China chotulutsa zopindika: gulu ndi Azitsamba

Kuwotcherera - mmodzi wa njira zofunika kwambiri kupanga. Atatero, kugwirizana ndi zidutswa azitsulo mapangidwe ambiri osiyanasiyana. Monga zinachitikira njira zina mafakitale, nthaŵi zina m'banja. amatanthauza china chotulutsa zopindika pansi pa iyo, amene akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa ubwino wa chotsirizidwa, ngati kuzipanga izo ntchito yoopsa.

Gawo

Mwa njira, iwo angakhoze bwanji kugawidwa? zopindika onse china chotulutsa anawagawa m'magulu atatu aakulu:

• Kunja.
• Internal.
• Looping.

zopindika kunja china chotulutsa zimakhala gulu ochuluka kuposa. Pamafunikanso: kukula chochepa, komanso kusamutsidwa kwa mzere limodzi tinatake tozungulira osiyana, "mabala", ndi shrinkage chipolopolo osati ophatikizidwa mu ndondomeko ya zimaphala kuwotcherera ming'alu kapena porosity. Nonuniform china chotulutsa m'lifupi imanenanso kuti mitundu. Akukhulupirira kuti ziwonongeke kunja zimfundo welded ali wamng'ono oopsa gulu.

Motero, mkati monga pores, inclusions zambiri za slag si kwathunthu yophika malo, ndi mng'alu mu makulidwe a zitsulo china chotulutsa. Pankhani kudzera zopindika, izo fistulas, anakafika mwa unyinji wonse wa ming'alu gawo, amatopa.

Zimayambitsa yaikulu ya zopindika kuwotcherera

• Pafupifupi nthawi zonse iwo amaoneka pamene anayesa kugwiritsa ntchito wotchipa kwambiri ndi otsika kalasi zipangizo.
• Yemweyo tinganene kuti khalidwe osauka zida kuwotcherera. Komanso, pafupipafupi yatsoka ndi vuto kawirikawiri izi pambuyo zida osauka kukonza ntchito ndi akatswiri.
• Ndithudi, izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuphwanya sayansi.
• Akuluakulu zopindika china chotulutsa msoko si zachilendo kwa ogwira achibwana ndi Choyenereza otsika.

N'zosavuta kudziwa kuti ambiri mankhwala apamwamba amene analandira pa nkhani ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazipangizo makina kwathunthu. Musaiwale za mayiko workspace lapansi. Choncho lalikulu wazikang'a msoko kulakwila m'lifupi kawirikawiri kwambiri anapeza milandu kumene owotcherera (kuphatikizapo) ntchito mu malo wovuta.

Ndipotu, osati mwangozi ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera pali zinthu zimene makamaka amatchula wathunthu akonzekeretse kuntchito, kupereka ergonomics ake apamwamba.

zofunika cholemba

Ngakhale owotcherera novice zodziwika bwino kuti kudzapeza mphamvu msoko ayenera kukhala ndi phindu ka dongosolo la 1-2 mm. Pa nthawi yomweyo owotcherera chomwecho zambiri kuvomereza kulakwitsa pamene akupeza phindu la 3-4 mm. Mwachidule, milandu yosavuta, palibe cholakwika ndi izo, koma osati pankhani mankhwala, nthawi zonse mu mkhalidwe wamphamvu wa katunduyo. Zonsezi kumayambitsa nkhawa ndende ndiponso kuchuluka lakuthwa mu imabwera breakage.

undercut

Monga ife tanena kale, zopindika welds ndi kugwirizana ndi woopsa kwambiri. N'kosavuta kulingalira zomwe zingachitike ngati iwo adzakhala mwatsatanetsatane, anafuna kuti wokwera Mwachitsanzo, mu dongosolo thandizo la mlatho sitima. Ndi oopsa makamaka pa nkhani ya kuwotcherera mbali kuchokera zosapanga dzimbiri, opareshoni m'mikhalidwe kusintha zonse kutentha.

The owopsa ndi undercut, ngati iwo ali masoka "batire" voteji, umene anaikira mu anafooka malo china chotulutsa. Komanso, kuchepetsa gawo ake ntchito komanso ndi kungasokoneze kwambiri pa mphamvu ya kugwirizana.

Childs, izi zopindika kunja mu welds nthawi zambiri ali sitisintha. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zitsulo (zambiri) adzakhala ndi otsika-mbiri ukwati, tingayambe zotsatira zazikulu kwambiri.

Monga pali zimasokoneza?

chifukwa chachikulu ndi kumuonetsa panopa kwambiri. Mothandizana ndi Arc yaitali, chinthu limapereka pafupi kwathunthu Mwina asayembekezere. Komanso, nthawi zina, zimasokoneza zimachitika pamene kwambiri mofulumira kusamutsidwa Kutentha gwero pamwamba zitsulo.

Ngati kapangidwe ngakhale zofunika pang'ono, ngakhale zopindika wamng'ono welds ndi mankhwala a mtundu uwu n'zosayenera kwathunthu. Likukonza iwo ntchito woonda bwino kuwotcherera msoko. Ngati pali kuthekera mwatsatanetsatane ndi bwino m'malo kwathunthu (onani otsiriza ndemanga likukhudza chibadwa onse).

Zambiri undercooked zitsulo

Ngati siteshoni otere ili mu msoko makulidwe, ndi woopsa kwambiri. Choyamba, kupeza chilema ngati zitha ntchito molakwika. Kachiwiri, amayambanso wambirimbiri ndi nkhawa chibadwidwe zitsulo. Mogwirizana ndi kuphwanya dongosolo welded, zonse zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti chiopsezo mfundo msanga kulephera. Makamaka zambiri ngati zopindika mkati mwa welds yanthanda pa nkhani ya ntchito alloyed zitsulo ndi zida osauka kuwotcherera.

Porosity (kaya malo ake) zikuchepa amachepetsa mphamvu katundu ndi mfundo zosavomerezeka, tidzapeza "delamination" wa zitsulo, i.e. kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe zachilengedwe. Tsatanetsatane ngakhale ndi porosity otsika ali kangapo zambiri kuswa pansi mtolo pa chiyambi cha ntchito. Kukhala pores mpweya vuto alibe nthawi kuti mupewe wosanjikiza osungunula zitsulo.

Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse ya zopindika china chotulutsa, iwo nthawi zambiri akafika pa nkhani ya maelekitirodi otsika kwambiri yaiwisi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti porosity ukapezeka chifukwa cha zina zosafunika za kutetezedwa mpweya. Monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, mtundu wa chilema zingachitikenso pa liwiro mopambanitsa kuwotcherera pamene corny linaphwanya umphumphu wa zoteteza mpweya "kusamba".

slag inclusions

Inclusions wa slag kwambiri kusokoneza pachilichonse za dongosolo zitsulo. Chifukwa tingachipeze powerenga mapangidwe - inadvertent yokonza olowa pamwamba kuchokera zatsalira dzimbiri ndi sikelo. Mwina asayembekezere amamuchititsa ziro ndi wosanjikiza proviso kuwotcherera mpweya zozitetezera. Osowa nayenso ozungulira mawonekedwe akuimira palibe choopsa, malonda iwo apite OTC.

Dziwani kuti ngati ntchito kuwotcherera wa tungsten elekitirodi, tsatanetsatane akapezedwe kuti zitsulo particles. digiri zoopsa - monga mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu (ie, ndi chovomerezeka zopindika welds ..).

ming'alu

Pali yopingasa ndi kotenga anakafika onse ku msoko ndi zitsulo pamodzi kapena pafupi. Amakhala oopsa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zina, kuchepetsa mawotchi mphamvu ya mankhwala kugwedera kwa pafupifupi ziro. Malinga ndi katundu zakuthupi kuti welded, poswekapo angathe kusunga malo m'chimake ndi kufalikira kwa utali wonse wa workpiece mu nthawi yochepa.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti ichi ndi zilema zoopsa kwambiri welds. Standard nthawi zambiri amafuna kukana atangochimwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, mosasamala kanthu za mmene ake anafuna (kupatulapo zinthu moperewera mwamtheradi).

Non-pachilichonse za matabwa a

Choncho otchedwa aakulu zikusiyana la magawo geometrical mgwirizano chofunika makhalidwe malamulo. Mwachidule, ngati kuwotcherera ndi "njoka", obliquely ndi zina zotero. N., Iwo basi adza kwa mtundu wofanana wa chilema.

Nthawi zambiri iwo amaoneka mu ntchito ya owotcherera achibwana, komanso kukakhala kwambiri, zida zosalongosoka ndi banal mwachangu. Yoopsa imeneyi chilema kuti kawirikawiri pamodzi undercooked, umene uli kale kwambiri oopsa. Ngati kupatuka pa mzere ofananira pawiri ndi kanthu ndipo sayambitsa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala, chigawo akhoza kuloledwa ntchito.

Pankhaniyi, nthawi zonse kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi losavuta: ang'onoang'ono mbali ya kusintha kwa m'munsi zitsulo wosanjikiza kwa kusakaniza, koyipitsitsa mawotchi mphamvu ya mankhwala welded. Inde, kupanga zomangamanga ena m'banja (chimango kutentha, mwachitsanzo) zinthu undervoltage kuchita popanda seams m'goli chabe zosatheka. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, iwo sanena chiopsezo iliyonse.

njira Basic, cholakwika kulewerana

Ingonenani zotsatirazi: nthawi zambiri, njira ya kuwonongedwa vuto la welds zokambirana sizimatanthauza, monga mu OTC kwambiri kapena zochepa okhwima mankhwala onse ndi zina zolakwika chabe ukwati. Koma nthawi zina kwenikweni Mlandu umene chilema si lalikulu kwambiri, koma chifukwa angathe kuthetsedwa. Kodi kuchita izo?

Pankhani ya odulidwa pamwamba asokoneza ndi dongosolo zitsulo (plasma-Arc kuwotcherera), mosamala kutsukidwa malo kugwirizana analephera, kenako Yeseraninso. Ngati pali zazing'ono zopindika kunja mu welds (m'goli mankhwala osaya dzenje), iwo akhoza kungoyankha kuti sanded. Kumene, zilibe nawo ndi kutenga kwambiri wosanjikiza zitsulo.

Zindikirani zofunika

Pankhani mankhwala zosapanga dzimbiri, amene imvera lamulo kutentha mankhwala, malangizo a zopindika welds ndi ziyenela kuchitidwa kokha (!) Pambuyo holide mu osiyanasiyana kutentha kwa 450 mpaka 650 ° C.

Kuwukonza mitundu ina

Chophweka njira kukonza sagging ndi m'goli makina olowa. Pankhaniyi, Mphambano n'tangokonza (monga takambirana kale). tanena pamwamba za kulewerana zimasokoneza, koma kamodzinso tiona - ndi yopanda chilema mwatsatanetsatane yoyenera kwambiri yomweyo culled chifukwa ntchito zake zikhoza kukhala zoopsa!

Ngati muli ndi bala lamoto kupyolera (omwe si monga wamba), kuthetsedwa vuto china chotulutsa amathera wosavuta: choyamba, monga pamwamba kuti nakonza, ndiyeno wiritsani kachiwiri. Pafupifupi kotero ndi zimaphala.

zinthu zofunika "yokongola"

Pa Kupha vuto ndi kutsatira zinthu zina zamakono. Choyamba, muyenera kutsatira lamulo losavuta: pa zosalongosoka gawo kutalika ayenera zikugwirizana m'lifupi kuphatikiza 10-20 mamilimita ayenera kusiyidwa "kuti mwina".

Zofunika! M'lifupi msoko ndi kuwotcherera pambuyo kukonzanso provarkoy sayenera upambana kawiri kukula kwake musanayambe ntchito. Musakhale aulesi kukonza zolakwika okonzeka pamwamba. Choyamba, izo kumathandiza slag kulowa zitsulo. Komanso muyeso izi osalakwa kudzakuthandizani kufulumizitsa ntchito ndi kuonjezera khalidwe la zotsatira zake.

Nkofunika kuti akonze chitsanzo kwa kukonzanso embeds chiwembu. Ngati mumamwa LBM ( "Chibugariya"), ndi bwino kutenga galimoto ya m'mimba mwake zazing'ono. The mbali nkhope ya nyemba ayenera kuchita ngati kuli kotheka yosalala, free wa burrs kapena mbali zina yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda pa ndondomeko kuwotcherera angapatutse mu slag chomwecho.

Pankhani mankhwala zotayidwa, titaniyamu, ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo zitsulo awa, nkhaniyi kufikako mosamala kwambiri. Choyamba, poyerekezera zopindika Pankhaniyi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito (!) Mawotchi njira, ntchito Arc kuwotcherera sikuloledwa. Ambiri makamaka kudula gawo owonongeka kuchapidwa ndi kukonzanso Brew msoko.

Chidziwitso pa cholakwika kulewerana

Places kudzudzulidwa - kukonzanso zinachitika mankhwala ayenera kachiwiri kukumana ndondomeko OTC. Ngati chilema chimodzi kapena digiri ina ya chitetezo, n'zotheka kuyesa kukonza kachiwiri. Zofunika! Kuchuluka chilango zimadalira zitsulo kalasi ndi makhalidwe a mankhwala, koma m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa simungathe redo ntchito nthawi kuposa awiri kapena atatu, ngati mwinamwake pali kuchepa lakuthwa mwatsatanetsatane mphamvu katundu.

Choncho tinakambirana Mitundu ya zopindika china chotulutsa.