Dothi Boggy. Nthaka Geography Russia

Asanaphunzire kuti ndi dothi lowe, n'zomveka kuti aganizirenso ichi "nthaka" ambiri. Ambiri yomweyo anapereka kalasi sukulu, mphunzitsi wa mbiri zachilengedwe ndi mawu ake za chipolopolo yaikulu ya Dziko Lapansi - ndi lithosphere. Wosanjikiza chapamwamba ali wapadera khalidwe - chonde. Izi ndi nthaka. Yachonde wosanjikiza chinapangidwa pa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri.

zinthu mapangidwe nthaka

Geography Russia ndi dziko lalikulu, ngati dziko palokha. Makolo thanthwe, nyengo, zomera, zimachititsa chilumbachi - zinthu zonse zimene zimakhudza mapangidwe topsoil. Pa expanses Russian anatambasula ku mapiri a kum'mwera kwa nyanja kumpoto, zinthu izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Motero, ndi nthaka sizili zofanana, akupatsa anthu zokolola. Pa gawo pali zambiri nyengo mabacteria ndi ndalama osiyanasiyana a mvula, kuunikira ndi kutentha zinthu, nyama ndi zomera. Mu Russia, mukhoza amasirira chete woyera wa chisanu ndi mchenga milu, onani nkhalango nayonso ndi nkhalango birch, madambo maluwa ndi zithaphwi.

Pali opangidwa mitunda - anthu ndi kawirikawiri amathandizira chikhalidwe, osiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe ndi khalidwe la topsoil (osati nthawi zonse kuti bwino). Ndipo ndi centimeter umodzi wokha wa kompositi kapena humus (chomwe ndi "strata amoyo") analenga zaka 200-300! Zingati chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa pansi, kotero kuti mibadwo ya m'tsogolo si ndekha ndi zipululu, ndi zithaphwi!

The zosiyanasiyana dothi

Pali zoni nthaka. mapangidwe awo ali mosamalitsa pansi pa chilamulo kusintha zomera, zinyama, ndi zina zotero. E. Pa M'madera a zitunda osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu North kufalitsa dothi kozizira. Iwo ali osauka. Mapangidwe ngakhale ofooka wosanjikiza humus mu Madzi oundana, kumene zomera alipo ndere yekha ndi lichens, n'zosatheka. Mu zone ya subarctic - Titafika pamalo dothi. Recent kuposa kozizira, koma zochepa kuyerekeza ndi podzol zikugwera nayonso ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Ndi kuchepetsa acidity wa mchere ndi organic zina amalola kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu.

Pali nkhalango dothi, dothi lakuda (kwambiri chonde), chipululu. Onsewo - phunziro la sayansi phunziro monga madera a dothi, etc. machitidwe Amenewa kudziwa zinthu powasamalira kwambiri pamaphunziro a dziko unzoned, womwenso bog dothi .. Angapezeke mu zone aliyense nyengo.

Mapangidwe dothi bog

Geography Russian nthaka muli mfundo zimene zigawo takambirana mu m'madambo ndi nkhalango dambo anapanga ndi patsogolo chinyontho mvula (mpweya), madzi pamwamba (nyanja, mitsinje, ndi zina zotero. P.) Kapena aquifers mobisa (magwero pansi). Mwachidule, chithaphwi dothi anapanga ndi madzi kukoma zomera. Bog ndi nkhalango (paini, birch, pali zosiyana kwambiri ndi anzawo nkhalango, iwo ang'ono, "zosamveka"), zitsamba (Heather, rosemary), Moss ndi udzu.

Mapangidwe chithaphwi dothi amathandiza kuti njira ziwiri. Choyamba, ndi peat mapangidwe pamene zatsalira mbewu kudziunjikira padziko monga zowola zoipa. Kachiwiri - gleying pamene okusayidi chitsulo n'kukhala okusayidi pa chiwonongeko amuzolengedwa mchere. Izi si kophweka zachilengedwe ankatchedwa "dambo ndondomekoyi."

Zithaphwi zimachitika ngati ...

Nthawi zambiri dothi lowe anapanga ndi hydrogenic chotchedwa sushi motsatizana. Koma nthawi zina chinyontho ndi patsogolo madzi nayenso ndi mtsinje expanses. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko oterowo wakhala chaka choyamba chikuchitika pa lalikulu Russian mtsinje Volga. Chifukwa cha malo kugwa hydropower ndi madamu, wasefukira pang'onopang'ono, stagnates. Tiyenera kupulumutsidwa miyeso mwamsanga.

Choncho, ngati pachifukwa kapena mitsinje ina ena liwiro yafupika, iwo bii mosatonthozeka. akasupe pansi kuti chakudya, silting. Koma ngakhale "kulira chilengedwe", anthu sindikusamala za iwo. Choncho, pali chiopsezo chachikulu kusintha mitsempha buluu mu Russia ataima bogs.

Zochita za dothi peat

Monga tanena peat ndi aumbike mwa misa wandiweyani osati mwachangu kuvunda zatsalira chithaphwi zomera. Ngakhale pali malo ndondomeko sadzafika. Pamwamba wosanjikiza a dziko lapansi, yokutidwa ndi "Ostankova" madipoziti - ndi peat-bog dothi. ngati iwo ali oyenera ulimi? Izi zidalira pa mbali dera.

Mu zomwe zili peat dothi wandiweyani wosanjikiza organic akhoza theoretically zathu wosanjikiza chapamwamba nthaka. Koma zoipa linakwiriridwa. Yogwira mapangidwe humus angaletsedwe ndi asidi wambiri sing'anga, bioactivity ake ofooka, lomwe limatchedwanso kuti "mpweya wa m'nthaka." Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, popeza ndondomeko mayamwidwe amatchedwa pansi Mpweya wabwino gasi, wobala zamoyo kozama zomwe zili ndi mphamvu matenthedwe. mbiri nthaka bogs ngati achikale. Pali M'maso awiri: peat ndi peat-gley. Gley - nthaka mbiri, amene akakhala kupereka imvi, buluu kapena buluu mtundu. Anthu oti dothi otero safuna amasiyana. Ntchito ali kwenikweni mu ulimi.

Zochita za dothi bog-podzolic

dothi Bog-podzolic akhoza kupanga, kumene bodza achinyontho , nkhalango wosanganiza ndi chivundikiro Moss ndi busa. Kapena pamene pali chonyowa madambo, anapanga pa kudula m'dera ataphimbidwa ndi mitengo. Kodi kusiyanitsa dothi bog-podzolic wa podzolic chiyani? Ndi yosavuta.

The chithaphwi podzols pali zizindikiro mukusowa gley. Kunja, amaoneka ngati dzimbiri-ocher ndi mawanga buluu imvi. Kumeneko ndi milozo, smears, ozama pa M'maso onse a ndani. Pa chitukuko cha m'mayiko bog-podzolic anakhudzidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ya nthaka: chithaphwi ndi podzolic. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaona ngati peat kaja ndipo gley ndi podzolic ndi zigawo illuvial.

Zochita za dothi bog-dambo

dothi Bog-dambo anapanga kumene zigwa masitepe mtsinje, yokutidwa ndi mabango ndi udzu, kuchepetsa. Choncho pali zina pamwamba moistening (madzi kwambiri masiku osachepera 30) ndi imodzi recharge dongo okhazikika pa akuya pafupifupi 1 mpaka 5 m.

aeration zone osakhazikika. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mapangidwe kutumphuka padziko lapansi unali pakati pa pamwamba nthaka ndi padziko tebulo madzi. Nthaka funso, ndi zogwirizana osati kwa madambo athyathyathya ndipo masitepe mtsinje ndi pansi pafupi, komanso kwa nkhalango-steppe. Adalola isanafalikire sedges, zomera ku banja Juncaceae mabango. M'maso majini a dziko kusiyanitsa bwino kwambiri.

dothi Bog-dambo ndi "moyo" mu wosakhazikika boma madzi. Pamene nyengo youma, madambo zomera agonjera ku dambo, ndipo mosemphanitsa. Vuto ndi ili: nthaka mbiri wina, ndi moyo ndi osiyana. Mu chirimwe, pamene mineralization madzi, mchere wa m'madzi m'madera. Ngati madzi pang'ono mineralized, ndiye youma bog sludges anapanga.

Krasnodar dera ndiponso nthaka yake

The dothi la Krasnodar Gawo zosiyanasiyana. Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Asilavo, Temryuk m'madera ndi chinyontho ndi zofiirira, dzimbiri chifukwa chiwerengero cha mitsinje ndi Magombe. Iwo Kuban anthu kukhala mpesa ndi ya mkuyu. Labinsk ndi Mfundo madera podzolic dothi ndi wakuda. mayiko amenewa ndi lachonde kwambiri. Iwo ali oyenera zokolola wachuma wa masamba, mpendadzuwa.

Pa Black Sea gombe la Krasnodar dera la dothi phiri nkhalango. Apa pali zipatso zazikulu ndi mpesa. Pa Azov-Kurgan kumveka wakuda nthaka kulikonse. Osati kanthu wotchedwa dengu la mkate wa Russia Kuban. nthaka yake wolemera humus kuti anthu am'deralo zambiri nthabwala: "Pali kukula ngakhale ndodo munakhala pansi."

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Anazi tsegula dothi lakuda railcars ndi zimagulitsidwa ku Germany, podziwa chimene n'kopindulitsa achilengedwe. Chabwino, osati zigawo zonse chonde inawonongeka ndi nkhanza za anthu. Koma ngakhale pamaso pa nkhokwe yaikulu ya mayiko mphatso, ayenera kugwira ntchito zaulimi mosamala. Kaya ndi nthaka chonse ntchito kapena zosafunika kwa kulima chithaphwi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti alowererepo mopupuluma ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndi ngozi zamoyo zonse.