Irish wolemba, wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina Bekket Semyuel: MBIRI, zimaonetsa mfundo zothandiza ndi chidwi

Irishman Bekket Semyuel ndi mwa opambana Nobel Prize otchedwa zolembalemba zamkhutu. Ankadziwa ntchito yake, amene amagwiritsa mu English ndi French, pomasulira Russian anayamba ndi sewerolo "Kudikira Godot". Zinali iye amene anabweretsa bwino woyamba Beckett (m'nyengo 1952 - 1953 zaka). Pakali pano, ndithu wotchuka Wolemba wina Semyuel Bekket. Ndimasewera zaka osiyana ndi iwo, kuyika m'mabwalo ambiri padziko lonse.

Features wa sewerolo "Kudikira Godot"

The analogue woyamba, umene amayesetsa kumvetsa kuwerenga Beckett - wophiphiritsa zamasewero ku Maeterlinck. Pano, monga Maeterlinck, kumvetsa tanthauzo la zimene zikuchitika zimatheka ngati inu musati muyesere kuyamba ku magulu zochitika zenizeni m'moyo. Only njira kutengerapo m'chilankhulo cha zizindikiro kuyamba kukatenga mu zochitika za "Godot," lingaliro la wolemba. Komabe, malamulo a kusamukira chotero mwawo kotero zosiyanasiyana ndi mdima, zophweka kukatenga mafungulo sizingatheke. Beckett yekha mosapita m'mbali anakana kufotokoza pyakubisika wa tragicomedy.

Monga Beckett imawunikidwa zilandiridwenso

Atamufunsa, Samuel, kukhudza akamanena za ntchito yake, anati zinthu zimene zimachitikadi - ndi umbuli, kusabala. Iye anati amene akuyendayenda m'deralo, kuti ojambula zithunzi kusankha kusiya pambali monga chinachake atakwatirana ndi luso. Pa nthawi ina, Beckett anati sanali nzeru zapamwamba, ndipo samawerenga ntchito akatswiri, chifukwa iwo sakumvetsa chilichonse chimene iwo kulemba. Iye anati ndi chidwi si lingaliro, koma mawonekedwe imene akuonekera. Osati chidwi Beckett ndi kachitidwe. Ntchito chithunzicho, mu maganizo ake, - kupeza mawonekedwe chokwanira chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo chimene ife timachitcha kukhalapo. Ndi vuto la mtundu ndi accented zochita za Swedish Academy.

Origin Beckett

ndi mizu ya maganizo Beckett a zinachititsa kuti maudindo zoopsa zimene? Kodi dziko lamkati la wolemba kulongosola mbiri yake mwachidule? Semyuel Bekket, ziyenera anati, sanali munthu mosavuta. Mfundo ya Moyo wa Samueli ofufuza kuganizira ntchito yake kuunikira kwambiri pa chiyambi cha maganizo a dziko la wolemba.

Anabadwa Semyuel Bekket (Samuel Beckett) mu Dublin, mwana wa olemera ndi achipembedzo Achiprotestanti. Makolo a wolemba, French Huguenots, m'zaka za m'ma 17 anasamukira ku Ireland, kuyembekezera moyo wofewa ndi ufulu wachipembedzo. Koma Samueli kuyambira pachiyambi sanatenge zaka maziko a chipembedzo cha mfundo banja. "Makolo anga - Iye anati - wapatsa chilichonse cha chikhulupiriro chawo."

nthawi ya maphunziro, kuphunzitsa zinthu

Ataphunzira mu sukulu osankhika, ndiyeno chomwecho Jesuit Utatu College ku Dublin, kumene anaphunzirapo Swift, kenako Wilde, Beckett zaka ziwiri chinkhoswe mu chiphunzitso ntchito Belfast, kenako anasamukira ku Paris ndi ntchito monga mphunzitsi ntchitoyi Chingelezi pa apamwamba Normal sukulu ndiyeno pa Sorbonne. Mnyamata kuwerenga zambiri za olemba amalikonda anali Dante ndi Shakespeare, Socrates ndi Descartes. Koma kudziwa sanam'bweretsere bata ndi moyo wosakhazikika. Za zaka zake zoyambirira, iye anati: "sindinkasangalala ndimamva ndi umunthu wanu wonse, kupirira nazo izo.". Beckett anavomereza kuti koposa kuyanjana kwa anthu, mu zosatheka nawo. Ndiyeno nthawi kumaliza matenda Beckett onse ndi palokha ndipo ndi ena.

Zimayambitsa matenda ndi dziko

ndi mizu ya malo intransigent chojambulidwa Semyuel Bekket chiyani? yonena wake si kwambiri limamveketsa mfundo imeneyi. Inu angatanthauze m'mlengalenga odzionetsera mu banja, Akatolika College ku kuchipembedzo kuti: "Ireland - m'dziko la theocrats ndi censors, Sindikanatha kukhala kumeneko." Komabe, mu Paris, wodzala subversives ndi opanduka paluso, Beckett sunapewe kusungulumwa yosalephera. Iye anakomana Paulo Valéry, Ezara mapaundi ndi Richard Aldington, koma palibe matalente izi sanakhale paulamuliro wa Uzimu kwa iye. Anasanduka zolembalemba mlembi James Joyce, Beckett opezeka shefe "abwino abwino" ndipo kenako anauza Joyce kuti anathandiza kumvetsa zomwe cholinga chithunzicho. Komabe, adagawana njira - osati chifukwa cha mavuto a moyo (unrequited chikondi mwana wamkazi Joyce kuti Beckett pakuchita zosatheka zopita ku nyumba Joyce, ndipo iye anapita ku Ireland), komanso luso.

Pambuyo mikangano achabechabe ndi mayi ake, kuyesera kuti kudula okha ku dziko lakunja (kwa masiku iye sanangokhala nyumba pothawa achibale pesky ndi abwenzi mu kuzimiririka jambulani nsalu ofesi), phindu ulendo wa m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya, chithandizo ku chipatala cha maganizo ...

Zolembalemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, mankhwala oyamba

Beckett anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndakatulo "Bludoskop" (1930), pomwepo adawonekeranso nkhani Proust (1931) ndi Joyce (1936), gulu lanyimbo lalifupi ndi buku la ndakatulo. Koma tinalibe bwino, ntchito izi, amene analenga Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (review m'buku lino analinso unflattering) - mankhwala a mnyamatayu kuti London ku Ireland. buku la anakanidwa ndi ofalitsa 42. Only mu 1938, pamene akuvutika, kuzunzika kopanda mapeto chotani, koma amazindikira zosowa zawo Ireland achabechabe ndi ndalama amadalira mayi ake, Bekket Semyuel nthawi anasiya n'kukakhala kachiwiri mu Paris, mmodzi wa ofalitsa ndi "Murphy". Komabe, buku anakumana ndi chipsinjo. Kupambana anabwera mochedwa, sizinayende anatchuka kwambiri Bekket Semyuel, amene mabuku amadziwika ndi okondedwa ndi ambiri. Pamaso Samueli anali kupirira pa nkhondo.

yankhondo

nkhondo akagwire Beckett ku Paris, ndipo mkangowo mwa tokha kudzipatula. Moyo inkayenda ena. Kumangidwa ndi kupha wamba. Kowopsa kwambiri kwa Beckett anali malipoti kuti abwenzi ambiri akale anayamba kugwira ntchito pa okhalamo a. Kwa iye, kusankha chiyani osadzuka. Bekket Semyuel anakhala membala yogwira kukaniza ndi ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri mu magulu mobisa "Star" ndi "Ulemu", pamene anali kudziwika ndi dzina lakuti Irishman. udindo wake m'gulu kudziwa, kumasulira mu English, microfilming. Ife tinali kupita ku madoko komwe magulu German anali anaikira nyanja. Pamene Gestapo anapeza gulu ndi kumangidwa anayamba, Beckett analowa kubisala m'mudzi kum'mwera kwa France. Kenako miyezi ingapo anagwira ntchito yomasulira Red Cross m'chipatala cha asilikali. Nkhondo itatha anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Service mu Nkhondo". Dongosolo la General de Gaulle anati: "Beckett, Sam munthu wolimba kwambiri ... anali kuchita ntchito, ngakhale pangozi."

zaka karate Komabe, sanasinthe maganizo zakuda Beckett, amene adzaona moyo wake ndi zamoyo wa zilandiridwenso. Iye ina ananena kuti dziko palibe ubwenzi kupatula zilandiridwenso lapansi.

Bwino yaitali

Bwino Beckett kubwera pamwamba pa 1950s lapansi. The owonetsera yabwino ku Ulaya anayamba kuika sewero lake "Kudikira Godot". Mu nthawi kuchokera 1951 mpaka 1953, iye anatulutsa prose trilogy. Mbali yoyamba - buku "msikawo", wachiwiri - "Malone afa" ndi wachitatu - "Chizindikiro". trilogy Zimenezi zathandiza wolemba wina wa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka ndi otchuka a m'zaka 20 mawu. Kunena izi, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kulenga njira nzeru ndi prose, kudzachitira ndi nkhope mitundu mwachizolowezi zolembalemba. Zinalembedwa French, ndipo kenaka Beckett anamasulira iwo mu Chingerezi.

Samuel, kutsatira bwino sewero lake "Kudikira Godot", anaganiza kukula Wolemba wina wamwamuna. sewerolo "About kugwa kuti onse," analengedwa mu 1956. Mu 1950s mochedwa - kumayambiriro 1960. panali ntchito zotsatirazi: ". Odala Masiku" "Endgame", "Krapp Yomaliza tepi" ndipo Iwo anaika maziko a zisudzo za chotheka.

Mu 1969, Beckett anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Samuel bwino analekerera ndi chidwi kuchuluka kuti zonse zimathera kutchuka. Iye anavomera kulandira Nobel Prize yekha pa chikhalidwe Iye amachita izo, ndi French wofalitsa Beckett ndi mnzake wakhala nthawi yaitali Jérôme Lindon. chikhalidwe izi zinakwaniritsidwa.

Features ndinu Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - woyambitsa mabuku ambiri ndi masewero. Onsewo kuimira mpheto anthu mu mphamvu ya zochitika ndi zizolowezi, pamaso yambiri ya meaninglessness wa moyo. Mwachidule, absurdity! Chabwino, mulole izo zikhale zoona. Ambiri mwina, ndi malingaliro a mapeto a munthu si zosafunika.

Vutolo linaphulika padziko zamkhutu zolembalemba, poyamba pa zonse, kaya luso amenewa ndi luso ambiri kaya ndi chovomerezeka? Koma tiyeni tikumbukire mawu a Irishman wina, William Yeats, amene ananena kuti anthu afunika zinthu zonse zotheka, kuti palibe kwambiri owawa kuseka, nayenso pachimake Izitu n'zovutitsa chilakolako kwambiri zoopsa ... N'zosavuta kulingalira mmene adzakhala a anthu amene njira ndipo kudzera mwa luso okhwima oletsa. Komabe, amaika ena achisangalalo ku m'maganizo - mbiriyakale, makamaka wathu, amadziwa zitsanzo ngati zimenezi. Mapeto zitsanzo zimenezi chisoni Procrustes: asilikali, komwe ntchito nzeru mosamalitsa okha amene anabadwa mu ofesi ya malamulo, wotaya maso ake ndi makutu, ndi wina ngozi latsopano limagwira wake modzidzimutsa. Kotero mwina koma kuvomereza kumbali ya njira ya mabuku chotheka. Monga kwa katswiri ofunda, ngakhale otsutsa malingaliro a Beckett samakana Luso lake - kumene, mosapatuka njira amawatenga iwo. Koma Genrih Bell Mwachitsanzo, pokambirana ndi anati: "Beckett, ine ndikukhulupirira, aliyense zambiri zosangalatsa kanthu-yonthunthumilitsa".

Mu 1989, ndili ndi zaka 83, anamwalira pa Bekket Semyuel. Ndakatulo ndi prose ake, ine ndikuganiza, kwa zaka zambiri adzakhala zogwirizana.