Chipangizo choyendetsa: dera, miyeso, cholinga

Wojambula voliyumu ya electrodynamic ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatembenuza chizindikiro cha magetsi pamsewu womvetsera kupyolera pamayendedwe a coil okhala ndi maginito a magnet osatha. Ndi zipangizo izi, timakumana tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale mutakhala wotchuka kwambiri wa nyimbo ndipo musagwiritse ntchito theka lamasana pamutu. Oyankhula ali ndi makanema, ma radiyo mumagalimoto komanso ngakhale matelefoni. Njirayi yodabwitsa kwa ife ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo chipangizo chake ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya sayansi.

M'nkhani ino tidzangoyang'anitsitsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Tidzakambirana zomwe zimapanga chipangizochi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Mbiri

Tsikulo linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono polemba mbiri ya electrodynamics. Zokambirana za mtundu wofananazo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920. Telefoni ya Bella inagwira ntchito mofananamo. Linaphatikizapo nembanemba yomwe inkayenda mu magnetic munda wa maginito osatha. Olankhula izi anali ndi zolakwika zazikulu: kusokonezeka kwafupipafupi, kusowa kwa mawu. Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi makanema akale, Oliver Lorgge adalankhula pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zake. Coil wake inasunthira kudutsa mzere wa mphamvu. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, anzake awiri adagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pa msika wogula ndipo ali ndi machitidwe atsopano a electrodynamics, omwe akukhudzidwa mpaka lero.

Wokamba nkhani

Wokamba nkhani ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri ndipo ali ndi zinthu zambiri. Chithunzi chojambula chojambula (onani m'munsimu) chikuwonetseratu mfundo zazikulu, chifukwa chakuti lousipirala amachita bwino.

Chida chogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi chikuphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Kuimitsidwa (kapena pamphepete);
• Kusiyanitsa (kapena nembanemba);
• Cap;
• Coil ya mawu;
• Zovuta;
• Maginito dongosolo;
• Choyimira chovuta;
• Zotsatira zovuta.

Zokambirana zosiyana, zosiyana zapangidwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chipangizo choyambirira cha wokamba nkhani chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi monga chonchi.

Tiyeni tione mbali iliyonse ya chikhalidwecho mwatsatanetsatane.

Kutentha kwazitali

Izi zimatchedwanso "collar". Pulastiki iyi kapena edbering edging, pofotokoza njira ya electrodynamic kudera lonselo. Nthawi zina ngati mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nsalu zachilengedwe ndi zokutirapo, zokometsetsa. Mchitidwe wotsutsana sagawanika molingana ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe anapangidwa, komanso mawonekedwe. Subtype wotchuka kwambiri ndi mbiri ya nusu-toroidal.

Kolalayi imaperekedwa ndi zofunikira zambiri, mwambo umene umasonyeza khalidwe lake lapamwamba. Choyamba chofunika ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri chiwonongekocho chimakhala chochepa. Chofunika chachiwiri ndichoti kuwonongeka kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino ndikupereka mtundu umodzi wokha - kufanana. Chofunika chachitatu ndicho kudalirika. "Collar" iyeneranso kuchitapo kanthu pakusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuvala "zachizolowezi", kusunga mawonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kuti pakhale phokoso labwino pazitsulo zazing'ono, mabotolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso muzithunzithunzi zapamwamba-mapepala opaka.

Kusiyanitsa

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimatulutsa chinthu mu electrodynamics ndizofalitsa. Mavuto opatsirana ndi mtundu wa pistoni, womwe umayenda molunjika ndi kumatsika ndikusunga machitidwe amplitude-frequency response (mobwerezabwereza kuyankha) mu mawonekedwe ofanana. Pamene mafupipafupi amatha kuwonjezereka, kufalitsa kumayamba kugwedezeka. Chifukwa chaichi, pali zotchedwa mafunde omwe amayima, omwe amachititsa zolephereka ndi kuphulika pafupipafupi. Pofuna kuchepetsani zotsatirazi, ojambula amagwiritsa ntchito zotayira zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zochepa. Ngati wokamba nkhaniyo ndi mainchesi khumi ndi awiri, mafupipafupi omwe ali mmenemo adzakhala osiyana mkati mwa 1 kHz pafupipafupi, 3 kHz for medium and 16 kHz zapamwamba.

• Kusiyanitsa kungakhale kolimba. Zapangidwa ndi zitsulo zotchedwa ceramics kapena aluminium. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimapereka mlingo wotsika kwambiri wa phokoso. Mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi zimakhala zodula kuposa momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
• Zosakaniza zofewa zimapangidwa ndi polypropylene. Zitsanzo zoterezi zimapereka phokoso lofewa kwambiri komanso lofewa chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mafunde ndi zinthu zofewa.
• Zosakaniza zosasinthasintha ndizochita zotsutsana. Zapangidwa ndi Kevlar kapena glass glass. Kusokonezeka kumene kumayambitsa zofalitsa zoterezi ndizoposa kuposa zofalitsa zovuta, koma zochepa kuposa zofewa.

Kapu

Chipewacho ndi chida cha zokometsera kapena nsalu, ntchito yaikulu yomwe ili kuteteza okamba kuchokera ku fumbi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kapu imathandiza kwambiri popanga phokoso linalake. Makamaka, pakubereka maulendo apakati. Cholinga chokonzekera cholimba kwambiri, zipewazo zimapangidwa, kuwaponya pang'ono. Monga momwe mwadziwira kale, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi kukwaniritsa mawu ena. M'kati mwake muli nsalu zosiyana siyana, mafilimu, mapulogalamu a cellulose komanso ngakhale maukonde a zitsulo. Wotsirizira, nayenso, amakwaniritsa ntchito ya radiator. Aluminium kapena zitsulo zimachotsa kutentha kwakukulu kuchokera ku coil.

Wasamba

Nthawi zina imatchedwanso "kangaude". Ichi ndi chidutswa cholemera, chomwe chiri pakati pa wokamba nkhaniyo ndi nyumba zake. Ntchito yochapira ndiyo kusungira chidziwitso chokhazikika kwa okamba mafupipafupi. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka ngati pali kutentha kwadzidzidzi m'chipinda. Wotchiyo amawongolera malo a coil komanso mawonekedwe onse a mafoni, komanso amatseka mpweya wotseguka, kuteteza fumbi kuti lisalowemo. Opanga zovala zamakono ndizozungulira kuzungulira. Zosankha zamakono zamakono zikuwoneka zosiyana kwambiri. Okonzanso ena amasintha mwachangu mawonekedwe a zowonongeka kuti apititse patsogolo mzere wa maulendo ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a washer. Kupanga kumeneku kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wa wokamba nkhani. Zisamba zimapangidwa ndi nayiloni, calico kapena mkuwa. Njira yotsirizayi, monga momwe zilili ndi kapu, imagwira ntchito ya mini radiator.

Kujambula kwa mawu ndi maginito

Kotero ife tinafika ku element, yomwe, makamaka, ili ndi udindo wa kubwezeretsa kwa phokoso. Mphamvu ya maginito ili pamphuno yaing'ono ya maginito dera ndipo, pamodzi ndi coil, amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi. Mphamvu yamaginito ndiyo dongosolo la maginito mu mawonekedwe a mphete ndi pachimake. Pakati pawo pa nthawi yobereka bwino, liwu likuwomba. Ntchito yofunika ya opanga ndi kupanga maginito a maginito mu maginito. Pochita izi, opanga oyankhula amalankhulira mosamalitsa mitengoyo ndikukonza maziko ndi nsonga zamkuwa. Pakali pano mu voil ya vola imabwera kudzera kumapeto osinthika a wokamba nkhani - ulusi wamba wamba pamwamba pa ulusi wopangidwa.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito

Ndi chipangizo wokamba nkhani akuchotsedwera, timapitirizabe kugwira ntchito. Mfundo ya mphamvuzi ndi izi: Kufika kwa coil pakalipano kumapangitsa kuti izi zisawonongeke mkati mwa maginito. Mchitidwewu umalowetsa kufalitsa, kuwupangitsa kusokoneza ndifupipafupi zomwe zilipo panopo, ndipo zimapangitsa mafunde kuti atuluke. Mavutowa amayamba kusokoneza komanso kumapanga mafunde omwe amatha kuzindikira. Amafalitsidwa monga chizindikiro cha magetsi kwa amplifier. Kotero liwu likuwonekera.

Maulendo osiyanasiyana omwe amachokera mwachindunji amadalira kukula kwa maginito ndi kukula kwa wokamba nkhani. Pokhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa maginito dera, kusiyana kwa magnetic dongosolo kumawonjezeka, ndipo ndi icho gawo lothandiza la coil imakula. Ndicho chifukwa oyankhula okonzeka sangathe kuthana ndi maulendo apansi mu 16-250 hertz. Momwe maulendo awo amachepera amayamba pa 300 Hz ndipo amathera pa 12,000 hertz. Ndi chifukwa chake okamba amalankhula pamene mukupotoza phokosolo.

Anayesa kukana magetsi

Waya amene amadyetsa kansaluyo amakhala wotsutsa komanso wotsutsa. Kuti mudziwe mlingo wa omalizawo, akatswiri amatha kuziyeza pafupipafupi a 1000 hertz ndi kuwonjezera kufunika kwake kukanika kovuta kwa voil. Kwa okamba ambiri, kukaniza ndi 2, 4, 6 kapena 8 ohms. Parameter iyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pamene igula choyimitsa. Ndikofunika kugwirizanitsa mlingo wa katundu.

Mafupipafupi

Zakhala zanenedwa pamwambapa kuti ambiri mwa electrodynamics amapanga mbali yokha ya maulendo omwe munthu angakhoze kuzindikira. Pangani wokamba nkhani, wokhoza kubzala lonse kuyambira 16 Hz mpaka 20 kilohertz sitingathe, kotero maulendowa agawanika m'magulu atatu: otsika, apakati ndi apamwamba. Pambuyo pake, okonzawo anayamba kupanga oyankhula paokha pafupipafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti oyankhula otsika kwambiri amatha kupirira bwino. Amagwiritsa ntchito hertz 25 - 5 kilohertz. Zokwera pamtunda zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zipsera zowawa (choncho dzina lofala - "pyshalka"). Zimagwira ntchito pafupipafupi 2 kHz - 20 kilohertz. Olankhula-mafupipafupi oterewa amagwira ntchito 200t hertz - 7 kilohertz. Akatswiri amisiri akuyesabe kupanga kapangidwe kachipangizo kapamwamba kwambiri. Tsoka, mtengo wa mphamvuzo umatsutsana ndi khalidwe lake ndipo sizolondola.

Pang'ono ponena za okamba mafoni

Oyankhula pa foni amasiyana ndi mafano "akuluakulu" mwaluso. Kukonzekera njira yovuta imeneyi mufoni yamakono ndi yopanda nzeru, kotero akatswiri amapita ku chinyengo ndikutsatira zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, makinawo amatha kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo mmalo mofalitsa ululu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Oyankhula pa foni ali ochepetsedwa kwambiri, kotero kuyembekezera kwa iwo mkokomo wapamwamba kwambiri siwothandiza.

Maulendo osiyanasiyana omwe angaphimbe chinthu choterocho ndi ochepa kwambiri. Phokoso lake, liri pafupi ndi zipangizo zamakono, popeza palibe malo ena mu foni yamakono yopangira magetsi ozungulira maginito.

Chipangizo cha wokamba nkhani pa foni yam'manja chimasiyana ndi kukula kwake, komanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo. Zowonjezera za chipangizocho ndizochepa pa mapulogalamu. Izi zimachitidwa kuteteza mapangidwe a okamba. Ambiri amatenga malirewo pamanja, kenako amadzifunsa kuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani amawombera okamba?"

Pa mafilimu ambiri, zinthu ziwirizi zimayikidwa. Chilankhulo china, nyimbo zina. Nthawi zina amasonkhanitsidwa kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za stereo. Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse mozama ndi kukhutira phokoso lingakhale dongosolo lonse la stereo.