ndipo amakhala osatha.

Violin. Njira yayitali

Kwa zaka zambiri zakhalapo violin yadziwika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Cholemekezeka makamaka choda chodabwitsa ndi nyimbo zachikale. The violin ikhoza kuwunikira ntchito iliyonse, oimba ambiri amapereka ntchito yoyendetsera ntchito zawo. Aliyense amadziwa ntchito zosafa za Mozart kapena Vivaldi, pomwe chidwi chachikulu chinaperekedwa kwa chida ichi chokongola kwambiri. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, violin inakhala yochepetsetsa yakale, maere a gulu laling'ono kapena oimba. Phokoso lamagetsi linagwiritsira ntchito chida ichi kuchokera kumamwambo otchuka. Kumveka kumveka phokoso lakumveka, kupereka njira kwa batali amphamvu komanso yakale.

Mauthenga atsopano a violin nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti azitsatira mafilimu, nyimbo zatsopano za chida ichi zinangowonekera mwa ochita masewera okhaokha, koma phokoso lawo linali losasangalatsa. Mwamwayi, m'zaka zaposachedwapa pakhala pali magulu ambiri omwe amachititsa nyimbo zamakono ndi violin. Omvera anali atatopa ndi chikondi chodzikonda-ngati kulira kwa nyenyezi ina, kutsegula mtima wake chifukwa cha nyimbo zakuya.

Chiwewe cha Violin

Nkhani yodabwitsa imayika violin mu nyimbo ya woimba wotchuka - Igor Sarukhanov. Tsiku lina iye analemba nyimbo yomwe adafuna kukatcha "The Scrape of the Wheel." Komabe, ntchitoyi inakhala yosamvetsetseka komanso yosadziwika. Choncho, mlembiyo anaganiza kuti azizitcha mogwirizana ndi mawu, zomwe ziyenera kugogomezera chikhalidwe cha nyimboyi. Mpaka panopa pa nkhondo zoopsa za intaneti zokhudzana ndi dzinali zikuchitika. Koma kodi wolemba nyimboyi, Igor Sarukhanov, akunena chiyani izi? Phokoso la violin ndilo dzina lenileni la nyimbo, monga woimbira amachitira. Irony ndi lingaliro lochititsa chidwi, lomangidwa pa masewera a mawu, wokhayokha yemwe amadziwa bwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kuphunzira kusewera violin?

Ndikutsimikiza kuti anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa chida ichi chodabwitsa, koma amaika lingaliro limeneli, ndipo sadayambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Pazifukwa zina, akukhulupirira kuti kuphunzira kusewera violin ndizovuta kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, ilibe mzere, ndipo ngakhale utawu, womwe uyenera kukhala kupitilira dzanja. Inde, n'zosavuta kuyamba kuphunzira nyimbo kuchokera pagitala kapena piyano, koma kudziŵa luso la kusewera violin kumakhala kovuta poyamba. Koma, pamene luso labwino likudziwika bwino, kuphunzira kumakhala kofanana ndi chida china chilichonse. The violin imakhala ndi khutu labwino, chifukwa ilo liribe ufulu. Izi zidzakhala chithandizo chabwino popitiriza maphunziro mu nyimbo.

Ngati mutadziwa kale kuti violin ndi yani, ndipo mwasankha kudziŵa chida ichi, nkofunika kudziwa kuti ndizosiyana siyana. Kwa ana, osankhidwa ang'onoang'ono amasankhidwa - 3/4 kapena 2/4. Munthu wamkulu amafunika violin yovomerezeka - 4/4. Mwachibadwa, muyenera kuyamba makalasi pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi wophunzitsi wamkulu, popeza ndi kovuta kuphunzira pandekha. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuyesa mwayi wawo pa chitukuko chodziimira pa chida ichi, mabuku ambiri alembedwa apangidwa kuti azisangalala.

Chida chodabwitsa choimbira

Lero munaphunzira kuti violin ndi yotani. Zikuoneka kuti sizinthu zotsalira za m'mbuyomo, zomwe zingatheke kuchita masewero okhaokha. Achiwawa akuyamba kukula, magulu ambiri anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi pantchito yawo. The violin imapezeka m'mabuku ambiri a mabuku, makamaka mabuku a ana. Mwachitsanzo, "Fenina violin" Kuznetsova, wokondedwa ndi ana ambiri ngakhale makolo awo. Wachiwawa woimba nyimbo amatha kusewera mtundu wina woimba, kuchokera ku heavy metal mpaka pop. Zingatetezedwe kuti violin idzakhalapo malinga ngati pali nyimbo.