Glomerulonephritis: gulu. Kutukusira kwa impso. opaleshoni impso

Kutukusira kwa impso, amene amakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa zosefera zida, mu mankhwala otchedwa "glomerulonephritis". kudwala gulu zimadalira magwero a matenda, chifukwa cha mfundo za. Nthawi zambiri za matenda ndi zowonongeka impso glomeruli (glomerulus). Komabe, ndondomeko pathological zikuphatikizapo impso zigawo zina: tubules intercellular minofu. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amawapeza ana osaposa zaka 12. Komabe, sitingathe kukusalani chiopsezo matenda akula.

Zochita za matenda

glomerulonephritis ndi chiyani? Ndi chiwerengero cha matenda zosiyanasiyana yodziwika ndi matenda yotupa impso. Nthawi zambiri iwo amayamba ndi kungasokoneze wa ozama mu thupi la matenda allergens.

Kudwala akuwonetseredwa kugonjetsedwa glomeruli, tubules aimpso, ndi zotengera. Kuyambitsa mwatsatanetsatane, omwe ndi matenda amene ayenera kukhudza thunthu. Glomeruli kuchita mu thupi imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Iwo osasankhidwa ndi poizoni, owonjezera mankhwala madzi kuwola ndi zinthu zina safunidwa.

Glomeruli zili mu thupi la impso ndi. Iwo ndi m'bulu wa capillaries za mtundu kuzungulira. Mu nthawi zambiri lizigwira chamoyo magazi akamayendetsa arterioles afferent. Izo ndiye akulowa glomerulus aimpso. Apa pali kusefera ndi mkodzo aumbike. Onse zinyalala, muli zidzachotsedwa mu tubule mochesborny. Kuyambira iwo kulowa M'mimbamo a impso, ndiyeno - kwa chikhodzodzo. Magazi, mwayeretsa ku zodetsa osafunika ndi efferent arteriole masamba glomerule.

A chithunzi yosiyana zimawonedwa pamene munthu ali ndi glomerulonephritis. kudwala Izi amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka mu aimpso fyuluta patency. Motero, ntchito chofunika ikuchitika osati mu zonse. The mkodzo Mwina mkatikati nyumba yaikulu: mapuloteni, maselo ofiira, maselo oyera. Ndipo zigawo izi ndi zofunika kwa thupi. Kukula kwa matenda kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kuyeretsedwa magazi. Muyeso madzimadzi ndi zoipa zinthu si excreted.

Nthawi zambiri matenda zachokera zochita za chamoyo matenda osiyanasiyana kapena chifuwa. Koma nthawi zina matenda ndi autoimmune. Pankhaniyi, matenda akufotokozera mu impso ndi kuwononga chitetezo chake.

Zimayambitsa matenda

N'chifukwa angayambe glomerulonephritis? Gawo penapake amadalira chifukwa cha matenda.

Zinthu zotsatirazi muli akasupe waukulu glomerulonephritis:

1. Streptococcal matenda. chothandizira Izi ndi matenda ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, impso kuwonongeka chikwiyire ndi mankhwala molakwika zilonda zapakhosi streptococcal. Kuchiza kudwala izi, m'pofunika kumaliza kwathunthu kwa mankhwala zotchulidwa dokotala. Kupha streptococcus njira zina zosatheka. Ngati matendawo si bwino inathetsedwa, ndiye atatha masiku 10-14, mulole tikhale ndi pachimake pambuyo streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Woterowo kudwala thupi lenilenilo akuyamba kuukira maselo a impso.
2. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Lusoli hule kusuta matendawa.
3. Chimfine. Matenda kobvuta kutupa impso.
4. Zokhudza zonse kudwala minofu connective. Abweretsa chitukuko cha glomerulonephritis angagone nyamakazi, zokhudza zonse lupus, polyarteritis periarthritis, vasculitis.
5. Matenda toyambitsa tizilombo matenda. Kudwala angathe kukhala pa maziko a tizilombo matenda a chiwindi B ndi C, chindoko, matenda endocarditis, malungo.
6. matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Ndi glomerulonephritis angachotsedwe amyloidosis shuga, urate nephropathy, gout.
7. Matenda a magazi. ntchito ka chitukuko cha matenda kungathandize lymphoma, angapo myeloma, aakulu khansa.
8. Poizoni zinthu. Kukhala choyambitsa cha chitukuko cha glomerulonephritis mwina vutoli, mankhwala ndi mowa; mmene thupi la mankhwala enaake, kutsogolera solvents, ena ziphe (mwachitsanzo, njuchi njoka). Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a matenda angathe kugona matenda poizoni amphamvu undercooling katemera.

symptomatology matendawa

Nthawi zina kudwala kungakhale asymptomatic. Madokotala amanena kuti pafupifupi theka la odwala amene amapezeka glomerulonephritis, matenda ndi wapezeka kokha kupyolera Kupenda mankhwala. Ndipo odwala okha ali n'komwe za chitukuko mu thupi la matenda akuluakulu opatsirana.

Ngati glomerulonephritis umatipanga lokha anamva, zizindikiro adzakhala motere:

1. Puffiness. Zikuoneka pa nkhope, zikope. Kutupa angayambe m'makona chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. wamkulu misa chifukwa zizindikiro amenewa nthawi zina kumawonjezera kwa masiku 7 pa makilogalamu 25.
2. Oliguria. A kuchepa kapena anasiya mkodzo wodwalayo.
3. Kupuma movutikira. Zizindikiro woteroyo otaya aakulu kungachititse kuti edema m'mapapo mwanga.
4. Hematuria. The mkodzo umakhala utoto. Izi malinga ndi kukhalapo kwa magazi mu izo.
5. Oopsa. Wodwala ukuwawa kulimbikira kuwonjezeka kuthamanga.
6. Kupezeka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo. Iwo amayamba ndi kuchuluka glomeruli bandiwifi pa kusefera magazi.
7. The okwera kutentha.
8. Ululu m'dera lumbar - amgwirizano.
9. Zonse kumverera ludzu.
10. Kusanza, pamaso pa nseru. Kusafuna kudya.

Ndipo tsopano ona zimene ali kumeneko ngati zosiyanasiyana pathologies monga glomerulonephritis.

gulu la matenda

Kudwala agawanika pa malo osiyanasiyana. N'chifukwa chake pali zingapo classifications ake.

Tsono kumbukirani zifukwa pali glomerulonephritis. Gulu la matenda pa kuoneka magwero adzakhala motere:

1. Pulayimale glomerulonephritis. impso amakhudzidwa chifukwa cha zinthu tizilombo.
2. Secondary. matenda akufotokozera ndi maziko a kuvutika alipo mu thupi.

Malinga percolation chikhalidwe cha matenda angakhale:

• lakuthwa - posachedwapa anayambika;
• subacute - kudwala kumatenga masabata kapena miyezi ingapo;
• aakulu - matenda anakokera pa chaka, ndipo nthawizina yaitali.

Malinga ndi mmene kumasulidwa:

• akakufunsani ndondomeko zomwe amanena za dongosolo lonse la fyuluta;
• focal matenda.

mawonekedwe a matenda

Popeza chikhalidwe cha zizindikiro, madokotala m'kagulu matenda motere:

1. Zobisika mawonekedwe. The kudwala kumachitika mwachinsinsi. Wodwalayo zizindikiro za episodic zidzachotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe ndi khalidwe la mtundu subacute.
2. Cyclical. Yodziwika ndi kutukusira pachimake. Wodwalayo matenda. Monga ulamuliro, mukubwera kuchira mwamsanga. Komabe, mawonekedwe kawirikawiri recurs.

mitundu ya kudwala

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda akuti ndi mawonekedwe matenda. Kuukonza wa matenda ikuchitika kutenga nkhani ya symptomatology ofala.

Pamaziko a mbali khalidwe ndi mitundu zotsatirazi glomerulonephritis:

1. Nephrotic. Zimasonyeza kutupa.
2. Hematuric. The ndondomeko yotupa ali pamodzi ndi kusintha symptomatic mu mkodzo. Proteinuria, hematuria pang'ono.
3. Hypertensive. Koopsa. Iwo amakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kulimbikira kuthamanga. Kodi kupanga mavuto chifukwa cha matenda oopsa.
4. Osokonezeka. Mu mawonekedwe nephrotic-hypertensive Kuphatikiza zizindikiro. Kudwala losiyana ndithu madokotala ananena zawo osauka.

Pali gulu lina - zizindikiro morphological:

1. Mogwirizana segmental glomerular kutupa. Pakuti kudwala yodziwika ndi mofulumira capillaries sclerosis aimpso.
2. Mesangioproliferative nephritis. Mawonekedwe ambiri matenda. kudwala The amakhala ndi miyala ya maofesi zimakumana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda enieni chitetezo.
3. Membranous nephropathy. Unakhuthala glomerular capillary makoma akupanga mipukutuyi proteinaceous chionetsedwe.
4. Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Antchito poyera glomeruli minofu akakufunsani sclerosis. Chifukwa, iwo m'malo polumikiza maselo. Kudwala osiyana chowawa sewero.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane mitundu ina.

pachimake view

kudwala izi zikuyamba mwadzidzidzi ndipo ali zambiri symptomatic. Pachimake akakufunsani glomerulonephritis amakhala ndi malungo, gipostenuriey, polturiiey ndi hematuria, pamaso pa ululu kumbuyo. The kudwala kungakhale bakiteriya, mlingo m'thupi kapena tizilombo.

mawonekedwe subacute

Kudwala ali dzina lina - zilonda glomerulonephritis. Iwo amakhala ndi chitukuko mofulumira. Wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana monga mwa mtundu pachimake.

Komabe, zizindikiro zonse za matenda ali kwambiri kutchulidwa:

• kutupa;
• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo;
• mutu;
• pallor;
• kufupika kwa mpweya;
• discoloration ya mkodzo;
• kufooka;
• palpitations;
• kuthamanga.

Matenda anapezeka ndi magazi, mkodzo.

membranous glomerulopathy

Pakuti fomu iyi amakhala ndi akakufunsani thickening wa glomerular capillary Kakhungu. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kudwala kugwirizana ndi matenda. Kodi sitichedwa mitundu matenda a anthu. Ali membranous glomerulonephritis yodziwika ndi chiyambi pang'onopang'ono. Komanso, matenda limodzi ndi matenda nephrotic ndi proteinuria.

kudwala akhoza kumva ndi insufficiency aakulu aimpso, thrombosis venous, chifukwa cha zimenezi zingachititse thromboembolism zotumphukira.

mankhwala a matenda

Pofuna matenda anayesetsa mankhwala mabuku amene Chili:

• mankhwala;
• kutsatira zakudya okhwima (Table № 7a);
• bedi mpumulo (mu maliseche pachimake kapena otaya).

Nthawi zambiri, njira izi amakulolani msanga kudzagwira pachimake maphunziro a matenda. Kenako, wodwalayo amusankha mankhwala kuchepetsa.

Koma nthawi zina matenda amakhala ndi woopsa. Pankhaniyi, hemodialysis wodwala anapatsidwa. Izi ndi kuteteza wodwalayo mavuto aakulu a matenda. chipangizo Special, wotchedwa "yokumba impso", amachita kuyeretsedwa magazi mankhwala akupha, madzimadzi owonjezera ndi electrolytes. Ndi bwino kwa odwala amene ali ndi maziko a zotupa amgwirizano anayamba insufficiency aimpso mu mawonekedwe aakulu.

opaleshoni impso

Matenda glomerulonephritis chingayambitse zotsatira m'malo zosasangalatsa. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi impso kulephera. Ndipo ngati mbali koyamba (mu njira ziwiri ndondomeko) angathandize zida "impso yokumba", ndiye ndondomeko kuthamanga mwamsanga nkhani ya kupatsa kukacha. Yankholo mu Thirani thupi kuwapeza woperekayo.

opaleshoni impso imagwiridwa pokhapokha bwinobwino wodwala. Tikumbukenso kuti kupatsidwa zina ali contraindications ake. Komanso, mavuto angakhalepo ndi masankhidwe a impso mwiniwake.