Chikuku HIV. Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za matendawa

Posachedwapa, madokotala ayamba kuganiza kuti posachedwapa mbakunda chikuku - HIV kuti chopezeka chiwopsezo mtheradi, mazana ochuluka a zaka anapangitsa mliri ndipo ndi akupha ana. The World Health Organization amene wakwanitsa kuchepetsa imfa ku matenda nthawi makumi awiri ndi anakonzera mu 2020 wokonzeka kuthana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda m'madera angapo wosafunika.

Koma anthu si njira zachidule. Ponseponse mafashoni kwa achitsikana kusiya katemera, kukwezeleza ngozi mapangidwe a njirayi ndi chabe zachibwana maganizo a makolo achinyamata kuteteza ana awo, kusowa ndalama zogulira vaccinations lopanda maboma a mayiko ambiri - zonsezi likuoneka thanzi ndi moyo wa ana ndi akulu lonse.

chikuku Kodi

matenda akhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Kale m'zaka za m'ma chinali chitalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane kufotokoza matenda a matenda. Koma mpaka m'zaka 20 zimene zimachititsa chikuku - HIV kapena mabakiteriya, palibe akudziwa. D. Goldberger ndi A. Anderson mu 1911 anatha kutsimikizira kuti matenda amayamba ndi mavairasi, ndi kale mu 1954, T. D. Enders ndi Peebles olekanitsidwa RNA HIV, amene ali mwapadera malo kukula kwa 120230 nm ndi wa banja la paramyxoviruses.

Kodi inu mumalowa

The chikuku HIV ali pafupifupi 100 opatsirana. Munthu amene alibe asanazolowere matenda (omwe si kale katemera osati kudwala) ali pafupifupi zosatheka kuti sizingagwire likhoza kukhudzana ndi wodwalayo.

Infection kwa munthu wodwala mwa chilengedwe tinatengera kwa onse omuzungulira. Odwala kuyambira masiku otsiriza a nthawi makulitsidwe (masiku awiri pamaso totupa) ndi allocates masiku anayi pamene kupuma, kutsokomola, sneezing (airborne) chikuku HIV. Komanso, kudzera m'mphuno maselo mucous pa mundawo kupuma ndipo akulowa m'magazi ndipo zimakhudza lymph mfundo, capillaries magazi (maselo oyera). The totupa zikuoneka chifukwa cha lifotabe maselo capillary. Lotsatira, kukhala matenda a immunodeficiency sekondale, komanso zachilendo toyambitsa matendawo.

Tikumbukenso kuti nthumwi za chikuku HIV simungathe kupulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali panja, zinthu ndi zovala. Ngakhale pali milandu matenda anawerengedwa mwa dongosolo mpweya wabwino. Chafa pa yozungulira kutentha pafupifupi pambuyo maola awiri ndi mphindi makumi atatu, kwathunthu wotaya luso kuwononga. Nthawi yomweyo HIV waphedwa atadziŵa dzuwa limakhala lamphamvu ndi kutentha. Choncho, pamene mliri wa si koyenera mankhwala malo.

Amene mukhoza kutenga ndi pamene

Akuvutika waukulu wa chikuku ndi ana a zaka zapakati pa zaka ziwiri ndi zisanu. Komanso kunadetsa amaloledwa milandu achinyamata zaka 15-17.

Akuluakulu matenda amene akudwala chikuku n'kukhala kwambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri, ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu akula zambiri kale chitetezo chokwanira ku katemera kapena ku matenda zapitazi.

Re wodwala chikuku zosatheka. malipoti akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi matenda olakwika pa matenda oyamba kapena limaphwanya kwambiri dongosolo anthu m'thupi.

Mu Russia, chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri milandu anati mu kasupe ndi yozizira, kuchokera mochedwa November kwa May, ndi intervals zonse ziwiri kwa zaka zinayi.

Kodi mwana wodwala

Akhanda pa miyezi itatu za pamoyo ndi chitetezo chokwanira chosatha Anabwereka mayi, ngati iye anali kudwala patsogolo. Chitetezo chokwanira ana amene amayi awo sanali kudwala ndipo sanalandire katemera, pali, ndipo iwo akhoza kudwala. N'zothekanso kuipitsidwa mwana pobereka akudwala mayi ake.

nthawi makulitsidwe

Monga matenda ambiri, nyengo ya makulitsidwe mu thupi ndi armature. Kachilomboka sikuti kuonekera kunja mu masiku 7-17. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyambira ndi makulitsidwe nyengo 3 tsiku, kokha mwa kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane angapezeke mu ndulu ya, tonsils, lymph mfundo, mmene lalikulu multinucleated maselo. Anasonyeza zizindikiro kunja pokhapokha kubalana wa HIV mu mwanabele ndi kukhala mu magazi.

Chikuku HIV: Zizindikiro

• kutentha lakuthwa mbakwira 38-40,5 digiri;
• youma chifuwa;
• photophobia;
• mutu;
• siplost kapena hoarseness a mawu;
• mkhutu kutsitsimuka, kuona zilubwelubwe;
• chisokonezo makhalidwe matumbo;
• mucosal edema pa mundawo kupuma;
• Zizindikiro conjunctivitis: kutupa zikope za, redness kuzungulira maso;
• maonekedwe a mawanga ofiira mkamwa - pa m'kamwa, lamkati pamwamba pa masaya;
• Pa tsiku lachiwiri la matenda mu mucosa m'kamwa kuoneka ang'ono woyera mawanga;
• totupa kwambiri limapezeka pa tsiku lachinayi kapena chachisanu, khalidwe ndi maonekedwe ake pa nkhope ndi khosi, kumbuyo kwa khutu, ndiye thupi ndi anaŵerama manja, miyendo, zala Yakanjedza ndi mapazi.

Chikuku okhadzula - ndi papules wapadera atazingidwa ndi malo ndi kukhala chizolowezi kuphatikiza (Izi n'zimene chimasiyanitsa izo kuchokera chikuku, kumene totupa alibe katundu kuphatikiza). Pambuyo pa tsiku lachinayi la totupa, pamene Kachiromboka kamafa anagonjetsa, ndi zotupa pang'onopang'ono eroding: mdima, inki, wayamba peel kutali. m'madera Hyperpigmented ndi zotupa ndi azikakhala wina masabata 1-2.

Chikuku ana

Amodzi mwa matenda ambiri ndi owopsa ubwana - chikuku ndi. HIV nthawi zambiri imagwira ana a sukulu ndi zaka sukulu oyambirira.

Kale Russia tinatsegula kupanga katemera ndipo anayamba ufulu pulogalamu kupewa HIV ili ndi mavuto ake anamwalira pa avareji imodzi ana anayi. Lero, vaccinations ali ana onse ndi wathanzi chaka chimodzi ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi (malinga ndi dziko ndandanda Katemera). Ngati mwana si katemera, ndi chiopsezo chotenga mu kukumana ndi ndi chonyamulira cha matenda ukufika zana pa zana. Alumikize ana kapena musakhale kudwala, kapena akuvutika matenda mosavuta.

Makulitsidwe kachilombo mwana Nyengo munthu zingasiyane ndi pafupifupi kwa masiku 10 mpaka 15. Pa nthawi imeneyi, popanda zizindikiro za matenda palibe, koma masiku awiri pamaso mawonetseredwe matenda a mwanayo adzakhala opatsirana ena.

Nthawi zambiri, ana amavutika kwambiri. Choyamba, pali zizindikiro mwachizolowezi matenda pachimake kupuma tizilombo (ARI):

• kutentha 38-40 madigiri;
• amphamvu youma chifuwa;
• chimfine mphuno;
• kufooka;
• kusafuna kudya;
• zoipa maloto.

3-5-day matenda imayamba kuoneka totupa - yaing'ono pinki, merging ndi zilema mzake. Mu ana, amapezeka mofulumira ndi kufalikira thupi lonse. Panthawi imene totupa limapezeka, kutentha pambuyo kuwongolera mwakuwoneka kuonekera akhoza kuyamba kachiwiri.

Ana zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu, chikuku ndi owopsa. thupi watsopanowo mwana pang'onopang'ono kulimbana ndi kachilombo, ndi chifukwa cha matenda anagwirizana bakiteriya zambiri kukhala mavuto:

• matenda khutu;
• bronchial chibayo;
• khungu;
• encephalitis;
• amphamvu kutupa mwanabele;
• laryngitis.

Ndi chifukwa cha mavuto amenewa m'pofunika kusonyeza mwana kwa dokotala nthawi ndi kulamulira matenda. Zovuta amayamba kuoneka patapita kanthawi mwanayo wapita Kusintha kwa.

Chikuku mu Akuluakulu

Chikuku akuluakulu - matenda osowa. Koma ngati munthu ali kale ndi kachilombo, iye sanali kupewa mavuto. Achikulire amene ali kudwala patatha zaka 20 zovuta ndi yaitali. Gawo pachimake cha matenda ukhoza kwa milungu iwiri. Nthawi zambiri matenda amachititsa zosiyanasiyana mavuto, komanso Mwina mkulu wa matenda zina bakiteriya.

Mitundu ya mavuto akuluakulu:

• bakiteriya chibayo;
• Chikuku chibayo;
• otitis TV;
• tracheobronchitis;
• matenda mu chapakati mantha dongosolo;
• laryngitis;
• dzinthu (laryngeal stenosis);
• chiwindi;
• lymphadenitis (kutupa mwanabele);
• kutupa meninges wa - meningoencephalitis (40% amene ali matenda oopsa).

Choncho, ife timvetsetsa kuti chikuku HIV kumene monga momwe mwawamba, ndi owopsa okha ana, angathe kuyambitsa matenda aakulu akulu ndi kuyambitsa kulumala kapena imfa.

Chikuku mimba

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti matenda amene amachititsa mavuto ambiri sangathe mosavuta ikuyenda mwa amayi apakati. Koma ubatizo lalikulu la mayi woyembekezera ndi kuthekera mavuto mwa mwanayo. Osati chabe.

Chikuku ndi zambiri oopsa kwa mwana wosabadwayo, m'munsi zaka gestational. Mu trimester mu akazi ndi matenda ayenera kuchitika 20% ya padera mowiriza mofuna kapena kuposa pamenepo, matenda zidzayambitsa aakulu yoopsa malformation (retardation maganizo, mantha dongosolo, etc ..). Mwatsoka, kudziwa zopindika oyambirira yoopsa ultrasound ndi ngakhale pa mosamala woyamba sangathe, ndi akazi zambiri kupereka mimba.

Ngati mayi wapakati anadwala pambuyo sabata chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, kuti madokotala ananena zawo zambiri zolimbikitsa. Pa latuluka izi oti kukhwima zokwanira kuti athe kuteteza mwana wosabadwayo matenda mayi, kotero Mwina mavuto mwana wosabadwa ndi otsika kwambiri.

Kuopsa limapezeka kachiwiri, ngati amayi anadwala chabe asanabadwe. Osati kokha kuti pobereka mwachidule sadzakhala mphamvu zokwanira chifukwa HIV ndi chiopsezo cha matenda mwanayo pa kudutsa ngalande kubadwa kwambiri. Kumene, madokotala tsopano ndi njira zonse kupulumutsa moyo wa mwanayo; ndipo kuwatsitsimula, ndi mankhwala amphamvu. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, mwana adzatha kuchiza. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani chiopsezo ngati pali njira kuti adziteteze ndi mwana wake pasadakhale? Ayesedwe kwa chitetezo ku chikuku HIV N'kofunika kuti mkazi aliyense pamaso mapulani mimba. Ndipotu, ngati ife tsopano kusamalira thanzi lanu ndiponso kuti katemera pa nthawi, mwina kudwala pa mimba sadzakhala yosavuta.

njira matenda

Nthawi zambiri, matenda zachokera deta matenda pambuyo kuoneka khalidwe chikuku totupa. Koma zasayansi mphamvu matenda kale (kapena kutsimikizira), kudziwa kumene chikuku HIV. Microbiology amalola kutali magazi, mamina, mkamwa ndi mphuno, maselo HIV mkodzo pa tsiku loyamba la matenda (pamaso maonekedwe a zotupa), ndipo ngakhale pa mapeto a nthawi makulitsidwe. Pansi pa maso wapadera tinganene kuti mmene kuunika, ndi inclusions, chimphona maselo chowulungika.

Komanso wodwalayo mwina wapatsidwa;

• urinalysis ndi magazi pofuna kupewa zina matenda bakiteriya ndi mavuto;
• yeniyeni magazi kuti kudziwika chitetezo (kusanthula serological kwa IgG chikuku HIV);
• pachifuwa X-ray kapena pachifuwa X-ray mu milandu amaganiziridwa chitukuko cha chikuku chibayo.

Koma nthawi zambiri matenda a matenda sayambitsa mavuto zachipatala ndipo sanali kuika nkhani zina.

Kodi kudziwa mlingo wa IgG chitetezo kwa chikuku kachilombo

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi munthu wodwala akudwala chikuku munthu aliyense amayamba kukumbukira kaya ndikamezetsanidwemo yekha, kapena mwina kudwala ngati mwana. Ndipo ngati analekerera, adaluza iye nthawi ndi anaika mwana wake? Kodi ndimaona kuti? Palinso mavuto amene katemera anali kusungidwa molondola, ndiyeno HIV wofatsa afe pamaso kuuzidwa mu thupi.

Tsopano aliyense zasayansi kugwira kusanthula pa chitetezo ku chikuku HIV (IgG). Njira imeneyi zimathandiza peresenti zana zedi ngati munthu ali asanazolowere matenda.

chithandizo

mankhwala enieni a chikuku HIV palibe. Mofanana ndi zonse matenda tizilombo, adokotala kuchititsa mankhwala symptomatic, relieves ndiponso kupewa ngozi ya mavuto. Childs Kwalamulidwa:

• mankhwala kuchepetsa kutentha ndiponso kuchiritsa malaise, kupweteka m'thupi kutentha thupi ( "Ibuprofen" "Paracetamol");
• opopera ndi kutupa ndi gargling ndi chamomile, "chlorhexidine";
• mucolytics ndi expectorants chifuwa youma;
• chifukwa akuvutika zizindikiro za rhinitis ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha otitis - vasoconstrictive madontho mphuno (masiku 5) ndi kumsambitsa brine;
• kuthetsa mkwiyo ndi kuyabwa zidzolo Kwalamulidwa rinsing "Dilaksinom";
• zochizira conjunctivitis - "Albucidum" ndi "Chloramphenicol";
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khungu, odwala akulimbikitsidwa pa nthawi yonse ya matenda kutenga vitamini A;
• mu nkhani ya chibayo mankhwala mankhwala.

Chenjezo! Mankhwalawa chikuku Mulimonsemo sangathe ntchito "Aspirin", makamaka mankhwala a ana osaposa zaka 16. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti chitukuko cha matenda Reye a - kwa chiwindi encephalopathy.

kupewa

Pa zaka chaka chimodzi, ana onse kwaulere katemera motsutsa matenda atatu oopsa kwambiri ubwana (chikuku, chikuku, mumps). Revaccination ndi matenda amenewa ikuchitika pa zaka ndi zaka 5-6, kutsogolo kwa sukuluyo. Madokotala amanena kuti katemera bwino analekerera ndi ana, m'pamenenso iwo amachita izo zokha kuti ana athanzi, kotero chiopsezo chotenga mavuto ndi kochepa.

Aliyense mosavuta onetsetsani kuti katemera ntchito. Kuti tichite zimenezi, patapita nthawi pambuyo jekeseni ya mayeso wapadera. Chitetezo ku chikuku HIV pano kukachitika kuti anayamba chitetezo chokwanira pambuyo katemera.